CN113871865A - Low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna and application - Google Patents
Low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarization phased array antenna and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased-array antennas, and discloses a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased-array antenna and application thereof, wherein the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased-array antenna comprises a dual-polarized dipole planar array, a metal bottom plate and a planar printing super surface; the dual-polarized dipole planar array is placed between the metal bottom plate and the planar printing super surface; the metal base plate is parallel to the planar printing super surface. The phased array antenna provided by the invention is based on the tight coupling effect, realizes the ultra-wideband characteristic which is not possessed by the traditional phased array antenna by using the coupling between the non-inhibition units, and can effectively inhibit the grating lobe problem of the traditional phased array antenna; on the basis of a tightly coupled array antenna, an integrated Marchand balun and a planar printing super surface are introduced, the bandwidth and the scanning angle range of the phased array antenna are further expanded, and the section height of the antenna is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and particularly relates to a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna and application thereof.
Background
Currently, with the development of wireless systems, the requirements for antenna technology are higher and higher, and in some application occasions, the radiation pattern of the antenna needs to have a specific shape such as a shaped beam, a multi-beam, a scanning beam, and the like. Phased array antennas obtain a flexible and controllable radiation pattern by changing the feeding phase of the array elements, and thus are widely used in radar, communication, navigation, electronic warfare and other systems. The broadband phased array antenna is becoming an important technical trend due to the potential of improving system performance (such as high-resolution imaging, high-data-rate communication, broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing and the like) or realizing multifunctional integration. On the other hand, in some special carrier platforms, the antenna is required to be conformal to the carrier or have a low profile, which also presents new challenges to the antenna design. In addition, the dual-polarized antenna can also improve system performance, such as expanding channel capacity of a communication system, improving detection probability of a radar system on a target, and the like, so that the antenna is required to have dual-polarized radiation characteristics in some application scenarios.
The conventional phased array antenna usually adopts a technical approach of a broadband array unit array to realize broadband work, but the antenna performance is deteriorated due to mutual coupling between antenna array elements, so that the spacing between the array elements is not required to be too small in order to reduce the coupling. On the other hand, there is an upper limit to the array element spacing in order to avoid grating lobes. For example, in some scenarios, the main beam of the antenna is required to be scanned in any angle of the whole first half airspace without grating lobes, and at this time, the distance between the array elements is required to be not more than half wavelength in the whole working frequency band, and the coupling between the array elements is strong, so that the working bandwidth of the conventional phased array antenna is greatly limited, especially under the condition of wide-angle large-airspace beam scanning.
A connected electric dipole array antenna and a long seam array antenna (equivalently, a connected magnetic dipole array antenna) based on a Wheeler continuous current sheet model have the characteristic of ultra wide band in free space radiation, but low-frequency impedance matching is seriously influenced when the connected electric dipole array antenna and the long seam array antenna are placed in front of a metal reflecting plate to realize unidirectional radiation, and generally, the bandwidth of not more than 4 octaves can be realized. As one type of end-fire surface wave antenna, a tapered slot line array antenna can realize a bandwidth of 10 octaves by controlling the propagation characteristics of a surface wave in a tapered slot by changing the structural size of a cell, and further affecting the characteristics such as the bandwidth of the antenna, but generally has a high profile height.
The tightly coupled array antenna is another low-profile broadband array antenna developed on the basis of the Wheeler continuous current sheet model, and can be regarded as a unidirectional radiation dipole array antenna with adjacent units connected through capacitive coupling. Because the dipole presents a strong inductance effect at low frequency when the distance between the dipole and the metal reflecting plate is small, the strong capacitance coupling effect at the tail end of the adjacent dipole unit is utilized to offset, the low-frequency impedance matching condition is improved, and the working bandwidth is widened. When setting up reasonable feed phase place to different antenna array elements, can also change the biggest radiation direction of antenna and then realize the beam scanning, and the antenna array element appears weak directionality and the strong cross coupling between the array element helps widening scanning angle when the low frequency. Therefore, the phased array antenna based on the close coupling effect has the characteristics of a low profile, a wide frequency band, and a wide angle scan. In order to further improve the impedance matching condition of the tightly coupled array antenna in the broadband during beam scanning, a wide-angle impedance matching layer is generally loaded on the dipole. The traditional form of the wide-angle impedance matching layer is a single-layer or multi-layer dielectric plate, but the thickness of the pure-dielectric wide-angle impedance matching layer is required to be one quarter of the wavelength of a medium corresponding to the central frequency point of a working frequency band, so that the antenna is difficult to process due to overlarge thickness when the working frequency is low, or the integral section of the antenna is too high, or surface waves can be excited during large-angle scanning to influence impedance matching and radiation characteristics, so that a scanning blind area is caused.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing phased array antenna technology is difficult to realize dual polarization, broadband and wide-angle scanning simultaneously under the condition of compact size, so that the application scene or the system performance is limited, for example, the traditional phased array antenna can not realize multifunctional fusion (integration of detection, interference, detection, communication and the like) under the condition of single radiation aperture, the satellite-borne antenna has extremely strict requirements on the size (the transverse size and the section height of the radiation aperture) and the weight, and the like.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the wide-angle impedance matching layer in the form of a pure medium requires that the thickness is one quarter of the medium wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point of the working frequency band, so that the antenna is difficult to process due to overlarge thickness or causes an overhigh integral section of the antenna when the working frequency is low, or surface waves can be excited during large-angle scanning to influence impedance matching and radiation characteristics, thereby causing a scanning blind area.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the bandwidth and the scanning angle range of the phased array antenna are expanded, the section height of the antenna is reduced, dual-polarization radiation can be realized, and the structure is compact due to the adoption of an orthogonal nested mode.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna and application thereof.
The invention is realized in this way, a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna includes:
the planar array comprises a dual-polarized dipole planar array, a metal bottom plate and a planar printing super surface.
The dual-polarized dipole planar array is placed between the metal bottom plate and the planar printing super surface; the metal bottom plate is parallel to the plane printing super surface;
further, the dual-polarized dipole planar array is composed of two single-polarized dipole planar arrays which are mutually orthogonally nested;
furthermore, each single-polarized dipole planar array is composed of N single-polarized dipole linear arrays which are arranged in parallel;
further, each single-polarized dipole linear array is printed on a dielectric substrate perpendicular to the metal base plate and comprises N tightly-coupled dipole units and two edge extension parts, so that each single-polarized dipole planar array comprises NxN tightly-coupled dipole units arranged according to a rectangular grid and 2N edge extension parts;
furthermore, the edge extension part of the single-polarized dipole linear array is printed on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate and consists of a rectangular section with a cutting groove at the tail end and a trapezoidal section, and the rectangular section of the edge extension part and the coupling patch printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate have an overlapping area.
The tightly coupled dipole unit comprises an excitation dipole, an integrated Marchand balun, a parasitic dipole and a coupling patch;
further, the excitation dipole is printed on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate, the two arms of the excitation dipole are separated, and each arm is composed of a semicircular starting section and a rectangular section with a notch at the tail end; the signal layer and the floor layer of the integrated Marchand balun are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the medium substrate, and the floor layer is connected with the two arms of the exciting dipole so as to provide feed for the exciting dipole; the parasitic dipole is in a rectangular strip shape, is printed above the exciting dipole and is parallel to the exciting dipole; the coupling patches are rectangular sheets with grooves cut in the centers and printed on the front surface of the medium substrate, and the coupling patches are positioned in the centers of the tail ends of the adjacent exciting dipoles and have overlapping areas with the exciting dipoles;
furthermore, the signal layer of the integrated Marchand balun consists of a bent stepped impedance conversion section, an impedance conversion section with a fixed line width and an open-circuit branch, wherein the open-circuit branch comprises a trapezoidal section and a rectangular section with cut corners; the integrated Marchand balun floor layer consists of a floor area, a short circuit branch area, a balun transformation area and an output feed point;
further, the output feeding points comprise two groups and are symmetrically connected with the excitation dipoles; the balun transformation area is etched with a plurality of gaps with gradually changing widths so as to improve the impedance transformation effect of the integrated Marchand balun on the tightly coupled dipole unit.
The planar printed super surface is used for improving the impedance matching condition of the phased array antenna during wide-angle scanning, and is formed by a square ring patch array printed on the single surface of a dielectric substrate, wherein the array is arranged in a rectangular period, and the period of the array is obviously smaller than the arrangement period of the tightly coupled dipole units.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the low-profile wide-band wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna in radar, communication, navigation and electronic warfare systems.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the phased array antenna is based on the tightly coupled array antenna, the ultra-wide impedance bandwidth which is not possessed by the traditional phased array antenna is realized by utilizing the coupling between non-inhibition units, and the grating lobe problem of the traditional phased array antenna can be effectively inhibited.
The integrated Marchand balun can counteract the impedance inductive part of the tightly coupled dipole unit in the low-frequency region of the working frequency of the phased-array antenna, so that a working frequency band which is wider than that of the tightly coupled dipole unit or the Marchand balun when the tightly coupled dipole unit or the Marchand balun works independently is obtained under the condition that the size is limited; the balun transformation area of the integrated Marchand balun adopts a mode of etching a gap, so that the impedance transformation effect of the balun on a tightly coupled dipole unit is improved, and the requirement of realizing a high-impedance microstrip line on the processing precision is lowered; the integrated Marchand balun is beneficial to improving the impedance matching condition of the phased-array antenna in an ultra-wide frequency band by adopting a mode that two groups of output feed points are connected with an excitation dipole.
The super-surface and parasitic dipoles are used for improving the impedance matching condition of the phased-array antenna during wide-angle scanning, the section of the antenna is further reduced by adopting a plane printing structure, and the problem that the impedance matching is deteriorated due to surface waves possibly occurring on a pure-medium wide-angle impedance matching layer in the traditional mode is solved.
The phased array antenna can realize dual-polarization work, and the dual-polarization dipole planar array adopts an orthogonal nesting form and has a compact structure. The tightly coupled dipole units and the integrated Marchand balun are printed on the same single-layer medium substrate by the single-polarized dipole linear arrays forming the dual-polarized dipole planar array, so that the problem of welding and assembling of a discrete design is solved, and the processing cost is reduced compared with a multi-layer printed structure.
The phased array antenna introduces the integrated Marchand balun and the planar printing super surface on the basis of the tightly coupled array antenna, expands the bandwidth and the scanning angle range of the phased array antenna, and reduces the section height of the antenna. In addition, the phased array antenna can realize dual-polarization radiation, adopts an orthogonal nested form, and has a compact structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of a structural model of an infinite periodic tightly coupled array antenna placed on a metal substrate.
Fig. 1b is an array element equivalent circuit model of an infinite period tightly coupled array antenna placed on a metal substrate.
Fig. 2 is an array element equivalent circuit model of an infinite period tightly coupled array antenna including an integrated Marchand balun and a wide angle impedance matching layer on a metal substrate.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein FIG. 3a is a 3D exploded view; FIG. 3b is a front view; fig. 3c is a left side view.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a metal base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a planar printing super surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an x-polarized dipole linear array provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein FIG. 6a is a front view; fig. 6b is a rear view.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a y-polarized dipole linear array provided by the embodiment of the invention. Wherein FIG. 7a is a front view; fig. 7b is a rear view.
Fig. 8 is an active voltage standing wave ratio curve diagram of an infinite period model of a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of active voltage standing wave ratio of a central unit of a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an axial gain curve diagram of a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a directional diagram of a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the E-plane scans at 45 °. Where FIG. 11a corresponds to 2 GHz; FIG. 11b corresponds to 6 GHz; FIG. 11c corresponds to 8 GHz; FIG. 11d corresponds to 12 GHz.
Fig. 12 is a directional diagram of a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the H-plane scans at 45 °. Where FIG. 12a corresponds to 2 GHz; FIG. 12b corresponds to 6 GHz; FIG. 12c corresponds to 8 GHz; fig. 12d corresponds to 12 GHz.
Fig. 13 is a directional diagram of a low-profile wide-band wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna when the D-plane scans at 45 °. Where FIG. 13a corresponds to 2 GHz; FIG. 13b corresponds to 6 GHz; FIG. 13c corresponds to 8 GHz; fig. 13d corresponds to 12 GHz.
In the figure: 1. a metal base plate; 2. a planar array of dipoles; 3. flat printing the super surface; 11. a metal backplane gap; 20. a dielectric substrate of a dipole planar array; 21. an edge extension of the planar array of dipoles; 22-1, an integrated Marchand balun signal layer of the close-coupled dipole unit; 22-2, an integrated Marchand balun floor layer of the close-coupled dipole unit; 22-3, forming an integrated Marchand balun interlayer metal through hole of the tightly coupled dipole unit; 23. an excited dipole of the close-coupled dipole unit; 24. a coupling patch of a tightly coupled dipole unit; 25. a parasitic dipole of the close-coupled dipole unit; 30. printing a dielectric substrate with a super surface in a plane mode; 31. and flat printing the square annular unit of the super surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Different from the traditional array antenna, the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by the invention is based on the tight coupling effect, and the working principle is as follows:
the radiation main body of the phased array antenna provided by the invention is a dipole plane array. If the planar array of dipoles is organized in a conventional manner, the spacing between the elements is typically greater than half a wavelength and the array is approximately one quarter wavelength from the metal substrate. When the array element spacing is reduced, the mutual coupling between adjacent array elements is sharpImpedance mismatch and scanning blind areas are increased; when the distance from the dipole planar array to the metal base plate is small, the equivalent mirror current on the metal base plate is offset with the far-zone radiation field of the original dipole planar array, so that the radiation efficiency is seriously deteriorated, the array elements of the dipole planar array can be considered to be short-circuited by the metal base plate from the angle of the tangential equivalent network model, and the input impedance of the array elements is approximately strong inductive pure reactance and is seriously mismatched. In order to ensure that good impedance matching and effective radiation can be realized when the distance between the dipole plane array and the metal base plate is small, the phased array antenna provided by the invention adopts a tight coupling mode to form the array, namely the array elements are small in distance and not connected with each other, and the strong capacitive coupling between the adjacent array elements introduces capacitive reactance components into the input impedance of the array elements at the moment, so that the inductive reactance in the input impedance of the original array elements is compensated, and the impedance matching is obviously improved. For a tightly coupled dipole planar array with infinite period in a free space (without a metal bottom plate), analysis can be performed by using a Wheeler continuous current sheet model, at the moment, array elements can be equivalently placed in a virtual waveguide, and when proper feed phases are excited for the array elements to enable the array to scan beams on an E surface and an H surface, the characteristic impedance of the virtual waveguide is respectively
And
wherein is
dEAnd dHThe unit spacing of the array elements along the E surface and the H surface respectively,
θ is the scan angle for free-space wave impedance. When an infinite-period tightly-coupled dipole planar array is placed above a metal floor with a small pitch, its model and equivalent circuit schematic diagrams are shown in fig. 1a and 1b, respectively. L in the figuredAnd CdEquivalent inductance of dipole arms and coupling between adjacent array elementsEquivalent capacitance, the dipole plane array radiates to the upper half space and the corresponding length of the lower half space is h0(the distance from the dipole plane array to the metal floor) and short-circuited terminal, "virtual waveguide", the capacitive reactance equivalent to the strong coupling between the adjacent array elements compensates the strong inductive reactance presented by the short-circuited "virtual waveguide" and the equivalent inductance of the dipole arm, thereby significantly improving the impedance matching condition at low frequency.
In order to provide balanced feeding and impedance transformation in a wide band for the array elements of the tightly coupled dipole planar array, some kind of wide-band balun structure is generally required. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by the invention adopts the integrated Marchand balun, and is different from the conventional Marchand balun in that the inductive reactance of a tightly coupled dipole is compensated by utilizing the capacitive reactance of the Marchand balun at low frequency, so that the integrated Marchand balun and the tightly coupled dipole unit can obtain a bandwidth wider than that of the Marchand balun when the Marchand balun and the tightly coupled dipole unit work independently when combined together, and the whole bandwidth of the antenna unit is expanded under the condition of limited size. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a tightly coupled dipole planar array comprising an integrated Marchand balun, where Z isbalAnd ZTCDARespectively, the input impedance, Z, from the feeding point of the array element tightly coupled dipole to the excitation end and the tightly coupled dipole armfeedCharacteristic impedance of transmission line at excitation end of array element, ZocAnd locCharacteristic impedance and length, Z, of an open-circuit branch of an integrated Marchand balunscAnd lscThe characteristic impedance and length of the short-circuit branch of the integrated Marchand balun. In the equivalent circuit diagram shown in fig. 2, Z issupAnd hsupRepresenting a planar array of tightly coupled dipoles loaded with a dielectric coating, ZsubAnd hsubThe presence of a dielectric between the tightly coupled dipole planar array and the metal floor is considered.
When a dielectric covering layer is loaded on the top of the planar array of tightly coupled dipoles, it can be known from the analysis of the equivalent circuit diagram shown in fig. 2 that the influence of the dielectric covering layer on the input reactance of the tightly coupled dipole unit is just opposite to the influence of the metal base plate, so that the loading of the dielectric covering layer can partially compensate the influence of the metal base plate on the input reactance of the tightly coupled dipole unit, thereby further widening the bandwidth. In addition, the dielectric covering layer is loaded above the tightly coupled dipole planar array, so that the change of the characteristic impedance of the equivalent transmission line along with the scanning angle of the phased array antenna during beam scanning is reduced, namely the scanning angle of the phased array antenna is expanded. However, the loaded dielectric covering layer requires that the thickness of the dielectric covering layer is one quarter of the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point of the working frequency band to be used as an ideal wide-angle impedance matching layer, so that the thickness is too large when the working frequency is low, the processing is not easy, the overall section of the phased array antenna is too high, or surface waves can be excited during large-angle scanning to influence impedance matching and radiation characteristics, thereby causing a scanning blind area. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by the invention adopts a plane printing super surface loaded above a tightly coupled dipole plane array. The equivalent dielectric constant of the super-surface can be inverted by using scattering parameters of the super-surface, so that the plane printed super-surface with the very thin thickness can also be used as a wide-angle impedance matching layer of the phased array antenna, surface waves can be prevented from being excited, and the whole section of the phased array antenna is favorably reduced.
The following describes a low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by the present invention in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The array element of the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased-array antenna adopts a tightly-coupled dipole with a planar printing structure, and comprises a group of excitation dipoles and a group of parasitic dipoles, wherein two arms of the excitation dipoles are respectively connected with two groups of symmetrical output feed points of an integrated Marchand balun, and the parasitic dipoles are positioned above the excitation dipoles and are used for improving the impedance matching of the tightly-coupled dipoles in a broadband. Array element spacing dEAnd dHEqual and less than half wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency, and utilizes the coupling patch with the overlapped area of the excitation dipole arms of the adjacent array elements to enhance the capacitive coupling between the adjacent array elements. As can be seen from the foregoing operating principles, in free space (without metal)Bottom plate) of the tightly coupled dipole planar array, the characteristic impedances of the equivalent transmission lines are respectively equal to
And
wherein is Z0＝377Ω(dE＝dH). Considering the two-way radiation, the real part of the input impedance at the feeding point of the array element tightly coupled dipole is Z0/2. Therefore, when an infinite period tightly coupled dipole planar array is placed above a metal floor with a small pitch, referring to the array element equivalent circuit model shown in fig. 1b, the tightly coupled dipole input impedance ZTCDAIs still Z in real part0/2. In order to realize balanced feeding and impedance transformation of the tightly coupled dipole in a wide band, the input impedance of the tightly coupled dipole needs to be transformed to system impedance by using a wide-band balun. In order to realize common-caliber dual-polarized radiation, the excitation dipole, the coupling patch and the corresponding dielectric substrate area are subjected to grooving treatment.
For the integrated Marchand balun adopted by the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased-array antenna provided by the invention, referring to an equivalent circuit model shown in fig. 2, an array element excitation end transmission line is a 50-ohm microstrip transmission line with unbalanced feed, an open-circuit branch and a short-circuit branch are parallel double lines with short circuit at a terminal and a microstrip transmission line with an open circuit at a terminal respectively, and the parallel double lines are used as floors of the excitation end microstrip transmission line and the microstrip transmission line open-circuit branch simultaneously. Step transformation of the transmission line at the excitation end from the system impedance (50 ohm) to Z0188 Ω, considering that the tightly coupled dipoles are planar printed structures, the dielectric loading effect will be reduced. The impedance step transformation of the exciting end transmission line is realized in different modes above and below the metal base plate, i.e. the lower part of the metal base plate adopts the mode of microstrip line width step transformation and is bent to reduce the section of the whole antennaThe upper part of the metal bottom plate adopts a floor slotting mode to avoid the problem that the high-impedance microstrip line cannot be processed due to too thin line width. The excitation end transmission line and the bent part of the open-circuit branch section both use a corner cutting technology to reduce reflection.
For the wide-angle impedance matching layer of the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased-array antenna, a planar printing super surface is adopted to be equivalent to a dielectric plate with a higher dielectric constant, the planar printing super surface is formed by square-ring patch arrays printed on a single surface of a dielectric substrate to assist dual-polarized radiation, the square-ring patch arrays are arranged in a rectangular period, and the period is obviously smaller than the arrangement period of a tightly-coupled dipole unit.
For the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by the invention, in order to inhibit the truncation effect of a close-coupled dipole planar array with a limited period at a low frequency, the impedance matching at the low frequency is improved by adopting a mode of extending an edge unit E-plane oscillator arm.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased-array antenna is composed of a metal base plate 1, a dual-polarized dipole planar array 2 and a planar printed super-surface 3. The excitation signal of the phased array antenna is fed through a separate T/R assembly module.
The dual-polarized dipole planar array 2 consists of two single-polarized dipole planar arrays (namely an x-polarized dipole planar array and a y-polarized dipole planar array) which are mutually orthogonally crossed and nested, and is placed between the metal bottom plate and the planar printing super surface, and the metal bottom plate is parallel to the planar printing super surface; each single-polarized dipole planar array is respectively composed of 10 single-polarized dipole linear arrays (namely an x-polarized dipole planar array 2-x and a y-polarized dipole planar array 2-y) which are arranged in parallel; each single-polarized dipole linear array 2-x and 2-y is printed on a dielectric substrate 20-x and 20-y perpendicular to the metal backplane and comprises 10 tightly coupled dipole elements and two edge extensions 21-x and 21-y, such that each single-polarized dipole planar array comprises 10 x 10 tightly coupled dipole elements arranged in a rectangular grid and 20 edge extensions.
As shown in fig. 4, the metal base plate 1 is provided with 10 × 10 slits along the x direction and the y direction, respectively, and the width of the slits is wider than the thickness of the single-polarized dipole linear array dielectric substrates 20-x and 20-y.
As shown in fig. 5, the planar printed super surface 3 is formed by a square-ring patch array 31 printed on a single surface of a dielectric substrate 30, and the array is arranged in a rectangular period, and the period of the array is significantly smaller than the arrangement period of the tightly-coupled dipole units.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the edge extensions 21-x and 21-y of the dipole linear array are printed on the opposite sides of the dielectric substrates 20-x and 20-y and are composed of a rectangular section with an undercut at the end and a trapezoidal section, and the rectangular section of the edge extension has an overlapping area with the coupling patches 24-x and 24-y printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate.
The tightly coupled dipole unit is composed of an integrated Marchand balun 22, exciting dipoles 23-x and 23-y, coupling patches 24-x and 24-y and a parasitic dipole 25.
The signal layer 22-1 and the floor layer 22-2 of the integrated Marchand balun are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the medium substrates 20-x and 20-y; the signal layer 22-1 is composed of a bent stepped impedance conversion section, an impedance conversion section with a fixed line width and an open-circuit branch, wherein the open-circuit branch comprises a trapezoidal section and a rectangular section with cut corners; the floor layer 22-2 consists of a floor area, a short circuit branch area, a balun transformation area and an output feed point, and is printed and connected with the two arms of the excitation dipoles 23-x and 23-y on the same side so as to provide feed for the excitation dipoles; the balun transformation area is etched with a plurality of gaps with gradually changing widths so as to improve the impedance transformation effect of the balun on the tightly coupled dipole unit; the signal layer 22-1 and the floor layer 22-2 are connected in the floor area by metallized vias 22-3.
The excited dipoles 23-x and 23-y are printed on opposite sides of the dielectric substrates 20-x and 20-y with spaced arms each formed by a semicircular starting section and a rectangular end-notched section.
The coupling patches 24-x and 24-y are rectangular sheets with slots at the centers, are printed on the front surfaces of the dielectric substrates 20-x and 20-y, are positioned at the centers of the tail ends of the adjacent exciting dipoles 23-x and 23-y and have overlapping areas with the exciting dipoles.
The parasitic dipoles 25 are rectangular strips printed above the same side as and parallel to the exciter dipoles 23-x and 23-y.
The input end of the integrated Marchand balun signal layer of each close-coupled dipole unit is connected with the T/R component module through the SMPM connector to feed in an excitation signal, and the control of the excitation signal is realized according to the two-dimensional phase-controlled beam scanning principle of the rectangular grid planar array antenna.
The dipole plane array and the plane printing super-surface medium substrate are both RogersRO4350, wherein the thickness of the dipole plane array medium substrate is 0.254mm, and the thickness of the plane printing super-surface medium substrate is 0.787 mm. Other major structural parameters of the low profile, wide bandwidth, wide angle, two dimensional scanning dual polarized phased array antenna embodiments of the present invention are listed in table 1.
Table 1 main structural parameters of low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna
| Dimensional parameters | p | h | le | wd | lc | lp | d | wm0 | wm | woc | loc | wsc | g | pms | lms | wms |
| Numerical value (mm) | 9.6 | 11 | 7.6 | 3 | 3.5 | 5 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 3 | 5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 |
Example 2
The invention adjusts the length l of the overlapped patchescAnd dipole width wdThe imaginary component of the array input impedance at low frequency is changed, and the position of the bandwidth low-frequency cut-off point of the array is changed.
Example 3
The invention adjusts the equivalent dielectric constant extracted from the plane printing super surface by changing the size and shape of the patch printed on the dielectric substrate by the plane printing super surface, and realizes the optimal selection of the performance of the broadband wide-angle impedance matching layer required by the array.
Example 4
The invention adjusts the impedance transformation effect of the balun on the tightly coupled dipole unit by changing the widths of the open-circuit branch and the short-circuit branch, the number of etched gaps of the balun transformation area and the width, thereby realizing the adjustment of the array bandwidth.
The present invention can form further embodiments by combining embodiments 1 to 4.
The selection of the specific size is only selected in the embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the size of each part can be appropriately adjusted according to actual needs.
The full-wave electromagnetic simulation software CST is used to perform simulation analysis on the performance of the embodiment 1, and the technical effect of the invention is described below with reference to the simulation result. It should be noted that the working mechanism of the low-profile wide-band wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to the present invention is based on the tight coupling effect, and for a tightly coupled array antenna which is always limited in practice, the impedance characteristics and radiation characteristics of edge elements of the array are greatly different from those of a central element of the array due to the reduction of the coupling effect, and usually, a certain edge processing technique (for example, the edge extension portion according to the present invention) needs to be adopted to compensate to suppress the performance deterioration caused by the edge truncation effect; on the other hand, as the array size (i.e., the number of elements of the close-coupled array antenna) of the finite-large close-coupled array antenna gradually increases, the performance of the actual finite-large close-coupled array antenna becomes closer to the ideal infinite-period array model. Thus, before describing the performance of a practical finite periodic array model (10 × 10 tightly coupled dipole elements and edge extensions), embodiments of the present invention provide the impedance characteristics of tightly coupled dipole elements (equivalently an ideal infinite periodic array) for comparison and reference.
Fig. 8 is an active standing wave ratio curve of the infinite periodic array ideal model according to the embodiment of the present invention when the normal radiation, the E-plane 45 ° scan, the H-plane 45 ° scan, and the D-plane 45 ° scan are performed, respectively. Under the condition that the Active VSWR is less than or equal to 3, the working bandwidth of the ideal model in normal radiation reaches 7.28:1(2.20GHz-14.7GHz), the maximum radiation direction of the ideal model changes in impedance matching conditions in the bandwidth when scanning on an E surface, an H surface and a D surface, and the deterioration is larger when scanning on the H surface.
Fig. 9 shows the active voltage standing wave ratio curves of the central unit in the finite-period array model (10 × 10 tightly-coupled dipole units and edge extensions) under normal radiation, E-plane 45 ° scan, H-plane 45 ° scan, and D-plane 45 ° scan, respectively, according to an embodiment of the present invention. As mentioned above, due to the edge truncation effect, the infinite periodic array model corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention has a difference in impedance matching condition with the ideal model of the infinite periodic array, and the fluctuation in the wide band is larger, but the variation trend is substantially the same.
Fig. 10 shows a maximum axial gain curve of the finite period array model according to the embodiment of the present invention and an ideal gain curve corresponding to a caliber with the same size, which shows that the finite period array model according to the embodiment of the present invention has a consistent variation trend with the ideal gain curve.
Fig. 11 to 13 show radiation patterns of the finite periodic array model in the E-plane 45 °, H-plane 45 ° and D-plane 45 ° beam scans respectively, where each group of curves corresponds to the achievable gains at the frequency points of 2GHz, 6GHz, 8GHz, and 12GHz, and provides the radiation patterns in the normal radiation as a reference. The excitation signal of each tightly coupled dipole element of the finite period array model is set according to the two-dimensional phased beam scanning principle of the rectangular grid planar array antenna.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna is characterized by comprising a dual-polarized dipole planar array, a metal bottom plate and a planar printing super-surface;
the dual-polarized dipole planar array is placed between the metal bottom plate and the planar printing super surface;
the metal bottom plate is arranged in parallel with the plane printing super surface.
2. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said dual-polarized dipole planar array is comprised of two mutually orthogonally nested single-polarized dipole planar arrays;
each single-polarized dipole planar array consists of M single-polarized dipole linear arrays which are arranged in parallel;
each single-polarized dipole linear array is printed on a dielectric substrate perpendicular to the metal base plate and comprises N tightly-coupled dipole units and two edge extensions, so that each single-polarized dipole planar array comprises M × N tightly-coupled dipole units arranged in a rectangular grid and 2M edge extensions.
3. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the tightly-coupled dipole elements comprise an exciter dipole, an integrated Marchand balun, a parasitic dipole, and a coupling patch;
the exciting dipole is printed on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate, two arms of the exciting dipole are separated, and each arm consists of a semicircular starting section and a rectangular section with a notch at the tail end;
the signal layer and the floor layer of the integrated Marchand balun are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the medium substrate, and the floor layer is connected with the two arms of the excitation dipole so as to provide feed for the excitation dipole;
the parasitic dipole is in a rectangular strip shape and is printed above the exciting dipole and is parallel to the exciting dipole;
the coupling patches are rectangular sheets with grooves cut in the centers and printed on the front surface of the medium substrate, and the coupling patches are located in the centers of the tail ends of the adjacent excitation dipoles and have overlapping areas with the excitation dipoles.
4. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the edge extensions of the linear array of single-polarized dipoles are printed on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate and are composed of rectangular sections and trapezoidal sections with slots at the tail ends;
the rectangular section of the edge extension has an overlap area with the coupling patch printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate.
5. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the integrated Marchand balun cancels an impedance inductive part of the tightly coupled dipole unit in a low frequency region of an operating frequency of the phased array antenna, so as to obtain a wider operating frequency band than when the tightly coupled dipole unit or the Marchand balun operates independently.
6. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the signal layer of the integrated Marchand balun is composed of a bent stepped impedance transformation section, a fixed line width impedance transformation section corresponding to a floor layer slotting region, and an open-circuit stub, wherein the open-circuit stub comprises a trapezoidal section and a rectangular section with a chamfer.
7. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein a floor layer of the integrated Marchand balun consists of a floor area, a branch short-circuit area, a balun transformation area and an output feed point;
a plurality of gaps with gradually changed widths are etched on one side, corresponding to the impedance conversion section with the fixed line width of the signal layer, in the balun transformation area so as to improve the impedance transformation effect of the integrated Marchand balun on the tightly coupled dipole unit;
the output feed point is composed of two groups of connecting sections connected with two arms of the excitation dipole, and each group is symmetrically distributed around the excitation dipole.
8. The low-profile broadband wide-angle two-dimensional scanning dual-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the planar printed super surface is used for improving the impedance matching condition of the phased array antenna during wide-angle scanning;
the planar printing super surface is formed by square ring patch arrays printed on the single surface of the dielectric substrate, the arrays are arranged in a rectangular period, and the period of the arrays is obviously smaller than the arrangement period of the tightly coupled dipole units.
9. Use of a low profile, broadband, wide angle, two dimensional scanning dual polarized phased array antenna according to any of claims 1 to 8 in radar, communication, navigation and electronic warfare systems.
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