CN110905517B - Continuous mining method suitable for high and middle sections - Google Patents
Continuous mining method suitable for high and middle sections Download PDFInfo
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- CN110905517B CN110905517B CN201911250244.4A CN201911250244A CN110905517B CN 110905517 B CN110905517 B CN 110905517B CN 201911250244 A CN201911250244 A CN 201911250244A CN 110905517 B CN110905517 B CN 110905517B
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous mining method suitable for high and middle sections, which comprises S1, a stoping project, including S101, dividing a high and middle section stope into a plurality of layered stopes; s102, excavating an extravein roadway on the footwall of the ore body along the trend, and excavating a sublevel roadway and a stope connecting roadway, wherein the central line of the stope connecting roadway is vertical to the central line of the corresponding layered stope; s103, arranging a filling return air pedestrian raise which is communicated with an extraarterial roadway, a subsection roadway and a stope connecting roadway; respectively arranging a waste stone ore pass and an ore pass; s104, directly tunneling a bottom-pulling roadway on the upper part of the bottom plate without a bottom column in a high and middle section stope, expanding the roadway to the boundary of a chamber by taking the roadway as a free surface to form a bottom-pulling space, then upward carrying out top-picking mining, and transporting mined ores away; s2, recovery engineering: adopting an upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method in stopes with relatively stable rock conditions; and an upward horizontal access filling mining method is adopted in stopes with relatively broken ore rock conditions. The method can effectively improve the mining strength and the ore removal efficiency of the thin ore body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a continuous mining method suitable for high and middle sections, wherein the high and middle sections refer to a stope with a middle section height of 80-150 meters.
Background
The steeply inclined thin ore body is generally an ore body with an inclination angle of more than 55 degrees and an ore body thickness of less than 4 m. At present, the main mining methods of the steeply inclined thin ore body are a shallow hole shrinkage method and a wall cutting filling method. The shallow hole shrinkage method requires that the thickness of an ore body is not more than 4m, the inclination angle is more than 55 degrees, ore rocks are stable, the yield is single, and the method is a mining method which is relatively suitable for small-size mining; the wall cutting and filling method is a dry filling method for mining extremely thin ore vein, and comprises the steps of respectively caving down surrounding rock and ore in the stoping process, discharging the mined ore through a chute, and retaining the caving waste rock in a goaf for filling, supporting the surrounding rock and serving as a stoping working platform. However, the two mining methods for the steeply inclined thin ore body have the advantages of small mining strength, low ore recovery efficiency, incapability of continuous mining in a stope, low ore grade, high ore loss rate and dilution rate and great reduction of the economic benefit of the mine.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a continuous mining method suitable for high and middle sections, so that the mining strength and the ore removal efficiency of thin ore bodies can be effectively improved, and the ore loss rate and the dilution rate are reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a continuous mining method suitable for high and medium segments, comprising the following steps:
step 101, dividing a high and middle stope into a plurality of layered stopes, wherein the high and middle stopes refer to stopes with the middle section height of 80-150 m, mining is carried out in sequence from bottom to top according to the layered stopes, and the lowest layered stope is taken as the 1 st layered stope;
102, excavating an extravenous roadway on the footwall of the ore body along the trend, wherein the extravenous roadway is away from the footwall boundary of the ore body by a preset distance so as to meet the requirement of the climbing capability of the scraper; then tunneling a subsection roadway; then, excavating a stope connecting roadway which is used for connecting the extravein roadway and the corresponding layered stope of the ore body; or the layered stope is used for communicating the corresponding subsection roadway with the ore body, and the central line of the stope roadway communication is vertical to the central line of the corresponding layered stope;
103, arranging a filling return air pedestrian raise in a high-middle section stope, wherein the filling return air pedestrian raise is communicated with an extraarterial roadway, a subsection roadway and a stope connecting roadway of the stope; respectively arranging a waste stone chute and an ore chute in a high and middle section stope;
104, directly tunneling a bottom-pulling roadway on the upper part of the bottom plate without a bottom column in a high and middle section stope, expanding the roadway to the boundary of a chamber by taking the roadway as a free surface to form a bottom-pulling space, then upward carrying out top-picking mining, and transporting mined ores away;
step 201, arranging stope connecting lanes in the middle of corresponding layered stopes, and dividing the layered stopes into a left chamber and a right chamber to carry out stoping simultaneously;
step 202, carrying out rib stripping and roof pressing on the bottom of the layered stope; when the layered stope is the 1 st layered stope, constructing an artificial concrete false bottom on the 1 st layered stope to form a false top of the next middle-section stope;
step 203, plugging and filling the retaining wall after the false bottom is solidified, and filling the layered stope;
step 204, after the filling is finished, carrying out roof pressing on the stope connecting roadway corresponding to the layered stope in the step 201, so that the filling cementing surface of the stope connecting roadway of the layered stope after the roof pressing is flush with the bottom plate of the stope connecting roadway of the next layered stope;
step 205, carrying out mining work of the layered stope, when the layered stope is a 1 st or 2 nd layered stope, conveying mined ores out through a scraper, when the layered stope is not the 1 st or 2 nd layered stope, discharging the ores through an ore chute, and discharging barren rocks through a barren rock chute;
and step 206, constructing stope roadway connection in the next subsection roadway according to the preset gradient, and repeating the steps until stoping and filling of the high-middle-section stope are completed.
Preferably, in the step 203, when the upward horizontal cut and fill mining method is adopted, a reserved space is reserved for filling the cut and fill stope, that is, the filling height is lower than the stope roof of the cut and fill stope by a preset height; when an upward horizontal access filling mining method is adopted, all roof-contacting filling is carried out when the layered stope is filled.
Preferably, in the step 206, the stope roadway is constructed in the next sublevel roadway at a gradient of-10 ° to-13 °.
The scheme has the advantages that the mining method of the steeply inclined thin ore body is improved by the continuous mining method suitable for the high and middle sections, so that the mining strength and the mining efficiency of the thin ore body are greatly improved; the mining method provided by the invention can obviously improve the ore removal efficiency, increase the ore removal capacity and reduce the loss rate and dilution rate caused by collapse of surrounding rocks on two sides; the amount of exploration, development and accurate mining engineering of a stope can be reduced, and the investment of mine engineering is reduced; the ore output can be increased, and the ore dressing grade can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the mining of a mining area in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional structure view in the direction of a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure in the direction B-B in fig. 1.
FIG. 4(a) shows a schematic of the filling of a stratified stope when upward horizontal access cut-and-fill mining is employed; (b) a schematic illustration of the filling of a stratified stope is shown when an upward horizontal stratified-charge mining method is used.
Reference numerals: 1-extrapulous roadway; 2-connecting the stope with the roadway; 3-ore pass; 4-a barren rock draw shaft; 5-filling a return air pedestrian raise; 6-layered stope; 7-sectional roadway; 10-tailing filling; 11-waste rock filling; 12-ore body.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention relates to a continuous mining method for high and medium segments, comprising the following steps:
step 101, dividing a high and middle stope into a plurality of layered stopes 6, wherein the high and middle stope refers to a stope with a middle section height of 80-150 m, mining is carried out in the sequence of the layered stopes 6 from bottom to top, and the lowest layered stope 6 is taken as the 1 st layered stope. In this embodiment, assuming that the height of the middle section of the high and middle section stopes is 150m, the high and middle section stopes are firstly divided into a plurality of sublevel stopes, the sublevel height of the sublevel stopes is 10m, and then each sublevel stope is divided into a plurality of layered stopes, the layered height of each sublevel stope is 3.5 m.
102, excavating an extravenous roadway 1 on the footwall of an ore body 12 along the trend, wherein the extravenous roadway 1 is away from the footwall boundary of the ore body by a preset distance, such as 16 meters, so as to meet the requirement of the climbing capability of a scraper; then, excavating a subsection roadway 7, wherein the subsection roadway 7 is communicated with an extrapulse roadway 1, and the extrapulse roadway 1 is a middle extrapulse roadway; then, a stope connecting lane 2 is excavated, and the stope connecting lane 2 is used for connecting the vein outer lane 1 with a corresponding layered stope 6 of an ore body; or a layered stope 6 for communicating the corresponding subsection roadway 7 with the ore body, and the centerline of the stope roadway 2 is perpendicular to the centerline of the corresponding layered stope 6.
103, arranging a filling return air pedestrian patio 5 in a high-middle section stope, wherein the filling return air pedestrian patio 5 is used as a second safety outlet, and the filling return air pedestrian patio 5 is communicated with an extrapulous roadway 1, a subsection roadway 7 and a stope connecting roadway 2 of the stope; and a waste stone ore pass 4 and an ore pass 3 are respectively arranged on the stopes at the high and middle sections.
And step 104, directly tunneling a bottom-pulling roadway on the upper part of the bottom plate without a bottom column in the high and middle section stopes, expanding the roadway to the boundary of a chamber by taking the roadway as a free surface to form a bottom-pulling space, upward carrying out top-pulling mining, and transporting mined ores away.
step 201, arranging the stope connecting lane 2 in the middle of the corresponding layered stope 6, and dividing the layered stope 6 into a left chamber and a right chamber for stoping simultaneously. In this embodiment, the length of the layered stope is 80m, and the stope is located in the middle of the layered stope by connecting lanes, so that the layered stope is divided into the left and right chambers with the length of 40 m.
Step 202, carrying out rib stripping and roof pressing on the bottom of the layered stope 6; when the layered stope is the 1 st layered stope, an artificial concrete false bottom is constructed on the 1 st layered stope to form a false top of the next middle-section stope. And recording the stope below the current middle stope as the next middle stope.
And step 203, plugging and filling the retaining wall after the false bottom is solidified, and filling the layered stope 6. When an upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method is adopted, a reserved space is reserved when the cut-and-fill stope 6 is filled, namely the filling height is lower than the stope roof of the cut-and-fill stope by a preset height, as shown in fig. 4 (b); when the upward horizontal drift cut-and-fill mining method is adopted, all roof-contacting filling is carried out when the layered stope is filled, as shown in fig. 4(a), and particularly, when the filling is carried out, the tailing filling body 10 can be used for filling.
And 204, after the filling is finished, performing roof pressing on the stope connecting lane 2 corresponding to the layered stope 6 in the step 201, so that the filling cementing surface of the stope connecting lane 2 of the layered stope 6 after the roof pressing is flush with the bottom plate of the stope connecting lane 2 of the next layered stope 6. Specifically, when the stope connecting roadway 2 is filled, the waste rock filling body 11 can be used for filling.
And step 205, carrying out mining work of the layered stope 6, when the layered stope 6 is the 1 st or 2 nd layered stope, conveying mined ores out by a scraper, when the layered stope 6 is not the 1 st or 2 nd layered stope, discharging the ores out by an ore chute 3, and discharging barren rocks out by a barren rock chute 4.
And step 206, constructing the stope connecting roadway 2 in the next subsection roadway according to the preset gradient, and repeating the steps until stoping and filling of the high-middle-section stope are completed. In this embodiment, the stope gangway is constructed in the next sublevel roadway at a gradient of-10 to-13.
The continuous mining method applicable to high and middle sections improves the stoping method of the steeply inclined thin ore body, and greatly improves the mining strength and the stoping efficiency of the thin ore body; the mining method provided by the invention can obviously improve the ore removal efficiency, increase the ore removal capacity and reduce the loss rate and dilution rate caused by collapse of surrounding rocks on two sides; the amount of exploration, development and accurate mining engineering of a stope can be reduced, and the investment of mine engineering is reduced; the ore output can be increased, and the ore dressing grade can be improved. The mining method can also detect whether ore bodies exist around in a short distance while mining so as to avoid useless mining, further avoid influencing ground pressure and improve the mining safety. The continuous mining method suitable for the high and middle sections is suitable for mining thin ore bodies and thick ore bodies, wherein the thin ore bodies are ore bodies with the thickness of 0.8-4 m, and when the method is used for mining the thick ore bodies, the mining cost is obviously reduced.
Claims (2)
1. A continuous mining method suitable for high and middle sections is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, a mining preparation project, which comprises the following steps:
step 101, dividing a high and middle stope into a plurality of layered stopes, wherein the high and middle stopes refer to stopes with the middle section height of 80-150 m, mining is carried out in sequence from bottom to top according to the layered stopes, and the lowest layered stope is taken as the 1 st layered stope;
102, excavating an extravenous roadway on the footwall of the ore body along the trend, wherein the extravenous roadway is away from the footwall boundary of the ore body by a preset distance so as to meet the requirement of the climbing capability of the scraper; then tunneling a subsection roadway; then, excavating a stope connecting roadway which is used for connecting the extravein roadway and the corresponding layered stope of the ore body; or the layered stope is used for communicating the corresponding subsection roadway with the ore body, and the central line of the stope roadway communication is vertical to the central line of the corresponding layered stope;
103, arranging a filling return air pedestrian raise in a high-middle section stope, wherein the filling return air pedestrian raise is communicated with an extraarterial roadway, a subsection roadway and a stope connecting roadway of the stope; respectively arranging a waste stone chute and an ore chute in a high and middle section stope;
104, directly tunneling a bottom-pulling roadway on the upper part of the bottom plate without a bottom column in a high and middle section stope, expanding the roadway to the boundary of a chamber by taking the roadway as a free surface to form a bottom-pulling space, then upward carrying out top-picking mining, and transporting mined ores away;
step 2, stoping engineering: according to the stability condition of the ore rocks, different mining methods are adopted in the stope: adopting an upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method in stopes with relatively stable rock conditions; adopting an upward horizontal access filling mining method in a stope with relatively broken ore rock conditions; both methods comprise the following steps:
step 201, arranging stope connecting lanes in the middle of corresponding layered stopes, and dividing the layered stopes into a left chamber and a right chamber to carry out stoping simultaneously;
step 202, carrying out rib stripping and roof pressing on the bottom of the layered stope; when the layered stope is the 1 st layered stope, constructing an artificial concrete false bottom on the 1 st layered stope to form a false top of the next middle-section stope;
step 203, plugging and filling the retaining wall after the false bottom is solidified, and filling the layered stope; when an upward horizontal layered filling mining method is adopted, a reserved space is reserved when a layered stope is filled, namely the filling height is lower than a stope roof of the layered stope by a preset height; when an upward horizontal access filling mining method is adopted, all roof-contacting filling is carried out when the layered stope is filled;
step 204, after the filling is finished, carrying out roof pressing on the stope connecting roadway corresponding to the layered stope in the step 201, so that the filling cementing surface of the stope connecting roadway of the layered stope after the roof pressing is flush with the bottom plate of the stope connecting roadway of the next layered stope;
step 205, carrying out mining work of the layered stope, when the layered stope is a 1 st or 2 nd layered stope, conveying mined ores out through a scraper, when the layered stope is not the 1 st or 2 nd layered stope, discharging the ores through an ore chute, and discharging barren rocks through a barren rock chute;
and step 206, constructing stope roadway connection in the next subsection roadway according to the preset gradient, and repeating the steps until stoping and filling of the high-middle-section stope are completed.
2. The continuous mining method for high and medium segments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 206, the stope connecting roadway is constructed in the next subsection roadway according to the gradient of-10 degrees to-13 degrees.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111663945A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-15 | 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿 | Open roof cutting roadway type upward wide drift filling mining method |
| CN113266354B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-09-06 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司深井开采实验室分公司 | Two-step stoping upward filling mining method along strike layered route |
| CN113187482B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-03-01 | 山东金洲矿业集团有限公司 | Upward mining quasi-downward drift filling mining method |
| CN113982588A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-01-28 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | High-dipping extremely-thin ore body gob subsequent dry filling mining method and application |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| RU2441163C1 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-27 | Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт проблем комплексного освоения недр Российской академии наук (УРАН ИПКОН РАН) | Method for underground development of sloping and inclined ore bodies of low and medium intensity |
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