CN114094353A - Ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna, which comprises a metal ground plate, wherein a plurality of slots are arranged on the metal ground plate, a linear array is arranged in each slot, the linear array comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of array elements are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the array elements comprise a feed balun structure and an antenna radiation arm, the feed balun structure and the antenna radiation arm are respectively etched on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the antenna radiation arm is connected with a coaxial feeder line through the continuously bent feed balun structure, the feed balun structure and the antenna radiation arm on one side surface of the dielectric substrate are consistent with the feed balun structure and the antenna radiation arm on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate after being turned over for 180 degrees, a plurality of patches are arranged on the antenna radiation arm, and the patches on the antenna radiation arms of two adjacent array elements are overlapped in different surfaces; the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna provided by the invention is easy to design, can simultaneously realize impedance transformation and transformation from unbalanced feed to balanced feed, broadens the working frequency band of the antenna and improves the radiation performance of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra wide band array antennas, and particularly relates to an ultra wide band tightly-coupled array antenna.
Background
In order to actively and greatly reduce the radio frequency front end body of a radio communication system such as radar, communication, remote sensing and the like, an ultra wide band array antenna and a phased array antenna are an important development trend. The ultra-wideband antennas need to meet the requirements of high electromagnetic performance such as multi-beam, large scanning range, high gain or low sidelobe in the ultra-wideband. As a real version of Wheeler current sheet array antenna, a tightly coupled dipole array antenna is a research hotspot in ultra-wideband array antennas. The excellent ultra-wideband performance can integrate a plurality of antennas of the same platform into an ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna, thereby solving the problem of electromagnetic interference among the plurality of antennas of the same platform. The research on the feed balun structure of the tightly coupled array antenna is a key step for realizing excellent electromagnetic performance of the array antenna in an ultra-wide frequency band. The transmission characteristic of the feed balun structure needs to be kept consistent in the whole working frequency band of the array antenna, and the impedance of the feed line input end is gradually transformed into the impedance of the antenna input end so as to reduce the reflection echo and avoid electromagnetic energy loss; meanwhile, the stable transition from the unbalanced feeding mode of the input end feeder to the balanced feeding mode of the two antenna radiation arms is also realized. Besides the feed balun, it is also a technical difficulty to realize strong coupling and tight coupling between the radiating arms of adjacent array elements of the array antenna to widen the frequency band.
The existing literature-searchable ultra-wideband feed structure has a large size and is difficult to realize a small and compact structure; or the structure is complex, the size parameters are numerous, and the rapid optimization is difficult to realize. Due to the reasons, the reflection coefficient of the tightly coupled array antenna at the low-frequency end of the working frequency band is generally larger, usually about-6 dB, so that the antenna is difficult to break through the bottleneck problem of the working frequency band.
In addition, because the radiation performance of the high-frequency end and the low-frequency end of the working frequency band needs to be considered, the space between the antenna array elements cannot be too large. Firstly, the distance is large, grating lobes are easy to generate when the antenna works at a high-frequency end, and secondly, the tight coupling between array elements at the high-frequency end of a working frequency band is difficult to realize. However, if the spacing between the array elements is small, it cannot ensure sufficient capacitive coupling between the array elements at the low frequency end. Finally, the electromagnetic radiation performance of the antenna near the upper and lower limits of the high and low frequency ends of the working frequency band is poor, including directional diagram, gain, side lobe level and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an ultra wide band tightly coupled array antenna which is easy to design, can simultaneously realize impedance transformation and transformation from unbalanced feed to balanced feed, broadens the working frequency band of the antenna and improves the radiation performance of the antenna.
In order to achieve the above object, the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna according to the technical scheme of the present invention includes a metal ground plate, wherein a plurality of slots are formed in the metal ground plate, each slot is internally provided with a linear array, the linear array includes a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of array elements, the array elements include a feeding balun structure and an antenna radiation arm, the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiation arm are respectively etched on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the antenna radiation arm is connected with a coaxial feeder line through the continuously bent feeding balun structure, the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiation arm on one side surface of the dielectric substrate are identical to the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiation arm on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate after being turned over for 180 °, the antenna radiation arm is provided with a plurality of patches, and the patches on the antenna radiation arms of two adjacent array elements are overlapped in a different surface.
Preferably, the feeding balun structure includes an unbalanced end and a balanced end, the coaxial feeder includes a metal inner core wire, a dielectric rod and a metal sheath, which are coaxially disposed from inside to outside, an antenna radiation arm, a bending line of the balanced end and a microstrip line of the unbalanced end, which are disposed on one side surface of the dielectric substrate, are sequentially connected with the metal inner core wire, another antenna radiation arm, another bending line of the balanced end and another microstrip line of the unbalanced end, which are disposed on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate, are sequentially connected with the metal sheath, and the metal sheath is connected with the metal ground plate. Preferably, the balance end comprises a plurality of sections of bending lines which are connected in sequence, each section of bending line comprises a parallel microstrip line which is parallel to the unbalanced end, two ends of the parallel microstrip line are respectively connected with a first inclined microstrip line and a second inclined microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are splayed, and the plurality of sections of bending lines are connected in sequence through the adjacent first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line.
Preferably, the included angle between the first inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line is the same as the included angle between the second inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line, and is 30-60 degrees.
Preferably, the size of the multiple sections of the bending lines gradually increases from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm.
Preferably, the orthogonal projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the positions in the multiple sections of the bending lines is sequentially increased in an equal difference manner from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm.
Preferably, the patches are all elliptical and comprise a first patch, a second patch and a third patch, wherein the long axis of the first patch is 2-3 mm, the short axis of the first patch is 1-2 mm, the long axis of the second patch is 3-5 mm, the short axis of the second patch is 2-3 mm, the long axis of the third patch is 2-3 mm, and the short axis of the third patch is 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent array elements 1.1.4 and 1.1.5 is 6-8 mm.
Preferably, the length of the metal grounding plate is 120-150 mm, the width is 120-150 mm, the thickness is 5-10 mm, and the length of the groove is 110-120 mm; the width is 5-10 mm, the depth is the same as the thickness of the metal grounding plate, and the long edge of the groove is parallel to the long edge of the metal grounding plate.
Preferably, the coaxial feeder line adopts a 50 ohm microstrip line, and the length of the parallel microstrip line is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the lengths of the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are equal and are both 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the line widths of the parallel microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are all 0.2-0.5 mm.
The ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna has the beneficial effects that the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna can realize high-performance electromagnetic radiation in an ultra-wideband from 4GHz to 18GHz by utilizing the continuously bent compact Z-shaped feed balun structure. In the radio communication systems such as radar, communication and remote sensing with limited platform space, the array antenna has wide application prospect; the structure has a feed balun structure which can simultaneously realize impedance transformation and transformation from unbalanced feed to balanced feed, and is easy to design; in addition, the tight coupling radiation arm of the antenna is subjected to capacitive loading design, and a patch is added, so that the capacitance is larger, the working frequency band of the antenna can be further widened, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved; the active reflection coefficient of the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna based on the feed technology and the radiation arm capacitive loading technology is less than-10 dB in the whole working frequency band, and the antenna is a good choice for a phased array antenna.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. The following drawings are only examples of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Fig. 1 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an array antenna composed of twelve linear arrays 1.1-1.12 with consistent structure sizes and a metal grounding plate 2; each linear array 1.1-1.12 is correspondingly inserted into a groove 2.1-2.12 of the metal grounding plate 2; in this figure, partial linear arrays 1.1 and 1.12 are shown, and each linear array shows only three array element structures. All dielectric substrates such as dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are hidden from view in order to show the structure clearly.
Fig. 2 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a linear array 1.1 composed of a fourth array element 1.1.4, a fifth array element 1.1.5 and a sixth array element 1.1.6 on a dielectric substrate 1.1.0; wherein, three elliptic patches on the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2.1 on the fifth array element 1.1.5 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are superposed with three patches on the antenna radiation arm on the fourth array element 1.1.4 on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 in a different plane.
Fig. 3 shows a single array element structure 1.1.5 formed by assembling a feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1, an antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2 and a coaxial feed line 1.1.5.3 on a dielectric substrate 1.1.0 according to the present invention; wherein, the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2.1, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 and the metal inner core wire 1.1.5.3.1 which are arranged on one side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are connected in sequence; the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, the balanced terminal 1.1.5.1.2.2, the unbalanced terminal 1.1.5.1.2.1, and the metal sheath 1.1.5.3.3, which are disposed on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0, are connected to the metal ground plate 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial feed line 1.1.5.3 for feeding an antenna element according to the present invention, including a metal inner core wire 1.1.5.3.1, a dielectric rod 1.1.5.3.2, and a metal outer sheath 1.1.5.3.3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2 of a single element of the present invention, which includes a first antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 and a second antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2 etched on both sides of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0, respectively.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the first antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 and the second antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, and the first antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 and the second antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2 are each loaded with a capacitive first elliptical patch 1.1.5.2.1.1 and 1.1.5.2.2.1, a second elliptical patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 and 1.1.5.2.2.2, and a third elliptical patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 and 1.1.5.2.2.3, and the outlines of the six elliptical patches are shown by dotted lines.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single continuously meandering feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 in accordance with the present invention; wherein, the first feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1.1 is etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0; the second feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1.2 is etched on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1.1 and the second feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1.2; the first feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1.1 includes an unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 and a balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2; the zigzag feed balun 1.1.5.1.2 includes an unbalanced terminal 1.1.5.1.2.1 and a balanced terminal 1.1.5.1.2.2.
Fig. 9 is a simulation result of the active reflection coefficient obtained by simulating the line array 1.1. It can be seen from the figure that the active reflection coefficient of all ports is less than-10 dB in the frequency band from 4GHz to 18 GHz.
Fig. 10 is a line pattern at 4GHz, which is seen to have a gain of 5.1dBi and weak directivity.
Fig. 11 is the line pattern at 8GHz, where it can be seen that the gain is 8.5dBi, and the directivity is better than 4 GHz.
Figure 12 is a line pattern at 15GHz with a gain of 11.62dBi, with energy concentrated primarily in the middle region of the fan beam.
Figure 13 is the line pattern at 18GHz with a gain of 13.5 dBi. Compared with other working frequency points, on the frequency point, the fan-shaped beam has the narrowest beam, the highest resolution and the strongest directivity in the x-axis direction.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 1-13, the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna provided in this embodiment includes a metal ground plate 2, a plurality of slots 2.1 are arranged on the metal grounding plate 2, a linear array 1.1 is arranged in each slot 2.1, the linear array 1.1 comprises a dielectric substrate 1.1.0, a plurality of array elements 1.1.5 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 1.1.0, the array element 1.1.5 comprises a feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 and an antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2 etched on both sides of a dielectric substrate 1.1.0 respectively, the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2 is connected with a coaxial feeder 1.1.5.3 through a continuously bent compact zigzag feed balun structure 1.1.5.1, the feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 and the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2 on one side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are consistent with the feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 and the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2 on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 after being turned 180 degrees, and a plurality of patches are arranged on the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2, and the patches on the antenna radiation arms of two adjacent array elements are overlapped in different surfaces.
In the embodiment, the array antenna comprises twelve linear arrays 1.1-1.12 with consistent structure size and a metal grounding plate 2; taking the linear array 1.1 as an example, the linear array 1.1 comprises a dielectric substrate 1.1.0 made of a non-conductive material and twelve antenna array elements 1.1.1-1.1.12; the thickness of the non-conductive material of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 is 0.2-1 mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2-3, and the dielectric loss angle is 0.0004-0.001. The antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2 and the feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1 on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 can be any one of gold foil, silver foil or copper foil with the thickness of 0.017-0.035 mm.
By adjusting the orthographic projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines in the multi-section continuous bent line, the orthogonal projection distance is gradually increased from the unbalanced end to the antenna radiation arm direction, and the ultra-wideband impedance transformation can be realized by the technology, namely, the ultra-wideband impedance transformation is gradually transformed from the 50 ohm characteristic impedance of a standard coaxial feeder line to the port impedance close to 200 ohm at the input end of the antenna radiation arm; the standard coaxial feeder line with the unbalanced feed structure is connected with the antenna radiation arm which needs to carry out balanced feed by a multi-section continuous bending line, so that the feed technology of changing from the unbalanced feed structure to the balanced feed structure can be realized; the continuous bent compact Z-shaped feed balun structure utilizes the two technologies to feed the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna, so that the array antenna can realize high-performance electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-wideband from 4GHz to 18 GHz. In the radio communication systems such as radar, communication and remote sensing with limited platform space, the array antenna has wide application prospect; in addition, the compact Z-shaped feed balun with continuous bending has simple structure and appearance and is easy to design; meanwhile, the capacitive loading design is carried out on the tightly coupled radiation arm of the array antenna, and the elliptical patch is added, so that the capacitance is larger, the working frequency range of the antenna can be further widened, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved; the active reflection coefficient of the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna based on the novel feed technology and the radiation arm capacitive loading technology is less than-10 dB in the whole working frequency band, and the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna is a good choice for a phased array antenna.
More specifically, the feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1 includes unbalanced ends 1.1.5.1.1.1 and 1.1.5.1.2.1, balanced ends 1.1.5.1.1.2, and 1.1.5.1.2.2, the coaxial feeder 1.1.5.3 includes a metal inner core wire 1.1.5.3.1, a dielectric rod 1.1.5.3.2, and a metal outer skin 1.1.5.3.3, which are coaxially disposed from inside to outside, the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1, and the metal inner core wire 1.1.5.3.1 are sequentially connected, and the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.2.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.2.1, the metal outer skin 1.1.5.3.3, and the metal ground plate 2 are connected; the standard coaxial feeder line with unbalanced feed structure is connected with the antenna radiation arm which needs to be fed in balance by multi-section continuous bending line, so that the feed technology of changing from unbalanced feed structure to balanced feed structure can be realized.
More specifically, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2 includes a plurality of sections of bending lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 connected in sequence, each section of the bending line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 includes a parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 parallel to the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1, two ends of the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 are respectively connected to a first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and a second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3, the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 are splayed, and the plurality of sections of the bending lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 are connected in sequence through a first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and a second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 which are adjacent to each other.
In this embodiment, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2 includes 6-8 bends, and taking the fourth bend 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 of the feeding balun as an example, the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 of the fourth bend is connected to the first inclined microstrip line of the fifth bend, and the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 of the fourth bend is connected to the second inclined microstrip line of the third bend; the length of the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the lengths of the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 are equal, and are both 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the line widths of the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2, the first oblique microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the second oblique microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 are all 0.2 mm-0.5 mm.
More specifically, the angle between the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 is the same as the angle between the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 and the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2, and both are 30-60 °. Therefore, the original parallel microstrip line can be changed into a bent microstrip line, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is increased.
More specifically, the size of the multiple bends gradually increases from unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 to antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1.
More specifically, the orthogonal projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 corresponding to the positions in the multiple sections of the bending lines is sequentially increased in an equal difference manner from the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 to the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2; the orthographic projection distance between two corresponding parallel microstrip lines on a first section of bent line on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 is L, the orthographic projection distance between two corresponding parallel microstrip lines on a second section of bent line on the two side surfaces is L + d, the orthographic projection distance between two corresponding parallel microstrip lines on a third section of bent line on the two side surfaces is L +2d, the orthographic projection distance between two corresponding parallel microstrip lines on an Nth section of bent line on the two side surfaces is L + Nd, in the embodiment, the tolerance d is 0.1-0.3 mm, the structure is simple, and the design is easy. The technology of sequentially increasing the orthographic projection distance between the two parallel microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 in an equal difference mode enables the characteristic impedance of the whole structure to be gradually increased from the unbalanced end to the antenna radiation arm, and therefore ultra-wideband impedance transformation is achieved. The continuous bent compact Z-shaped feed balun structure utilizes the two technologies to feed the ultra-wideband tightly-coupled array antenna, so that the array antenna can realize high-performance electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-wideband from 4GHz to 18 GHz.
More specifically, the patches are all oval and include a first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1, a second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2, and a third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3, the first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1 has a major axis of 2-3 mm and a minor axis of 1-2 mm, the second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 has a major axis of 3-5 mm and a minor axis of 2-3 mm, and the third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 has a major axis of 2-3 mm and a minor axis of 1-2 mm; as shown in fig. 6, the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2.1 has a 1/4 elliptical shape, three patches are loaded on the long axis side of the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2.1, the width of the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2.1 in the horizontal direction is 4 mm to 6 mm, the length of the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2.1 in the vertical direction is 4 mm to 8 mm, and the first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1, the second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2, and the third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 are disposed from top to bottom; the first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1 is located at the upper end of the long side, the second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 is located at the midpoint of the long side, and the third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 is located at the lower end of the long side. By means of capacitive loading design of the tightly coupled radiation arms of the array antenna, the elliptical patch is added, so that the capacitance is larger, the working frequency range of the antenna can be further widened, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved.
More specifically, the distance between two adjacent array elements 1.1.5 and 1.1.4 is 6-8 mm, and the distance between two adjacent linear arrays is the same as the distance between the array elements, i.e. the distance between the array element 1.1.5 on the linear array 1.1 and the array element 2.1.5 on the linear array 2.1 is 6-8 mm.
More specifically, the length of the metal ground plate 2 is 150 millimeters, the width is 150 millimeters, the thickness is 5-10 millimeters, and the length of the groove 2.1 is 120 millimeters; the width is 5-10 mm, and the depth is the same as the thickness of the metal grounding plate 2; the slots 2.1-2.12 are used to prevent all the same structures as the unbalanced terminal 1.1.5.1.1.1 of the zigzag feed balun 1.1.5.1 and the inner core wire 1.1.5.3.1 of the coaxial feed line 1.1.5.3 from contacting the metal ground plate 2, causing a short circuit.
More specifically, the coaxial feed line 1.1.5.3 has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a metal ground plate, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in the metal ground plate, a linear array is arranged in each groove and comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of array elements are arranged on the dielectric substrate and comprise a feed balun structure and an antenna radiation arm which are etched on two side faces of the dielectric substrate respectively, the antenna radiation arm is connected with a coaxial feeder through the continuously bent feed balun structure, the feed balun structure and the antenna radiation arm on one side face of the dielectric substrate are consistent with the feed balun structure and the antenna radiation arm on the other side face of the dielectric substrate after being turned over for 180 degrees, a plurality of patches are arranged on the antenna radiation arm, and patches on the antenna radiation arms of two adjacent array elements are overlapped in a different surface mode.
2. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the coaxial feeder comprises a metal inner core wire, a dielectric rod and a metal outer skin which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, the antenna radiation arm, the balanced end, the unbalanced end and the coaxial line metal inner core wire which are arranged on the same side face of the dielectric substrate are sequentially connected, and the antenna radiation arm, the balanced end, the unbalanced end and the coaxial line metal outer skin which are arranged on the other side face of the dielectric substrate are connected with the metal ground plate.
3. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the bending device comprises a balance end and a plurality of bending ends, wherein the balance end comprises a plurality of sections of bending lines which are connected in sequence, each section of bending line comprises a parallel microstrip line which is parallel to the unbalanced end, two ends of each parallel microstrip line are respectively connected with a first inclined microstrip line and a second inclined microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are splayed, and the plurality of sections of bending lines are connected in sequence through the adjacent first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line.
4. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the first inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line is the same as that between the second inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line, and the included angles are both 30-60 degrees.
5. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the size of the multiple sections of the bending lines gradually increases from the unbalanced end to the antenna radiation arm.
6. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the orthographic projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the positions in the multi-section bending lines is sequentially increased in an equidifferent mode from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm.
7. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the patches are all oval and comprise a first patch, a second patch and a third patch, wherein the long axis of the first patch is 2-3 mm, the short axis of the first patch is 1-2 mm, the long axis of the second patch is 3-5 mm, the short axis of the second patch is 2-3 mm, the long axis of the third patch is 2-3 mm, and the short axis of the third patch is 1-2 mm.
8. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent array elements is 6-8 mm.
9. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length of the metal grounding plate is 150 millimeters along 120-150 millimeters, the width of the metal grounding plate is 150 millimeters along 120-10 millimeters, the thickness of the metal grounding plate is 5-10 millimeters, and the length of the groove is 120 millimeters along 110-120 millimeters; the width is 5-10 mm, the depth is the same as the thickness of the metal grounding plate, and the long edge of the slot is parallel to the long edge of the metal grounding plate.
10. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the coaxial feeder line adopts a 50 ohm microstrip line, and the length of the parallel microstrip line is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the lengths of the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are equal and are both 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the line widths of the parallel microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are all 0.2-0.5 mm.
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