CN114033378A - Retreating type multi-layered stoping mining method for ore body with inclination from thin to medium thickness - Google Patents
Retreating type multi-layered stoping mining method for ore body with inclination from thin to medium thickness Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a retreating type multi-layer stoping mining method for ore bodies with inclination from thin to medium thickness, which comprises the steps of bottom-drawing tunneling, construction raise, rock-drilling roadway tunneling, slot-drawing area cutting mining, slot-drawing area twice lifting, bottom-drawing roadway and rock-drilling roadway lateral ore caving, filling and the like. The mining method is high in mining efficiency, small in exposed area of the working face, safe in operation, low in cost and capable of greatly reducing the amount of accurate mining engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a retreat type multi-layer stoping mining method.
Background
The ore body with the inclination from thin to medium thickness is the ore body with the inclination angle of 55 degrees and the thickness (true thickness) of the ore body of 2-10 m, and the mine is mainly mined by an upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method. Particularly, when the ore body is broken, the ore mining is mainly carried out by an upward horizontal layer filling method or an upward access filling method.
Upward layering cut and fill mining method adopts layering stoping from bottom to top, and the ore is adopted earlier in each layer, then fills the filler to two sides in support collecting space area and as work platform, wherein, adopt the mode that "draw groove and side simultaneously collapse" more during stoping, specifically do: firstly, tunneling a roadway to the end part of an ore body or a control line position along the length direction of the ore body to form a bottom-pulling roadway; constructing a raise upwards to the middle section of the upper part of the ore body in the bottom-drawing roadway to ventilate and serve as a slot-drawing cutting well; and then constructing horizontal blast holes on two sides of the bottom-pulling roadway to the boundary of an ore body or a stope stoping control line, and constructing upward blast holes to the designed height on the top plate of the bottom-pulling roadway. If security pillars are reserved in the stope, horizontal blast holes are constructed for a small number of pillars, after drilling is completed, the horizontal blast holes and upward blast holes are charged and subjected to primary blasting, finally, ores in the stope are transported out, filling is performed after ore removal is completed, and the pillars are reserved with the height of about 3 meters and are not filled to serve as the next stope operation space.
Although the method is simple, the stoping and filling are carried out layer by layer, the production efficiency is low, the stope exposure is wide, and the loose rock treatment and support work is more. For the recovery of one ore section, the recovery height is small, the recovery process is relatively more in circulation, the safety treatment and support cost is increased, the safety treatment time is long, and the risk is correspondingly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to overcome the defects and defects of the prior art, and provides a retreating type multi-layering stoping mining method for ore bodies with inclination from thin to medium thickness, which overcomes the defects that in the prior art, stoping needs to be carried out layer by layer, the efficiency is low, the stope is exposed widely, and loose rock supporting work is more and layering is more.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical method:
a back-off type multi-layered mining method for ore bodies with inclination from thin to medium thickness comprises the following steps:
bottom-pulling tunneling: tunneling a roadway to the end of the ore body to form a bottom-pulling roadway, and setting a section of the bottom-pulling roadway with a certain length from the end of the bottom-pulling roadway as a bottom-pulling roadway grooving area;
constructing a raise: constructing a raise upwards to the upper section of the middle part on the top plate of the slot drawing area of the bottom drawing roadway;
drilling and tunneling: at least one rock drilling lane parallel to the bottom-pulling lane is tunneled in an ore body above the bottom-pulling lane, a section of the rock drilling lane with a certain length from the end of the rock drilling lane is set to be a rock drilling lane slot-pulling area, and the raise penetrates through each rock drilling lane slot-pulling area;
cutting and mining in a groove drawing area: horizontally blasting two sides of each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and two sides of each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area, expanding the width of each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and the width of each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area, and transporting out ores after each blasting;
and (3) twice raising of the groove drawing area: firstly, carrying out first raising on a rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area positioned on the uppermost layer, then carrying out second raising, and then respectively carrying out the first raising and the second raising on each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area from top to bottom; or, starting from the rock drilling roadway grooving area on the uppermost layer, sequentially and respectively carrying out the first-time lifting on each rock drilling roadway grooving area and each bottom-pulling roadway grooving area from top to bottom, and then starting from the rock drilling roadway grooving area on the uppermost layer, sequentially and respectively carrying out the second-time lifting on each rock drilling roadway grooving area and each bottom-pulling roadway grooving area from top to bottom; or simultaneously carrying out the first lifting on each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area, and then simultaneously carrying out the second lifting on each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area;
the first raising is to raise a top plate of each rock drilling roadway grooving area or a top plate of the bottom roadway grooving area to a first design height through vertical blasting, and convey out ores after blasting; the second lifting is to lift the top plate of each rock drilling roadway grooving area or the top plate of the bottom roadway grooving area to a second design height through vertical blasting, and convey out ores after blasting; the vertical distance between two adjacent rock drilling roadways and the vertical distance between the bottom pulling roadway and one rock drilling roadway adjacent to the bottom pulling roadway are both larger than the second design height;
carrying out lateral ore caving in a bottom drawing roadway and a rock drilling roadway: respectively segmenting each rock drilling lane and the bottom pulling lane, carrying out lateral blasting on a section of rock drilling lane close to the groove pulling area of the rock drilling lane from the top to the bottom in sequence from the rock drilling lane positioned at the uppermost layer to the groove pulling area of the rock drilling lane, transporting ores after each blasting, finally carrying out the lateral blasting on a section of bottom pulling lane close to the groove pulling area of the bottom pulling lane, and transporting the ores after blasting; then, the lateral blasting is sequentially repeated from top to bottom for the next rock drilling roadway section close to the rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area in each rock drilling roadway and the next bottom-drawing roadway section close to the bottom-drawing slot-drawing area in the bottom-drawing roadway, and ores are transported out after each blasting;
filling: and filling filler into each rock drilling lane and each bottom pulling lane after the lateral ore caving of each rock drilling lane and each bottom pulling lane is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that layered stoping is carried out on at least two roadways for the tunneling of the ore body, then the slot areas are arranged at the end parts of each roadway, and the slot areas are lifted up in a mode of carrying out primary horizontal blasting and secondary upward blasting on each slot area, so that the compensation space of a stope is enlarged, the stoping height during stoping is increased, the efficiency of one-time stoping is improved, and the cycle number of stoping operation is reduced, so that the stoping cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, personnel can work in the roadway with relatively small space, and the method is safer; in addition, by arranging more than two sectional roadways for simultaneous stoping, the number of the sectional drifts in one middle section can be reduced due to the increase of the height of the sectional roadway, and the amount of mining-preparation engineering is greatly reduced.
Further, when the first raising is performed, the vertical blasting is to construct a plurality of first upward blast holes to the first design height on the top plate of each rock drilling roadway slotting region or the top plate of the bottom roadway slotting region, and then charge and blast the plurality of first upward blast holes; and when the second time of raising is carried out, the vertical blasting is to construct a plurality of first upward blast holes to the second design height on the top plate of each drilling roadway slot-drawing area or the top plate of the bottom roadway slot-drawing area, and then charge and blast the plurality of first upward blast holes.
Further, when the first raising is carried out, the first design height is a position 6-7 m away from the bottom plate of the rock drilling roadway slot drawing area or the bottom plate of the bottom drawing roadway slot drawing area.
Further, when the second raising is carried out, the second design height is a position 11-13 m away from the bottom plate of the rock drilling roadway slot drawing area or the bottom plate of the bottom drawing roadway slot drawing area.
Further, when performing bottom-pulling roadway and rock-drilling roadway lateral ore caving, the lateral blasting is to respectively construct a plurality of second horizontal blast holes on two sides of each section of rock-drilling roadway close to the rock-drilling roadway slot-pulling area or two sides of each section of bottom-pulling roadway close to the rock-drilling roadway slot-pulling area, respectively construct a plurality of second upward blast holes on a top plate of each section of rock-drilling roadway close to the rock-drilling roadway slot-pulling area or a top plate of each section of bottom-pulling roadway close to the rock-drilling roadway slot-pulling area, and then sequentially charge and blast the plurality of second horizontal blast holes and the second upward blast holes in each rock-drilling roadway from top to bottom from the rock-drilling roadway on the uppermost layer. If blasting is carried out from bottom to top in sequence or blasting is started from a rock drilling roadway located in the middle layer, a constructor cannot enter a blasted area, and therefore upward operation cannot be continued.
And further, when the bottom-drawing roadway and the rock-drilling roadway are subjected to lateral ore caving, the second upward blast holes are medium-length holes distributed in a fan shape.
Further, when the cutting mining of the cutting area is carried out, the horizontal blasting is used for respectively constructing a plurality of first horizontal blast holes to the ore body boundary or stope stoping control lines on two sides of each drilling roadway cutting area or two sides of the backing roadway cutting area, and then the first horizontal blast holes in each drilling roadway cutting area and the backing roadway cutting area are charged and blasted.
And further, when the groove drawing area is cut and mined, the horizontal blasting is sequentially carried out on the groove drawing area of each rock drilling lane from the top to the bottom from the rock drilling lane positioned on the uppermost layer, and finally, the horizontal blasting is carried out on the groove drawing area of the bottom drawing lane.
Furthermore, the length of the groove-drawing area of the bottom-drawing roadway is 6-10 m, and the length of each groove-drawing area of the rock-drilling roadway is 6-10 m. If the length of the slot drawing area is less than 6m, the ore clamping force is large, and the blasting is not facilitated to achieve the effect required by the design; if it exceeds 10m, the exposed area is increased, which is disadvantageous for safety.
Further, when the bottom-pulling tunneling is carried out, the direction of the bottom-pulling roadway is the same as the direction of the ore body, or the bottom-pulling roadway is perpendicular to the direction of the ore body.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a stope adapted for use with the method of the present invention for retreat multiple slice stoping of ore bodies above a shallow to medium slope;
fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the excavation of a rock drilling roadway according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of a second rock drilling roadway grooving area when grooving area cutting mining is carried out according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of a second rock drilling roadway channeling section when the first raising is performed according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of each rock drilling lane and the pull-bottom lane at the time of the first raising in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of a second rock drilling roadway channeling section in the second raising of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of each rock drilling lane and the pull-bottom lane during the second raising in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of each of the rock drilling roadway and the pull-bottom roadway when the pull-bottom roadway and the rock drilling roadway are subjected to lateral ore caving in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
reference numerals: a-a stope, 1-an ore body, 10-a bottom-pulling roadway, 100-a bottom-pulling roadway slot-pulling area, 20-a first rock-drilling roadway, 200-a first rock-drilling roadway slot-pulling area, 30-a second rock-drilling roadway, 300-a second rock-drilling roadway slot-pulling area, 40-a raise, 110-a first horizontal blast hole, 120-a first upward blast hole, 130-a second horizontal blast hole and 140-a second upward blast hole.
Detailed Description
The method comprises the steps of performing layered stoping on at least two roadways for ore body tunneling, then arranging a slot drawing area at the end part of each roadway, and performing primary horizontal blasting and secondary upward blasting on each slot drawing area to raise the slot drawing areas, so that the compensation space of a stope is enlarged, and the stoping height during stoping is increased; meanwhile, the height of the segmented roadway is increased, so that the number of segmented level roadways in one middle section can be reduced, and the amount of mining-preparation engineering is greatly reduced.
The inventive method of retreat multi-slice stoping mining of ore bodies above a thin to medium-thick dip is further illustrated below by 3 examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a top view of a stope for a retreat multiple slice stoping method for ore bodies with a thickness above the dip of thin to medium thickness. As can be seen, before mining, a control line is arranged on the ore body along the trend of the ore body, and the range of the stope A is marked out.
Bottom-pulling tunneling: and (3) tunneling a tunnel to the end part of the ore body 1 to form a bottom-drawing tunnel 10, and setting a section of the bottom-drawing tunnel 10 with a certain length from the end part of the bottom-drawing tunnel 10 as a bottom-drawing tunnel slot-drawing area 100. It should be noted that the heading of the bottom-pulling roadway may be the same as the heading of the ore body, or may be perpendicular to the heading of the ore body, and the heading of the bottom-pulling roadway tunneled in this embodiment is the same as the heading of the ore body.
Constructing a raise: and constructing a raise 40 to the upper section of the middle part upwards on the top plate of the slot drawing area 100 of the bottom drawing roadway, wherein the raise is used as a ventilation channel and is used as a cutting slot to provide a free surface for blasting.
Drilling and tunneling: referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rock drilling and tunneling according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. And (3) tunneling two rock drilling roadways parallel to the bottom-pulling roadway on the ore body 1 above the bottom-pulling roadway 10, namely a first rock drilling roadway 20 and a second rock drilling roadway 30 from bottom to top in sequence. A section of the first rock drilling lane 20 with a certain length from the end is set as a first rock drilling lane grooving area 200, a section of the second rock drilling lane 30 with a length of 8m from the end is set as a second rock drilling lane grooving area 300, and the patio 40 penetrates through the first rock drilling lane grooving area 200 and the second rock drilling lane grooving area 300. As can be seen from fig. 2, the bottom-pulling drift 10 is located at the bottommost layer, the first rock drift 20 is located at the middle layer, and the second rock drift 30 is located at the uppermost layer.
Cutting and mining in a groove drawing area: referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a second rock drilling roadway grooving area when performing grooving area cutting in embodiment 1 of the present invention. Respectively constructing a plurality of first horizontal blast holes 110 to the boundary of an ore body 1 or a stope A stoping control line on two sides of a bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area 100, a first rock-drilling roadway slot-drawing area 200 and a second rock-drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300, firstly charging and blasting the plurality of first horizontal blast holes 110 in the second rock-drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300 on the uppermost layer, and then transporting out ores after blasting; then charging and blasting a plurality of first horizontal blast holes 110 in the first rock drilling roadway slot drawing area 200 in the middle layer, and transporting out ores after blasting; and finally, charging and blasting a plurality of first horizontal blast holes 110 in the bottom-most roadway slot-drawing area 100, and transporting out the ore after blasting.
And (3) twice raising of the groove drawing area: referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a slot-drawing zone of a second rock drilling roadway during a first raising according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of each rock drilling lane and the pull-bottom lane at the first raising in example 1 of the present invention. The first time of raising is carried out on the second rock drilling roadway grooving area 300 located on the uppermost layer, specifically, a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 are constructed on the top plate of the second rock drilling roadway grooving area 300 to reach a first design height, the first design height is 6m, then the plurality of first upward blast holes 120 are charged and blasted, and ores are transported out after blasting. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a groove-drawing zone of a second rock-drilling roadway during a second raising in embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of each rock drilling lane and the pull-bottom lane at the time of the second raising in example 1 of the present invention. And (3) carrying out secondary raising on the second rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300 positioned on the uppermost layer, specifically, constructing a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 to a second design height again on the top plate of the second rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300, wherein the second design height is 12m, then charging and blasting the first upward blast holes 120, and transporting out the ore after blasting. And then, the first raising is performed on the first rock drilling roadway slot drawing area 200, after the first raising is completed, the second raising is performed, and the ore is transported out after each blasting. And finally, carrying out the first lifting on the slot drawing area 100 of the bottom drawing roadway at the bottommost layer, and carrying out the second lifting after the first lifting is finished, wherein the ore is transported out after each blasting. Wherein the vertical distance between the second rock drilling lane 30 and the first rock drilling lane 20, and the vertical distance between the pull-bottom lane 10 and the adjacent first rock drilling lane are both greater than 12m of the second design height.
Specifically, each time the raise is performed, the plurality of first upward blastholes 120 are circularly distributed around the raise 40, and three upward blasthole rings, namely a first upward blasthole ring, a second upward blasthole ring and a third upward blasthole ring, are formed from inside to outside; and after charging the first upward blast hole 120, sequentially blasting the first upward blast hole ring, the second upward blast hole ring and the third upward blast hole ring.
Preferably, after the second drilling roadway slot drawing area 300 is raised twice, the first drilling roadway slot drawing area 200 and the bottom roadway slot drawing area 100 can be simultaneously raised for the first time, and then raised for the second time, so that the blasting frequency of the slot drawing areas is reduced, and the situation that the peripheral mine of the patio 40 is not completely removed or the loose rock on the upper portion falls into the patio 40, and the operators and the equipment at the bottommost layer are damaged is avoided.
Carrying out lateral ore caving in a bottom drawing roadway and a rock drilling roadway: referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of each of the rock drilling roadway and the pull-bottom roadway when performing the lateral caving of the pull-bottom roadway and the rock drilling roadway according to the embodiment of the present invention. The bottom-pulling roadway 10 is segmented, then a plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 are constructed on two sides of a section of the bottom-pulling roadway 10 close to the slot-pulling area 100 of the bottom-pulling roadway to the boundary of the ore body 1, and a plurality of second upward blast holes 140 are constructed on the top plate of the section of the bottom-pulling roadway 10. Meanwhile, the first rock drilling lane 20 is segmented, then a plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 are constructed on two sides of a section of the first rock drilling lane 20 close to the first rock drilling lane slotting region 200 to the boundary of the ore body 1, and a plurality of second upward blast holes 140 are constructed on the top plate of the section of the first rock drilling lane 20. In addition, the second rock drilling lane 30 is also segmented, then a plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 are constructed to the boundary of the ore body 1 for both sides of a section of the second rock drilling lane 30 close to the second rock drilling lane channeling section 300, and a plurality of second upward blast holes 140 are constructed to the roof of the section of the second rock drilling lane 30.
And then, charging a plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 and a plurality of second upward blast holes 140 in the second rock drilling lane 30 from the second rock drilling lane 30 positioned at the uppermost layer, performing lateral blasting in the direction of the second rock drilling lane slot-drawing area 300, and transporting out the ore after blasting. Specifically, the lateral blasting is to make the detonator section close to the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300 sound first, and make the rest sound later, so that the ore is dumped towards the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300. Then, the plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 and the plurality of second upward blast holes 140 in the first rock drilling lane 20 in the middle layer are charged, and the first rock drilling lane slot-drawing zone 200 is blasted laterally, and the ore is transported out after blasting. And finally, charging a plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 and a plurality of second upward blast holes 140 in the bottommost bottom-drawing roadway 10, blasting the blast holes in the lateral direction towards the groove-drawing area 100 of the bottom-drawing roadway, and transporting out the ore after blasting. The blasting manner of the first rock drilling lane 20 and the pull-bottom lane 10 is the same as that of the first rock drilling lane 30. After the completion, the lateral blasting is sequentially repeated from top to bottom for the second rock drilling lane section next to the second rock drilling lane slotting region 300 in the second rock drilling lane 30, the first rock drilling lane section next to the first rock drilling lane slotting region 200 in the first rock drilling lane 20 and the bottom pulling lane section next to the bottom pulling slotting region 100 in the bottom pulling lane 10, and the ore is transported out after each blasting.
Filling: and completing the lateral ore caving of the second rock drilling lane 30, the first rock drilling lane 20 and the bottom-pulling lane 10, and filling the second rock drilling lane 30, the first rock drilling lane 20 and the bottom-pulling lane 10 with fillers. Further, the filling is to fill the second rock drilling lane 30, the first rock drilling lane 20 and the bottom-pulling lane 10 with fillers from top to bottom in sequence.
Example 2
This example is the same as the main steps of the stoping mining method of example 1, except that: the blasting order when carrying out twice the choosing in trombone slide district is different, specifically is:
in this embodiment, when the slot-drawing area is raised twice, the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300 located on the uppermost layer is raised for the first time, specifically, a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 are constructed on the top plate of the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300 to a first design height, the first design height is 6m, the plurality of first upward blast holes 120 are charged and blasted, and the ore is transported out after blasting; then, the first raising is carried out on the first rock drilling roadway slot drawing zone 200; after completion, the first raising is performed on the channel-drawing area 100 of the pull-bottom lane.
Secondly, carrying out secondary raising on the second drilling roadway grooving area 300 on the uppermost layer, specifically, constructing a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 to a second design height again on the top plate of the second drilling roadway grooving area 300, wherein the second design height is 12m, charging and blasting the plurality of first upward blast holes 120, and transporting out ores after blasting; then, the second raising is carried out on the first rock drilling roadway groove drawing zone 200; after completion, the second raising is performed on the channel-drawing area 100 of the pull-bottom lane.
Example 3
This example is the same as the main steps of the stoping mining method of example 1, except that: the blasting order when carrying out twice the choosing in trombone slide district is different, specifically is:
in this embodiment, when the slot-drawing area is raised twice, the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300, the first drilling roadway slot-drawing area 200, and the backing roadway slot-drawing area 100 are simultaneously raised for the first time, specifically, a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 are respectively constructed on the top plate of the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300, the top plate of the first drilling roadway slot-drawing area 200, and the top plate of the backing roadway slot-drawing area 100 to a first design height, the first design height is 6m, and the plurality of first upward blast holes 120 in the second drilling roadway slot-drawing area 300, the first drilling roadway slot-drawing area 200, and the backing roadway slot-drawing area 100 are charged with powder and blasted, and the ore is transported out after blasting.
And then, simultaneously carrying out secondary raising on the second drilling roadway grooving area 300, the first drilling roadway grooving area 200 and the bottom roadway grooving area 100, specifically, respectively carrying out construction again on a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 to a second design height on a top plate of the second drilling roadway grooving area 300, a top plate of the first drilling roadway grooving area 200 and a top plate of the bottom roadway grooving area 100, wherein the second design height is 12m, and simultaneously charging and blasting a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 in the second drilling roadway grooving area 300, the first drilling roadway grooving area 200 and the bottom roadway grooving area 100, and transporting out ores after blasting.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that layered stoping is carried out on at least two tunnels for tunneling the ore body, then the slot areas are arranged at the end parts of each tunnel, and the slot areas are lifted up in a mode of carrying out primary horizontal blasting and secondary upward blasting on each slot area, so that the compensation space of a stope is enlarged, the primary stoping height of the stope is increased, the operation cycle times are reduced, the operation risk is correspondingly reduced, and the anchor rods and anchor nets for safe supporting are saved; meanwhile, personnel operate in a roadway with relatively small space, the exposed area of an operation surface is small, the operation is safe, anchor net support does not need to be carried out on a top plate, and the cost is low. In addition, by arranging more than two sectional roadways for simultaneous stoping, the number of the sectional drifts in one middle section can be reduced due to the increase of the height of the sectional roadway, and the amount of mining-preparation engineering is greatly reduced.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims and the equivalent technology of the present invention if they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A retreating type multi-layered mining method for ore bodies with inclination from thin to medium thickness is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
bottom-pulling tunneling: tunneling a roadway to the end of the ore body to form a bottom-pulling roadway, and setting a section of the bottom-pulling roadway with a certain length from the end of the bottom-pulling roadway as a bottom-pulling roadway grooving area;
constructing a raise: constructing a raise upwards to the upper section of the middle part on the top plate of the slot drawing area of the bottom drawing roadway;
drilling and tunneling: at least one rock drilling lane parallel to the bottom-pulling lane is tunneled in an ore body above the bottom-pulling lane, a section of the rock drilling lane with a certain length from the end of the rock drilling lane is set to be a rock drilling lane slot-pulling area, and the raise penetrates through each rock drilling lane slot-pulling area;
cutting and mining in a groove drawing area: horizontally blasting two sides of each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and two sides of each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area, expanding the width of each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and the width of each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area, and transporting out ores after each blasting;
and (3) twice raising of the groove drawing area: firstly, carrying out first raising on a rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area positioned on the uppermost layer, then carrying out second raising, and then respectively carrying out the first raising and the second raising on each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area from top to bottom; or, starting from the rock drilling roadway grooving area on the uppermost layer, sequentially and respectively carrying out the first-time lifting on each rock drilling roadway grooving area and each bottom-pulling roadway grooving area from top to bottom, and then starting from the rock drilling roadway grooving area on the uppermost layer, sequentially and respectively carrying out the second-time lifting on each rock drilling roadway grooving area and each bottom-pulling roadway grooving area from top to bottom; or simultaneously carrying out the first lifting on each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area, and then simultaneously carrying out the second lifting on each rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area and each bottom-drawing roadway slot-drawing area;
the first raising is to raise a top plate of each rock drilling roadway grooving area or a top plate of the bottom roadway grooving area to a first design height through vertical blasting, and convey out ores after blasting; the second lifting is to lift the top plate of each rock drilling roadway grooving area or the top plate of the bottom roadway grooving area to a second design height through vertical blasting, and convey out ores after blasting; the vertical distance between two adjacent rock drilling roadways and the vertical distance between the bottom pulling roadway and one rock drilling roadway adjacent to the bottom pulling roadway are both larger than the second design height;
carrying out lateral ore caving in a bottom drawing roadway and a rock drilling roadway: respectively segmenting each rock drilling lane and the bottom pulling lane, carrying out lateral blasting on a section of rock drilling lane close to the groove pulling area of the rock drilling lane from the top to the bottom in sequence from the rock drilling lane positioned at the uppermost layer to the groove pulling area of the rock drilling lane, transporting ores after each blasting, finally carrying out the lateral blasting on a section of bottom pulling lane close to the groove pulling area of the bottom pulling lane, and transporting the ores after blasting; then, the lateral blasting is sequentially repeated from top to bottom for the next rock drilling roadway section close to the rock drilling roadway slot-drawing area in each rock drilling roadway and the next bottom-drawing roadway section close to the bottom-drawing slot-drawing area in the bottom-drawing roadway, and ores are transported out after each blasting;
filling: and filling filler into each rock drilling lane and each bottom pulling lane after the lateral ore caving of each rock drilling lane and each bottom pulling lane is completed.
2. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with ore body above thin to medium thickness inclination according to claim 1, characterized by:
when the first picking is carried out, the vertical blasting is to construct a plurality of first upward blast holes to the first design height on the top plate of each rock drilling roadway slotting region or the top plate of the bottom roadway slotting region, and then charge and blast the plurality of first upward blast holes; and when the second time of raising is carried out, the vertical blasting is to construct a plurality of first upward blast holes to the second design height on the top plate of each drilling roadway slot-drawing area or the top plate of the bottom roadway slot-drawing area, and then charge and blast the plurality of first upward blast holes.
3. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with thin to medium thickness inclined ore body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by:
and when the first raising is carried out, the first design height is a position 6-7 m away from the bottom plate of the rock drilling roadway slot drawing area or the bottom plate of the bottom drawing roadway slot drawing area.
4. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with thin to medium thickness inclined ore body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by:
and when the second raising is carried out, the second design height is a position 11-13 m away from the bottom plate of the rock drilling roadway slot drawing area or the bottom plate of the bottom drawing roadway slot drawing area.
5. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with ore body above thin to medium thickness inclination according to claim 1, characterized by:
when carrying out drawing end lane and drilling lane lateral collapse ore deposit, lateral blasting is to each be close to two sides of one section drilling lane of drilling lane trompil district or be close to draw two sides of one section drawing end lane of end lane trompil district a plurality of horizontal big gun holes of second are under construction respectively to two sides, and is close to each the roof of one section drilling lane of drilling lane trompil district or be close to draw the roof of one section drawing end lane of end lane trompil district a plurality of second to the big gun hole of going up of being under construction respectively, then from lieing in the superiors the drilling lane begins, from last to down is to each in proper order a plurality of horizontal big gun holes of second and the second in the drilling lane go up to the big gun hole of powder charge and blast.
6. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
and when the bottom-drawing roadway and the rock-drilling roadway are subjected to lateral ore caving, the second upward blast holes are medium-length holes distributed in a fan shape.
7. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with ore body above thin to medium thickness inclination according to claim 1, characterized by:
and when the cutting mining of the channeling areas is carried out, the horizontal blasting is used for respectively constructing a plurality of first horizontal blast holes to the ore body boundary or stope stoping control lines on two sides of each drilling roadway channeling area or two sides of the bottom roadway channeling area, and then the first horizontal blast holes in each drilling roadway channeling area and the bottom roadway channeling area are respectively charged and blasted.
8. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with thin to medium thickness inclined ore body according to claim 1 or 7, characterized by:
and when the grooving area is cut and mined, sequentially performing horizontal blasting on each grooving area of the rock drilling roadway from the top layer from top to bottom, and finally performing horizontal blasting on the grooving area of the bottom-drawing roadway.
9. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with ore body above thin to medium thickness inclination according to claim 1, characterized by:
the length of the groove-drawing area of the bottom-drawing roadway is 6-10 m, and the length of each groove-drawing area of the rock-drilling roadway is 6-10 m.
10. The method of retreat multiple slice mining with ore body above thin to medium thickness inclination according to claim 1, characterized by:
when the bottom-pulling tunneling is carried out, the direction of the bottom-pulling roadway is the same as the direction of the ore body or is perpendicular to the direction of the ore body.
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