CN114094353B - Ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114094353B CN114094353B CN202111394402.0A CN202111394402A CN114094353B CN 114094353 B CN114094353 B CN 114094353B CN 202111394402 A CN202111394402 A CN 202111394402A CN 114094353 B CN114094353 B CN 114094353B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna, which comprises a metal grounding plate, wherein a plurality of slots are formed in the metal grounding plate, a linear array is arranged in each slot, the linear array comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of array elements are arranged on the dielectric substrate, each array element comprises a feeding balun structure and an antenna radiating arm which are respectively etched on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the antenna radiating arms are connected with coaxial feeder lines through the continuously bent feeding balun structure, the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiating arms on one side surface of the dielectric substrate are consistent with the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiating arms on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate after being turned 180 degrees, a plurality of patches are arranged on the antenna radiating arms, and the different surfaces of the patches on the antenna radiating arms of two adjacent array elements are overlapped; the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna provided by the invention is easy to design, and can simultaneously realize impedance transformation, unbalanced feed to balanced feed transformation, widen the working frequency band of the antenna and improve the radiation performance of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-wideband array antennas, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna.
Background
In order to greatly reduce the volume of the radio frequency front end of a radio communication system such as radar, communication, telemetry and remote sensing, an ultra-wideband array antenna and a phased array antenna are important development trends. The ultra-wideband antennas are required to meet the requirements of high electromagnetic performance such as multi-beam, large scanning range, high gain or low side lobe in ultra-wideband. A realistic version of the Wheeler current chip array antenna, the tightly coupled dipole array antenna, is one of the research hotspots in ultra wideband array antennas. The excellent ultra-wideband performance can even integrate a plurality of antennas of the same platform into an ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna, thereby solving the problem of electromagnetic interference among a plurality of antennas of the same platform. The study of the feed balun structure of a tightly coupled array antenna is a key step in achieving superior electromagnetic performance of the array antenna in ultra-wideband. The transmission characteristics of the feed balun structure are required to be kept consistent in the whole working frequency band of the array antenna, and the impedance of the input end of the feed line is gradually transformed into the impedance of the input end of the antenna so as to reduce reflection echo and avoid electromagnetic energy loss; meanwhile, the balanced feeding mode of the two antenna radiating arms is smoothly transited from the unbalanced feeding mode of the input end feeder line. Besides the feed balun, the strong coupling and tight coupling between the radiation arms of adjacent array elements of the array antenna are also a technical difficulty in widening the frequency band.
The ultra-wideband feed structure which can be searched in the prior art is large in size and difficult to realize a miniaturized and compact structure; or the structure is complex, the size parameters are numerous, and the rapid optimization is difficult to realize. The reflection coefficient of the tightly coupled array antenna at the low frequency end of the working frequency band is generally larger and is usually about-6 dB, so that the bottleneck problem of the working frequency band is difficult to break through.
In addition, the radiation performance of the high-frequency end and the low-frequency end of the working frequency band needs to be considered, so that the space between the antenna array elements cannot be excessively large. Firstly, the space is large, grating lobes are easy to generate when the antenna works at a high-frequency end, and secondly, tight coupling among array elements is difficult to realize at the high-frequency end of an operating frequency band. However, if the spacing between the array elements is smaller, enough capacitive coupling between the array elements at the low frequency end cannot be ensured. Finally, the electromagnetic radiation performance of the antenna near the upper limit and the lower limit of the high-frequency end and the low-frequency end of the working frequency band is poor, wherein the electromagnetic radiation performance comprises a directional diagram, a gain, a side lobe level and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna which is easy to design, can realize impedance transformation and unbalanced feed to balanced feed transformation simultaneously, widens the working frequency band of the antenna and improves the radiation performance of the antenna.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna comprises a metal grounding plate, wherein a plurality of slots are formed in the metal grounding plate, a linear array is arranged in each slot, the linear array comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of array elements are arranged on the dielectric substrate, each array element comprises a feeding balun structure and an antenna radiating arm which are respectively etched on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the antenna radiating arms are connected with coaxial feeder lines through continuous bent feeding balun structures, the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiating arms on one side surface of the dielectric substrate are consistent with the feeding balun structure and the antenna radiating arms on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate after being turned 180 degrees, a plurality of patches are arranged on the antenna radiating arms, and the different surfaces of the patches on the antenna radiating arms of two adjacent array elements overlap.
Preferably, the feeding balun structure comprises an unbalanced end and a balanced end, the coaxial feeder comprises a metal inner core wire, a dielectric rod and a metal sheath which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, one bending line of the balanced end and one microstrip line of the unbalanced end are sequentially connected with the metal inner core wire, the other antenna radiating arm of the balanced end and the other microstrip line of the unbalanced end are sequentially connected with the metal sheath, and the metal sheath is connected with the metal grounding plate. Preferably, the balance end comprises a plurality of sections of bending lines connected in sequence, each section of bending line comprises a parallel microstrip line parallel to the unbalanced end, two ends of the parallel microstrip line are respectively connected with a first inclined microstrip line and a second inclined microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are splayed open, and the plurality of sections of bending lines are connected in sequence through the adjacent first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line.
Preferably, the included angle between the first inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line is the same as the included angle between the second inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line, and the included angles are both 30-60 degrees.
Preferably, the size of the bending line of the multiple sections gradually increases from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm.
Preferably, the orthographic projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the positions in the plurality of sections of bending lines is sequentially equal-difference increment from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm.
Preferably, the patches are elliptical and comprise a first patch, a second patch and a third patch, wherein the major axis of the first patch is 2-3 mm, the minor axis of the first patch is 1-2 mm, the major axis of the second patch is 3-5 mm, the minor axis of the second patch is 2-3 mm, the major axis of the third patch is 2-3 mm, and the minor axis of the third patch is 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent array elements 1.1.4 and 1.1.5 is 6-8 mm.
Preferably, the length of the metal grounding plate is 120-150 mm, the width is 120-150 mm, the thickness is 5-10 mm, and the length of the slot is 110-120 mm; the width is 5-10 mm, the depth is the same as the thickness of the metal grounding plate, and the long side of the slot is parallel to the long side of the metal grounding plate.
Preferably, the coaxial feeder adopts a 50 ohm microstrip line, and the length of the parallel microstrip line is 0.5-1.5 mm; the lengths of the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are equal and are 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the line widths of the parallel microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are all 0.2-0.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna can realize the ultra-wideband internal high-performance electromagnetic radiation from 4GHz to 18GHz by utilizing the continuously bent compact Z-shaped feed balun structure. In a radio communication system such as a radar, communication, telemetry and remote sensing system with limited platform space, the array antenna has a very wide application prospect; the structure has a feed balun structure capable of simultaneously realizing impedance transformation and unbalanced feed to balanced feed transformation, and is easy to design; in addition, the tightly coupled radiating arm of the antenna is subjected to capacitive loading design, and the patch is added, so that the capacitance is larger, the working frequency band of the antenna can be further widened, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved; the active reflection coefficient of the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna based on the feeding technology and the radiating arm capacitive loading technology is smaller than-10 dB in the whole working frequency band, and the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna is a good choice of a phased array antenna.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. The following drawings are merely examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a part of an array antenna consisting of twelve linear arrays 1.1-1.12 with consistent structural dimensions and a metal ground plate 2; each linear array 1.1-1.12 is correspondingly inserted into a groove 2.1-2.12 of the metal grounding plate 2; in this figure, part of the linear arrays 1.1 and 1.12 are shown, and each linear array shows only three array element structures. For clarity of illustration, all dielectric substrates such as dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are all hidden from view.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part of a linear array 1.1 formed by a fourth array element 1.1.4, a fifth array element 1.1.5 and a sixth array element 1.1.6 on a dielectric substrate 1.1.0; wherein three elliptical patches on the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 on the fifth array element 1.1.5 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are in out-of-plane coincidence with three patches on the antenna radiating arm on the fourth array element 1.1.4 on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0.
Fig. 3 is a single array element structure 1.1.5 of the present invention that combines the feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 on dielectric substrate 1.1.0, antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2, and coaxial feed 1.1.5.3; wherein, the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1, the balance end 1.1.5.1.1.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 and the metal inner core wire 1.1.5.3.1 which are arranged on one side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are connected in sequence; the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.2.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.2.1 and the metal sheath 1.1.5.3.3 provided on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 are connected to the metal ground plate 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial feed 1.1.5.3 of the present invention feeding an antenna element, with a metallic inner core 1.1.5.3.1, dielectric rod 1.1.5.3.2, and metallic sheath 1.1.5.3.3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2 of a single array element according to the present invention, including a first antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 and a second antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2 etched on two sides of a dielectric substrate 1.1.0, respectively.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 and a second antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, each of which has Rong Xingdi an elliptical patch 1.1.5.2.1.1 and 1.1.5.2.2.1, a second elliptical patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 and 1.1.5.2.2.2, and a third elliptical patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 and 1.1.5.2.2.3 loaded on each of the first antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 and the second antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, the six elliptical patch outlines being shown in dashed lines.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single continuously meander feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 in accordance with the present invention; the first feed balun structure 1.1.5.1.1 is etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0; the second feed balun structure 1.1.5.1.2 is etched in the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first feed balun structure 1.1.5.1.1 and a second feed balun structure 1.1.5.1.2; the first feed balun structure 1.1.5.1.1 includes an unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 and a balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2; the zig-zag feed balun 1.1.5.1.2 includes an unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.2.1 and a balanced end 1.1.5.1.2.2.
Fig. 9 is a simulation result of the active reflection coefficient obtained after the simulation of the linear array 1.1. As can be seen from the figure, the active reflection coefficient of all ports is less than-10 dB in the frequency band from 4GHz to 18 GHz.
Fig. 10 is a linear array pattern at 4GHz, and it can be seen that the gain is 5.1dBi, and the directivity is weak.
Fig. 11 is a linear array pattern at 8GHz, and it can be seen that the gain is 8.5dBi, and the directivity is better than that at 4 GHz.
Fig. 12 is a line pattern at 15GHz with a gain of 11.62dBi and energy concentrated mainly in the middle region of the fan beam.
Fig. 13 is a linear array plot at 18GHz with a gain of 13.5dBi. Compared with other working frequency points, at the frequency point, the fan-shaped beam is narrowest in the x-axis direction, highest in resolution and strongest in directivity.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
Referring to fig. 1-13 together, the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna provided in this embodiment includes a metal ground plate 2, a plurality of slots 2.1 are provided on the metal ground plate 2, each slot 2.1 is provided with a linear array 1.1, the linear array 1.1 includes a dielectric substrate 1.1.0, a plurality of array elements 1.1.5 are provided on the dielectric substrate 1.1.0, the array elements 1.1.5 include a feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 and antenna radiating arms 1.1.5.2 respectively etched on two sides of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0, the antenna radiating arms 1.1.5.2 are connected with a coaxial feeder 1.1.5.3 through a continuously bent compact Z-shaped feed balun structure 1.1.5.1, a feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 on one side of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 and an antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2 are provided on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0, and the antenna radiating arms 1.1.5.2 are turned over, and two adjacent antenna radiating patches are provided on the antenna radiating arms 1.5.2.
In the embodiment, the array antenna comprises twelve linear arrays 1.1-1.12 with consistent structural dimensions and a metal grounding plate 2; taking the linear array 1.1 as an example, the linear array 1.1 comprises a dielectric substrate 1.1.0 made of non-conductive materials and twelve antenna array elements 1.1.1-1.1.12; the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 is made of a non-conductive material with a thickness of 0.2-1 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2-3 and a dielectric loss angle of 0.0004-0.001. The antenna radiating arms 1.1.5.2 and the feed balun structure 1.1.5.1 on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 can be any one of gold foil, silver foil or copper foil with the thickness of 0.017-0.035 mm.
By adjusting the orthographic projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines in the multi-section continuous bending line, the orthographic projection distance is gradually increased from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm, and the technology can realize ultra-wideband impedance transformation, namely, the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms of a standard coaxial feeder line is gradually transformed to the port impedance of nearly 200 ohms at the input end of the antenna radiation arm; the standard coaxial feeder line with an unbalanced feed structure and the antenna radiating arm needing balanced feed are connected by a plurality of sections of continuous bending lines, so that the feed technology of converting the unbalanced feed structure into the balanced feed structure can be realized; the compact Z-shaped feed balun structure capable of being continuously bent utilizes the two technologies to feed the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna, so that the array antenna can realize high-performance electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-wideband from 4GHz to 18 GHz. In a radio communication system such as a radar, communication, telemetry and remote sensing system with limited platform space, the array antenna has a very wide application prospect; in addition, the compact Z-shaped feed balun structure with continuous bending is simple in appearance and easy to design; meanwhile, the tightly coupled radiating arm of the array antenna is subjected to capacitive loading design, and an elliptical patch is added, so that the capacitance is larger, the working frequency band of the antenna can be further widened, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved; the active reflection coefficient of the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna based on the novel feeding technology and the radiating arm capacitive loading technology is smaller than-10 dB in the whole working frequency band, and the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna is a good choice of phased array antennas.
More specifically, the feeding balun structure 1.1.5.1 includes unbalanced ends 1.1.5.1.1.1 and 1.1.5.1.2.1 and balanced ends 1.1.5.1.1.2 and 1.1.5.1.2.2, the coaxial feeder 1.1.5.3 includes a metal inner core 1.1.5.3.1, a dielectric rod 1.1.5.3.2 and a metal outer sheath 1.1.5.3.3 coaxially disposed from inside to outside, the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 and the metal inner core 1.1.5.3.1 are sequentially connected, and the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.2, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.2.2, the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.2.1, the metal outer sheath 1.1.5.3.3 and the metal ground plate 2 are connected; the standard coaxial feeder with unbalanced feed structure and the antenna radiating arm to be balanced fed are connected by multiple sections of continuous bending lines, so that the feed technology of changing from unbalanced feed structure to balanced feed structure can be realized.
More specifically, the balanced end 1.1.5.1.1.2 includes a plurality of sections of sequentially connected bending lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4, each section of bending line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 includes a parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 parallel to the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1, two ends of the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 are respectively connected with a first oblique microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and a second oblique microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3, the first oblique microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the second oblique microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 are splayed, and the plurality of sections of bending lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 are sequentially connected through adjacent first oblique microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and second oblique microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3.
In this embodiment, the balance end 1.1.5.1.1.2 includes 6-8 sections of bending lines, taking the fourth section of bending line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4 in the balun for feeding, the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 of the fourth section of bending line is connected with the first inclined microstrip line of the fifth section of bending line, and the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 of the fourth section of bending line is connected with the second inclined microstrip line of the third section of bending line; the length of the parallel microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the lengths of the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 are equal and are 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the line widths of the parallel microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2, the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1, and the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 are all 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
More specifically, the included angle between the first inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.1 and the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 and the included angle between the second inclined microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.3 and the parallel microstrip line 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 are both 30-60 °. Thus, the original parallel microstrip line can be changed into a bent microstrip line, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is increased.
More specifically, the size of the multiple sections of the bend line increases gradually from the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 toward the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1.
More specifically, the orthographic projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 corresponding to the positions in the plurality of sections of bending lines is sequentially equal-difference increasing from the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 to the antenna radiation arm 1.1.5.2; the orthographic projection distance between the two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the first section of bending line on the two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1.1.0 is L, the orthographic projection distance between the two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the second section of bending line on the two side surfaces is L+d, the orthographic projection distance between the two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the third section of bending line on the two side surfaces is L+2d, the orthographic projection distance between the two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the N section of bending line on the two side surfaces is L+Nd, and in the embodiment, the tolerance d is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the dielectric substrate has simple structure and is easy to design. The technique of sequentially increasing the orthographic projection distance between the two parallel microstrip lines 1.1.5.1.1.2.4.2 in an equidifferent manner gradually increases the characteristic impedance of the whole structure from the unbalanced end to the antenna radiation arm, thereby realizing ultra-wideband impedance transformation. The compact Z-shaped feed balun structure capable of being continuously bent utilizes the two technologies to feed the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna, so that the array antenna can realize high-performance electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-wideband from 4GHz to 18 GHz.
More specifically, the patches are oval, and include a first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1, a second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2, and a third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3, with the major axis of the first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1 being 2-3 mm, the minor axis being 1-2 mm, the major axis of the second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 being 3-5 mm, the minor axis being 2-3 mm, the major axis of the third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 being 2-3 mm, and the minor axis being 1-2 mm; as shown in fig. 6, the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 has a shape of 1/4 ellipse, three patches are loaded on the long axis side of the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1, the width of the antenna radiating arm 1.1.5.2.1 in the horizontal direction is 4 mm-6 mm, the length in the vertical direction is 4 mm-8 mm, and the first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1, the second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 and the third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 are disposed from top to bottom; the first patch 1.1.5.2.1.1 is disposed at the upper end of the long side, the second patch 1.1.5.2.1.2 is disposed at the midpoint of the long side, and the third patch 1.1.5.2.1.3 is disposed at the lower end of the long side. By carrying out capacitive loading design on the tightly coupled radiating arms of the array antenna, the elliptical patch is added, so that the capacitance is larger, the working frequency band of the antenna can be further widened, and the radiation performance of the antenna is improved.
More specifically, the distance between two adjacent array elements 1.1.5 and 1.1.4 is 6-8 mm, and the distance between two adjacent linear arrays is the same as the distance between the array elements, namely, the distance between the array element 1.1.5 on the linear array 1.1 and the array element 2.1.5 on the linear array 2.1 is 6-8 mm.
More specifically, the length of the metal grounding plate 2 is 120-150 mm, the width is 120-150 mm, the thickness is 5-10 mm, and the length of the slot 2.1 is 110-120 mm; the width is 5-10 mm, and the depth is the same as the thickness of the metal grounding plate 2; the slots 2.1-2.12 serve to prevent all of the same structure as the unbalanced end 1.1.5.1.1.1 of the zig-zag feed balun 1.1.5.1 and the inner core 1.1.5.3.1 of the coaxial feed line 1.1.5.3 from contacting the metal ground plate 2, resulting in a short circuit.
More specifically, the coaxial feed 1.1.5.3 has a 50 ohm characteristic impedance.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting thereof; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna, characterized in that: the antenna comprises a metal grounding plate, wherein a plurality of slots are formed in the metal grounding plate, a linear array is arranged in each slot, the linear array comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of array elements are arranged on the dielectric substrate, each array element comprises a feeding balun structure and an antenna radiating arm which are respectively etched on two side surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the antenna radiating arms are connected with coaxial feeder lines through continuously bent feeding balun structures, the feeding balun structures and the antenna radiating arms on one side surface of the dielectric substrate are consistent with the feeding balun structures and the antenna radiating arms on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate after being turned 180 degrees, a plurality of patches are arranged on the antenna radiating arms, and the different surfaces of the patches on the antenna radiating arms of two adjacent array elements are overlapped;
The coaxial feeder comprises a metal inner core wire, a dielectric rod and a metal sheath which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, the antenna radiation arm, the balance end, the unbalanced end and the coaxial metal inner core wire which are arranged on the same side face of the dielectric substrate are sequentially connected, and the antenna radiation arm, the balance end, the unbalanced end and the coaxial metal sheath which are arranged on the other side face of the dielectric substrate are connected with a metal grounding plate;
The balance end comprises a plurality of sections of bending lines which are sequentially connected, each section of bending line comprises parallel microstrip lines parallel to the unbalanced end, two ends of each parallel microstrip line are respectively connected with a first inclined microstrip line and a second inclined microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are splayed, and the plurality of sections of bending lines are sequentially connected through the adjacent first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line.
2. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the first inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line is the same as the included angle between the second inclined microstrip line and the parallel microstrip line, and the included angles are 30-60 degrees.
3. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the size of the bending line of the multiple sections gradually increases from the unbalanced end to the antenna radiation arm.
4. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the orthographic projection distance between two parallel microstrip lines corresponding to the positions in the plurality of sections of bending lines is sequentially increased in an equal difference way from the unbalanced end to the direction of the antenna radiation arm.
5. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the patches are oval, and comprise a first patch, a second patch and a third patch, wherein the long axis of the first patch is 2-3mm, the short axis of the first patch is 1-2 mm, the long axis of the second patch is 3-5 mm, the short axis of the second patch is 2-3mm, the long axis of the third patch is 2-3mm, and the short axis of the third patch is 1-2 mm.
6. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent array elements is 6-8 mm.
7. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length of the metal grounding plate is 120-150 mm, the width of the metal grounding plate is 120-150 mm, the thickness of the metal grounding plate is 5-10 mm, and the length of the slot is 110-120 mm; the width is 5-10 mm, the depth is the same as the thickness of the metal grounding plate, and the long side of the slot is parallel to the long side of the metal grounding plate.
8. The ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the coaxial feeder adopts a 50 ohm microstrip line, and the length of the parallel microstrip line is 0.5-1.5 mm; the lengths of the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are equal and are 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; the line widths of the parallel microstrip line, the first inclined microstrip line and the second inclined microstrip line are all 0.2-0.5 mm.
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