CN114097519B - Chinese torreya planting method - Google Patents
Chinese torreya planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097519B CN114097519B CN202111511518.8A CN202111511518A CN114097519B CN 114097519 B CN114097519 B CN 114097519B CN 202111511518 A CN202111511518 A CN 202111511518A CN 114097519 B CN114097519 B CN 114097519B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese torreya planting method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The Chinese torreya planting method comprises the following steps: seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer, and applying organic fertilizer; seedling breeding: accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds, sowing, and culturing for 3-4 years to obtain the seedlings; grafting: grafting the scion on the seedling, and culturing for 3-4 years to obtain a planted seedling; planting: selecting a land block with the condition of standing land according with the growth of the Chinese torreya, performing land preparation, digging holes and planting seedlings, properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings before planting the seedlings, spraying a certain amount of mixed nutrients to the root parts of the seedlings after trimming, and then planting the seedlings in an earthing manner; and (5) performing field management in a conventional mode in the 2 nd year after planting. The invention effectively solves the problem that the root system of the Chinese torreya seedlings is damaged by premature grafting, improves the Chinese torreya planting survival rate, rapidly grows, has advanced results and increases the yield, provides key technical guarantee for Chinese torreya planting and popularization, and promotes the healthy and benign development of the Chinese torreya industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a Chinese torreya planting method.
Background
Torreya grandis (Torreya grandis) is a species of genus Torreya of family Taxaceae, and is called Torreya grandis, Sterreya aegilata, Torreya seeds, and evergreen coniferous tree. The fruit is oval or long oval, the outer surface is yellow brown to dark brown, slightly has longitudinal edges, one end is blunt round, has an oval umbilicus, is slightly light in color, is smoother, and has slightly sharp two ends. The fruit peel is firm and crisp, 1 kernel can be seen after the fruit peel is broken, the shape of the egg is oval, the shape of the membrane of the endosperm is yellow brown, the fruit is extremely wrinkled, the endosperm is fat, the fruit is yellow white, firm in texture, rich in oil, light in smell, slightly sweet and astringent in taste, and the fruit has fragrance after being fried.
The four kinds of lipoalkalis contained in the Chinese torreya fruit have obvious inhibiting effect on lymphoblastic leukemia, and are beneficial to treating and preventing lymphosarcoma with high malignancy degree. According to the traditional Chinese medicine, the torreya grandis fruits have the functions of eliminating malnutritional stagnation, moistening lung and lubricating intestines, and reducing phlegm and stopping cough, and are suitable for various symptoms of constipation, hernia, hemorrhoids, dyspepsia and expectoration. The torreya grandis fruit can be used for various intestinal parasitic diseases, such as infantile ascariasis, enterobiasis, hookworm and the like, and the insecticidal capability of the torreya grandis fruit is equivalent to that of the traditional Chinese medicine rangooncreeper fruit. The torreya grandis fruits have high contents of fatty acid and vitamin E, and can moisten skin and delay aging after being eaten frequently. The edible Chinese torreya fruit is beneficial to protecting eyesight, and has the effects of preventing and relieving the symptoms of dry eyes, easy lacrimation, night blindness and the like because the edible Chinese torreya fruit contains more components beneficial to the eyes such as vitamin A and the like.
Chinese torreya is generally planted for more than ten years to bear fruit, and the full bearing period is at least fifteen and six years. The growth period of the Chinese torreya is long, the Chinese torreya is difficult to cultivate and slow in growth, the fruit can be mature only after three years from blooming to fruiting, and the Chinese torreya is commonly called as 'three-generation fruit of thousand-year Chinese torreya'. According to incomplete statistics, the planting area of Chinese torreya is about 90-120 ten thousand mu, compared with Chinese chestnuts, hickory nuts and the like, the planting area is small, the fruit bearing time is long, the yield is low, and the market price of Chinese torreya (fruits) is always high.
The grafting technical measures can effectively advance the flowering and fruiting time of the Chinese torreya. At present, the grafting methods of Chinese torreya are numerous, and the prior art discloses a grafting method of '2 + 3' (2-year-old seedlings and 3-year-old grafting cultivation) '2 + 4' (2-year-old seedlings and 4-year grafting cultivation), which greatly shortens the time for Chinese torreya to blossom and fruit, but the 2-year-old seedlings are small and easily damage the root systems of seedlings during grafting. In order to better protect the root system of the seedling, the grafting mode of 3-4 years of seedling is preferably adopted, and 4+3 (4 years of seedling and 3 years of grafting cultivation) or 3+4 (3 years of seedling and 4 years of grafting cultivation) is adopted. The 3-4-year-old Chinese torreya seedlings are developed in root systems and robust in branches, and the problem that the root systems are easy to damage when 2-year-old Chinese torreya seedlings are adopted for grafting can be effectively solved.
The '4 + 3' or '3 + 4' grafted seedling planting is adopted, so that improved strong seedlings are provided for Chinese torreya planting, the root system of seedlings is protected better, seedling guarantee and technical support are provided for improving the Chinese torreya planting survival rate and promoting better growth of the Chinese torreya, but how to more effectively advance the Chinese torreya fruiting time and improve the yield becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Chinese torreya planting method, which aims to solve the existing technical problems and can effectively solve the problem of root system damage of Chinese torreya seedlings caused by premature grafting by combining various means, so that the fruiting time of the Chinese torreya tree is advanced, the yield is increased, nursery stocks and a technical basis are provided for planting and popularizing the Chinese torreya, and the economic benefit of Chinese torreya planting can be effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a torreya grandis planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer, and applying organic fertilizer;
(2) seedling breeding: accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds, sowing, and culturing for 3-4 years to obtain the seedlings;
(3) grafting: grafting the scion on the seedling, and culturing for 3-4 years to obtain a planted seedling;
(4) planting: selecting a land block with the condition of standing land according with the growth of the Chinese torreya, performing land preparation, digging holes and planting seedlings, properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings before planting the seedlings, spraying a certain amount of mixed nutrients to the root parts of the seedlings after trimming, and then planting the seedlings in an earthing manner;
(5) and (5) performing field management in a conventional mode in the 2 nd year after planting.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 50-60 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 70-100 parts of soybean meal, 20-40 parts of plant ash, 80-90 parts of decomposed corn straws, 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 1-2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis.
The bacillus subtilis in the organic fertilizer can generate active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, short bacitracin and the like, and has obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria with endogenous infection; the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens jointly act to decompose organic matters in the soil and secrete substances such as chitinase and rooting elements and other nutrient components, so that the activity of the root system of the crop is refreshed, the nutrient absorption of the root system is promoted, and the purpose of promoting the growth of the root system is achieved; the growth of root systems can be promoted while soil-borne diseases are reduced, the soil fertility can be improved, the soil structure can be adjusted, the tree vigor of the Chinese torreya trees is enhanced, and the growth and development of the Chinese torreya trees are promoted.
The azotobacter chroococcum is a self-growing azotobacter, can supply nitrogen for plants, forms an attachment relation with the plants and provides nitrogen sources for the plants; the metabolite of the bacillus thuringiensis can effectively inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.
Further, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 1000-1500 kg/mu.
Further, the pregermination in the step (2) specifically comprises: accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds by adopting a laminated sand storage method, and stacking sand and seeds layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the torreya grandis seeds is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of a sandy soil layer is 5-7 cm.
Further, the breeding in the step (2) specifically comprises: spraying a leaf fertilizer after torreya grandis seeds are sown for 2-3 months, and performing conventional field management; and (3) sowing torreya grandis seeds for 3-4 years, applying a compound fertilizer, and culturing for 2-3 months to obtain the seedlings.
Further, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of wormcast, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of fishbone powder, 2-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-2 parts of streptomyces griseus and 3-4 parts of cellulase.
The wormcast, the humic acid and the fish bone powder in the compound fertilizer can effectively promote the robust growth of the torreya grandis, can improve the biological activity of the compound fertilizer by matching with bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces griseus and cellulase, can be propagated in soil, can promote the coexistence growth of beneficial bacteria, inhibit harmful fungi, have the capabilities of enhancing the soil fertility and stimulating the growth of crops, effectively improve the disease resistance of the torreya grandis, can be matched with inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, plant ash and potassium chloride, can generate colloid with organic matters, can better adjust the ventilation, moisture and nutrient distribution conditions of the soil, reform a soil aggregate structure, not only can not cause soil hardening, but also can loosen the soil, and can enhance the tree vigor of the torreya grandis by the action of the compound fertilizer and avoid the phenomenon that the root base of seedlings is damaged due to premature grafting.
Furthermore, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.5-2 kg per plant.
Further, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-6 parts of sodium selenite, 3-6 parts of copper sulfate, 2-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-1 part of potassium indolebutyrate, 0.5-2 parts of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 5-10 parts of protease hydrolysate.
As the leaves of the seedlings which just come out of the soil grow slowly, and the photosynthesis is weaker, the spraying of the foliar fertilizer can provide certain nutrient substances for the seedlings and promote the growth and development of the seedlings; the protein enzymolysis liquid contains various amino acids, and can be absorbed and utilized by crops; the potassium indolebutyrate is a plant growth regulator for promoting rooting, induces crops to form adventitious roots, sprays the adventitious roots on leaf surfaces, enters a plant body from leaf seeds and other parts, concentrates on growing points, promotes cell division, induces the formation of the adventitious roots, and shows that the roots are more, the roots are straight, the roots are thick and the root hairs are more; sodium naphthaleneacetate is an auxin plant regulator, enters a plant body through leaves, tender epidermis and seeds of the plant, is guided to a part with vigorous growth (a growing point, tender organs, flowers or fruits) along with nutrient flow, obviously promotes the tip development of a root system (rooting powder), and simultaneously can also enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, saline-alkali resistance and dry and hot wind resistance of the plant. And various substances in the foliar fertilizer interact with each other, so that the growth of the torreya grandis tree seedlings is remarkably promoted, and the capability of the tree seedlings in resisting adverse environments is enhanced.
Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 500-1000 times and then sprayed.
Further, the preparation of the protein enzymolysis liquid specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing soybeans, adding a neutral protease solution, and decomposing to obtain the protein enzymatic hydrolysate.
Further, the grafting in the step (3) adopts a heart-breaking cutting method or a bone-bark cutting method.
Further, the mixed nutrient in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of borax, 10-15 parts of zinc fertilizer, 8-10 parts of molybdenum fertilizer and 1-2 parts of oligosaccharide chitosan.
Furthermore, the mixed nutrient is diluted by 1000-2000 times for use.
The monopotassium phosphate, the borax, the zinc fertilizer and the oligosaccharide chitosan in the mixed nutrient can effectively promote the growth and development of the roots of the Chinese torreya trees and quickly recover the growth state after planting.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the organic fertilizer applied in the seedling culture land can effectively promote the growth of the roots of the Chinese torreya seedlings, provide nutrient substances for the seedlings and enable the Chinese torreya seedlings to be more robust. The compound fertilizer is applied before the seedling grafting, so that the root system development of the seedling can be further promoted, and the tree vigor can be enhanced.
According to the invention, through the combination of various technical means such as applying an organic fertilizer before planting and applying a compound fertilizer before grafting, the seedlings with strong disease resistance, strong tree bodies and developed root systems are cultivated. The seedling cultivated by the technology is grafted, so that the problem that the root system is damaged due to grafting of the seedling with a small age can be effectively avoided.
The planting method can effectively solve the problem of damaged root systems of seedlings caused by premature grafting, lead the fruiting time of Chinese torreya planting to be advanced, increase the yield, provide nursery stocks and technical basis for planting and popularizing Chinese torreya and effectively improve the economic benefit of Chinese torreya planting.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus thuringiensis, neutral protease, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus, and cellulase enzymes described in the examples below are all commercially available.
The test area is 30 mu, the soil is sandy loam, and the fertility is moderate.
8 mu is used as a seedling raising field and is divided into 8 cells, the 1 st cell is the seedling raising field of the embodiment 1, the 2 nd cell is the seedling raising field of the embodiment 2, the 3 rd cell is the seedling raising field of the embodiment 3, the 4 th cell is the seedling raising field of the comparative example 1, the 5 th cell is the seedling raising field of the comparative example 2, the 6 th cell is the seedling raising field of the comparative example 3, the 7 th cell is the seedling raising field of the comparative example 4, and the 8 th cell is the seedling raising field of the comparative example 5.
Wherein 16 mu is taken as a planting field and is divided into 8 cells, the 1 st cell is the planting field of the embodiment 1, the 2 nd cell is the seedling raising field of the embodiment 2, the 3 rd cell is the seedling raising field of the embodiment 3, the 4 th cell is the planting field of the comparative example 1, the 5 th cell is the planting field of the comparative example 2, the 6 th cell is the planting field of the comparative example 3, the 7 th cell is the planting field of the comparative example 4, and the 8 th cell is the planting field of the comparative example 5.
The remaining 6 acres were used as guard rows.
Example 1
A Chinese torreya planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer as planting land, deeply ploughing soil, applying 1200kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and uniformly mixing with the soil.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 300 parts of thoroughly decomposed chicken manure, 60 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 100 parts of soybean meal, 40 parts of plant ash, 90 parts of decomposed corn straw, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis and 200 parts of water are uniformly mixed and then stacked, the height and the width of the stack are about 2m, fine soil with the thickness of 4-6 cm is covered outside the stack, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the stack, the stack is turned over after being corroded for 20d, the outer layer is turned over to the inner layer, the inner layer is turned over to the outer layer, and then the stack is continuously covered for 15d to obtain the organic fertilizer.
(2) Accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds: stacking Chinese torreya seeds and sand layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the Chinese torreya seeds is 10cm, the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 5cm, the humidity of the sand is kept at about 60%, and the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃.
(3) Sowing the torreya grandis seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the seedling culture land treated in the step (1), wherein radicles of the seeds are downwards placed in sowing ditches, and the row spacing is 2m and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; after 3 months of sowing, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 500 times, spraying, and carrying out conventional field management; and 3 years after sowing, applying 1kg of compound fertilizer to each plant, and culturing for 3 months to obtain seedlings.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of sodium selenite, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of potassium indolebutyrate, 0.5 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 5 parts of protein enzymolysis liquid to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the protein enzymolysis liquid comprises the following steps: mixing the crushed soybeans, neutral protease and water in a mass ratio of 100: 1: 300, and decomposing for 1h at 40 ℃ to obtain the protein enzymolysis liquid.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 50 parts of wormcast, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of fishbone powder, 2 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of plant ash, 1 part of potassium chloride, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of streptomyces griseus and 3 parts of cellulase to obtain the compound fertilizer.
(4) Grafting: selecting healthy female Chinese torreya branches as scions, grafting by adopting a grafting method of digging cortex lycii radicis, and cultivating for 4 years after grafting to obtain the planting seedlings.
(5) Planting: selecting a land block with the condition of standing on the ground according with the growth of Chinese torreya, preparing soil, deeply turning over the soil, digging planting pits, wherein the distance between the planting pits is 5m multiplied by 4m, 2kg of organic fertilizer in the step (1) is applied to each planting pit, digging the planting seedlings in the step (4), properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings, spraying a certain amount of diluted 1000 mixed nutrient at the roots of the seedlings after trimming, properly spraying a proper amount of nutrient solution to ensure that the roots begin to drip the nutrient solution, covering soil after airing in a shady place for 20min for planting, and carrying out conventional field management.
The preparation method of the mixed nutrient comprises the following steps: 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of borax, 15 parts of zinc fertilizer, 10 parts of molybdenum fertilizer and 2 parts of oligosaccharide chitosan are uniformly mixed to obtain the mixed nutrient.
(6) And performing conventional field management in the 2 nd year after planting.
Example 2
(1) Seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with a deep soil layer as a planting land block, deeply turning over the soil, applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and uniformly mixing with the soil.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 200 parts of thoroughly decomposed chicken manure, 50 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 70 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of plant ash, 80 parts of decomposed corn straw, 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 1 part of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1 part of bacillus thuringiensis and 150 parts of water are uniformly mixed and then stacked, the height and the width of the stack are about 2m, fine soil with the thickness of 4-6 cm is covered outside the stack, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the stack, the stack is turned over after being corroded for 20d, the outer layer is turned over to the inner layer, the inner layer is turned over to the outer layer, and then the stack is continuously covered for 15d to obtain the organic fertilizer.
(2) Accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds: stacking Chinese torreya seeds and sand layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the Chinese torreya seeds is 15cm, the thickness of a sand layer is 7cm, the humidity of the sand is kept at about 60%, and the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃.
(3) Sowing the torreya grandis seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the seedling culture land treated in the step (1), wherein the radicles of the seeds are placed downwards in sowing ditches, the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; after sowing for 2 months, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 1000 times, spraying, and carrying out conventional field management; after 4 years of sowing, 0.5kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for cultivation for 2 months to obtain seedlings.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of sodium selenite, 6 parts of copper sulfate, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of potassium indolebutyrate, 2 parts of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 10 parts of protease hydrolysate are uniformly mixed to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the protein enzymolysis liquid comprises the following steps: mixing the crushed soybeans, neutral protease and water in a mass ratio of 100: 1: 300, and decomposing for 1h at 40 ℃ to obtain the protein enzymolysis liquid.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 60 parts of wormcast, 30 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of fishbone powder, 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2 parts of streptomyces griseus and 4 parts of cellulase to obtain the compound fertilizer.
(4) Grafting: selecting healthy female Chinese torreya branches as scions, grafting by adopting a grafting method of digging cortex lycii radicis, and cultivating for 3 years after grafting to obtain the planting seedlings.
(5) Selecting a land block with the condition of standing on the ground according with the growth of Chinese torreya, preparing soil, deeply ploughing soil, digging planting pits with the distance of 5m multiplied by 4m, applying 2kg of organic fertilizer in the step (1) to each planting pit, digging the planting seedlings in the step (4), properly trimming the root systems of the nursery stocks, spraying a certain amount of diluted 2000 mixed nutrient at the roots of the nursery stocks after trimming, properly spraying the nutrient solution to ensure that the roots begin to drip the nutrient solution, covering soil after airing in a cool place for 20min for planting, and carrying out conventional field management.
The preparation method of the mixed nutrient comprises the following steps: 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of borax, 10 parts of zinc fertilizer, 8 parts of molybdenum fertilizer and 1 part of oligosaccharide chitosan are uniformly mixed to obtain the mixed nutrient.
(6) And performing conventional field management in the 2 nd year after planting.
Example 3
A Chinese torreya planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam soil with a deep soil layer as a planting land block, deeply turning over the soil, applying 1200kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil, and uniformly mixing with the soil.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 300 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 60 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 100 parts of soybean meal, 40 parts of plant ash, 90 parts of decomposed corn straws, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis and 200 parts of water, stacking the mixture to a height of about 2m and a width of about 2m, covering fine soil with a thickness of 4-6 cm outside the stack, arranging a plurality of vent holes in the stack, turning the stack after 20 days of stack decomposition, turning the outer layer to the inner layer, turning the inner layer to the outer layer, and continuously stacking the inner layer for 15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
(2) Accelerating germination of Chinese torreya seeds: stacking Chinese torreya seeds and sand layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the Chinese torreya seeds is 10cm, the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 5cm, the humidity of the sand is kept at about 60%, and the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃.
(3) Sowing the torreya grandis seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the seedling culture land treated in the step (1), wherein the radicles of the seeds are placed downwards in sowing ditches, the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; after 3 months of sowing, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 500 times, spraying, and carrying out conventional field management; and (4) after sowing for 2 years, applying 1kg of compound fertilizer to each plant, and culturing for 3 months to obtain seedlings.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of sodium selenite, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of potassium indolebutyrate, 0.5 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 5 parts of protein enzymatic hydrolysate are uniformly mixed to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the protein enzymolysis liquid comprises the following steps: mixing the crushed soybeans, neutral protease and water in a mass ratio of 100: 1: 300, and decomposing for 1h at 40 ℃ to obtain the protein enzymolysis liquid.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 50 parts of wormcast, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of fishbone powder, 2 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of plant ash, 1 part of potassium chloride, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of streptomyces griseus and 3 parts of cellulase to obtain the compound fertilizer.
(4) Grafting: selecting healthy female Chinese torreya branches as scions, grafting by adopting a grafting method of digging cortex lycii radicis, and cultivating for 2 years after grafting to obtain the planting seedlings.
(5) Planting: selecting a land block with the condition of standing on the ground according with the growth of Chinese torreya, preparing soil, deeply turning over the soil, digging planting pits, wherein the distance between the planting pits is 5m multiplied by 4m, 2kg of organic fertilizer in the step (1) is applied to each planting pit, digging the planting seedlings in the step (4), properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings, spraying a certain amount of diluted 1000 mixed nutrient at the roots of the seedlings after trimming, properly spraying a proper amount of nutrient solution to ensure that the roots begin to drip the nutrient solution, covering soil after airing in a shady place for 20min for planting, and carrying out conventional field management.
The preparation method of the mixed nutrient comprises the following steps: 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of borax, 15 parts of zinc fertilizer, 10 parts of molybdenum fertilizer and 2 parts of oligosaccharide chitosan are uniformly mixed to obtain the mixed nutrient.
(6) And performing conventional field management in the 2 nd year after planting.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 1 is that the organic fertilizer in the step (2) does not contain bacillus subtilis and azotobacter chroococcum.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the step (3) is specifically: sowing the torreya grandis seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the seedling culture land treated in the step (1), putting radicles of the seeds downwards in sowing ditches, performing row spacing of 2m and plant spacing of 1.5m, and performing conventional field management; seeding for 3 years to obtain seedlings.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the mixed nutrient was not sprayed in step (5).
Comparative example 4
(1) Seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer as planting land, deeply ploughing soil, applying 1200kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and uniformly mixing with the soil.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 300 parts of chicken manure, 90 parts of corn straw and 100 parts of water are uniformly mixed and then stacked, the height and the width of the stack are about 2m, fine soil with the thickness of 4-6 cm is covered outside the stack, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the stack, the stack is turned over after 20 days, the outer layer is turned over to the inner layer, the inner layer is turned over to the outer layer, and the stack is continuously covered for 15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
(2) Accelerating germination of Chinese torreya seeds: stacking the torreya grandis seeds and the sand layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the torreya grandis seeds is 10cm, the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 5cm, the humidity of the sand is kept at about 60%, and the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃.
(3) And (2) sowing the torreya grandis seeds after germination acceleration in the seedling culture land treated in the step (1), putting the radicles of the seeds downwards in sowing ditches, performing conventional field management, and culturing for 3 years to obtain seedlings.
(4) Grafting: selecting healthy female Chinese torreya branches as scions, grafting by adopting a cortex lycii radicis digging grafting method, and cultivating for 4 years after grafting to obtain the planting seedlings.
(5) Selecting land blocks with the conditions of vertical land meeting the growth of the Chinese torreya, performing land preparation and deep soil turning, digging planting pits with the distance of 5m multiplied by 4m, applying 2kg of organic fertilizer in the step (1) to each planting pit, digging the planting seedlings in the step (4), properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings, covering soil after trimming for planting, and performing conventional field management.
Comparative example 5
(1) Seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer as planting land, deeply ploughing soil, applying 1200kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and uniformly mixing with the soil.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 300 parts of chicken manure, 90 parts of corn straw and 100 parts of water are uniformly mixed and then stacked, the height and the width are about 2m, fine soil with the thickness of 4-6 cm is covered outside the stack, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the stack, the stack is turned over after 20 days of stack rotting, the outer layer is turned over to the inner layer, the inner layer is turned over to the outer layer, and then the stack is continuously covered for 15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
(2) Accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds: stacking Chinese torreya seeds and sand layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the Chinese torreya seeds is 10cm, the thickness of the sandy soil layer is 5cm, the humidity of the sand is kept at about 60%, and the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃.
(3) And (2) sowing the torreya grandis seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the seedling culture land treated in the step (1), placing the radicles of the seeds downwards in sowing ditches, performing conventional field management, and culturing for 2 years to obtain seedlings.
(4) Grafting: selecting healthy female Chinese torreya branches as scions, grafting by adopting a cortex lycii radicis digging grafting method, and cultivating for 2 years after grafting to obtain the planting seedlings.
(5) Planting: selecting a land block with the condition of standing land according with the growth of Chinese torreya, performing land preparation, deeply ploughing soil, digging planting pits with the distance of 5m multiplied by 4m, applying 2kg of organic fertilizer in the step (1) to each planting pit, digging the planting seedlings in the step (4), properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings, covering soil after trimming for planting, and performing conventional field management.
Effect example 1
The trunk diameters of the torreya grandis trees of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-5 after 8 years from the initiation of germination were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Grouping | Trunk diameter (cm) |
| Example 1 | 8.15 |
| Example 2 | 8.13 |
| Example 3 | 7.91 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.61 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7.45 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7.82 |
| Comparative example 4 | 7.58 |
| Comparative example 5 | 5.28 |
As can be seen from table 1, the planting method of the present invention can effectively promote the growth of torreya grandis, in example 3, the mode of "2 + 2" (seedling cultivation for two years, and cultivation for two years after grafting) is adopted to cultivate the planted seedlings, the growth state of torreya grandis is good, which is almost the same as the mode of "3 + 4" in example 1, and the phenomena that the root of the plant is damaged and the growth of the torreya grandis at the later stage is affected due to the traditional grafting method are overcome.
Effect example 2
The results and fruit yields of the torreya grandis trees of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-5 after several years from the start of grafting were counted and shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, the fruiting time of torreya grandis can be advanced by the planting method of the present invention, and the fruit yield is significantly increased.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A torreya grandis planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling raising land: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer, and applying organic fertilizer;
(2) seedling breeding: accelerating germination of Chinese torreya seeds, sowing the Chinese torreya seeds, and cultivating the Chinese torreya seeds for 3-4 years after sowing to obtain the seedlings;
(3) grafting: grafting the scion on the seedling, and culturing for 3-4 years to obtain a planted seedling;
(4) planting: selecting a land block with the condition of standing land according with the growth of the Chinese torreya, preparing land, digging holes and planting seedlings, applying 2kg of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) to each hole before planting the seedlings, properly trimming the root systems of the seedlings, spraying mixed nutrients diluted by 1000 times to the roots of the seedlings after trimming, properly spraying the mixed nutrients to the roots, and carrying out soil covering and planting after airing in a cool place for 20 min;
(5) in the 2 nd year after planting, carrying out field management according to a conventional mode;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 50-60 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 70-100 parts of soybean meal, 20-40 parts of plant ash, 80-90 parts of decomposed corn straws, 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 1-2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis;
the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 1000-1500 kg/mu;
the cultivation in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: spraying a leaf fertilizer after torreya grandis seeds are sown for 2-3 months, and performing conventional field management; after torreya grandis seeds are sown for 3-4 years, applying a compound fertilizer to cultivate for 2-3 months to obtain the seedlings;
the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of wormcast, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of fishbone powder, 2-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-2 parts of streptomyces griseus and 3-4 parts of cellulase;
the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-6 parts of sodium selenite, 3-6 parts of copper sulfate, 2-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-1 part of potassium indolebutyrate, 0.5-2 parts of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 5-10 parts of protease hydrolysate;
the mixed nutrient in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of borax, 10-15 parts of zinc fertilizer, 8-10 parts of molybdenum fertilizer and 1-2 parts of oligosaccharide chitosan.
2. The torreya planting method according to claim 1, wherein the pregermination in the step (2) specifically comprises: accelerating germination of torreya grandis seeds by adopting a laminated sand storage method, and stacking sand and seeds layer by layer, wherein the stacking thickness of the torreya grandis seeds is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of a sandy soil layer is 5-7 cm.
3. The torreya grandis planting method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the protein enzymolysis solution specifically comprises: and (3) crushing soybeans, adding a neutral protease solution, and decomposing to obtain the protein enzymatic hydrolysate.
4. The torreya grandis planting method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting in step (3) is performed by heart-breaking cutting grafting or bone-bark cutting grafting.
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