CN108756885B - downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method for steeply-inclined ore body with extremely-broken ore rock - Google Patents
downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method for steeply-inclined ore body with extremely-broken ore rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN108756885B CN108756885B CN201810456348.XA CN201810456348A CN108756885B CN 108756885 B CN108756885 B CN 108756885B CN 201810456348 A CN201810456348 A CN 201810456348A CN 108756885 B CN108756885 B CN 108756885B
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method for a steeply inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rock is characterized in that the ore body is mined from top to bottom or from bottom to top in a layered approach; after the layered connecting channel is tunneled, ore bodies enter along the layered connecting channel, a cantilever type tunneling machine is used for replacing blasting ore falling, each layered thin ore body falls along the trend, or thick ore bodies vertically move at intervals or sequentially move to fall, the moving paths are arranged at full height, a forklift is used for ore removal, the whole layered single-step or two-step forward mining and retreating type filling are carried out, then the layered thin ore body is transferred to the next layer, and the mining is carried out downwards under the top plate of the filling body or upwards on the bottom plate of the filling body; the method is an integrated innovation of a downward (upward) cemented filling mining method and ore breaking of a fully-mechanized excavating machine. The method reduces the damage to surrounding rocks due to mechanical ore breaking, and in addition, the single hydraulic prop, the pi-shaped beam and the laid plastic net protect the roof and the side during mining, and the hydraulic prop is withdrawn during filling, so that the method is efficient and safe, low in ore loss and dilution rate, flexible in stope arrangement and easy to realize exploration and mining combination.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method for a steeply inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rocks, which is suitable for mining a steeply inclined high-grade ore body with unstable ore and surrounding rocks or unstable ore.
Background
In the former-river gold mine in Songyongcounty, the f coefficient of ore body and near-ore surrounding rock within 5-8 m from the ore body is less than 4, and the ore rock is extremely broken. When the upward cemented filling mining method is used for stoping, the roof and two sides are easy to collapse, loss and depletion are caused, mining safety is endangered, the roof and the sides of the portal wooden supports are almost required to be densely arranged close to the supports, the advance supports are required to ensure that roof ores do not collapse, the supports cannot be recovered in the filling process, the mining cost is up to 300 yuan/t, and the daily mining stone amount of a stope (access road) is less than 20 t. By adopting a downward cemented filling mining method, stoping is carried out under a cemented artificial roof, although the caving of the roof ore is controllable, the support is still required to be closely adjacent to the support to densely arrange a wooden support protective wall to prevent the wall from collapsing, the wooden support cannot be recovered in the filling process, the mining cost is up to about 300 yuan/t, and the daily mining stone amount of a stope (access road) is not more than 20 t. And the upward or downward cementing filling, the construction and maintenance of ore chutes in ore bodies or near-ore surrounding rocks are extremely costly, but the loss and dilution are strictly controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method for a steeply inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rock, a filling well or a chute and a spiral slope ramp are arranged in a footwall stable surrounding rock which is 8m away from the ore body, a cantilever type tunneling machine enters a layered approach from top to bottom or from bottom to top by virtue of a layered connecting road and the slope ramp, the ore is extracted in a forward advancing manner, a single hydraulic prop and a pi-shaped beam are filled and withdrawn in a backward manner, the cantilever type tunneling machine is used for replacing blasting ore dropping, the extraction cost is less than 80 yuan/t, and the daily mining stone of a stope (approach) can reach 220t, so that the daily mining capacity of the stope (approach) is greatly improved, and the mining cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method for a steeply inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rock is characterized in that the ore body is mined from top to bottom or from bottom to top in a layered approach; after the layered connecting channel is tunneled, the ore body is entered along the layered connecting channel, a cantilever type tunneling machine is used for replacing blasting ore falling, all high routes are arranged along the trend or vertical trend of the ore body in each layer, ore falling is carried out at intervals or in sequence, a forklift is used for ore removal, the next layer is shifted after the whole layered single-step or two-step recovery and filling are finished, and the recovery is carried out downwards under a filling body top plate or upwards on a filling body bottom plate.
The cantilever type development machine enters a stope from a ramp way and a layered connecting way, and carries out layered stoping on ore bodies from top to bottom or from bottom to top:
For the thin vein ore body, the mining is carried out in a forward mode along the trend in the layering mode, the pillar is withdrawn in a backward mode, and the filling is carried out, so that the single-step mining is realized;
the method comprises the steps of arranging an access (stope) in a vertical direction in a layer for a thick and large ore body, carrying out interval or sequential two-step stoping in the layer, adopting forward mining along the access to the boundary of an upper plate of the ore body in the stope, then carrying out backward prop withdrawal and filling, then carrying out interval or sequential access mining, and carrying out interval or sequential access mining of the second step after the mining in the first step is finished.
In the mining process, the working face is supported by adopting a cantilever type tunneling machine for ore falling, a forklift for ore transportation, a single hydraulic prop, a pi-shaped beam, a plastic net and a local anchor rod.
The invention adopts the following method to fill and retract the supporting column:
and (3) downward cemented filling mining, when the cantilever type heading machine finishes mining one side and moves to an access way on the other side, paving a filling pipeline in the access way on the side which finishes stoping and connecting the filling pipeline with a main filling system, and filling the access way twice, wherein the first time is bottoming filling, and the second time is ordinary filling on the upper part of the access way. Wherein, the reinforced concrete false bottom is adopted during the first bottoming filling, namely, a reinforcing mesh is laid on the pavement bottoming filling layer, the support is withdrawn for 2-4m each time, a flexible retaining wall is erected for carrying out the first filling and preventing slurry from running, and the operation is circulated until the pavement filling is finished;
And (4) upward cemented filling mining, wherein the access filling is finished at one time after the pillars with the length of 2-4m are withdrawn each time, and a reinforcing mesh does not need to be laid on the bottom layer.
the invention adopts the following protection method to prevent the collapse of the lateral rock mass or roof rock mass in the process of pillar withdrawal and mining from falling into the filling body:
the downward layered approach is filled, before the single hydraulic prop is erected, a plastic net is laid firstly, partial anchor rods protect the side wall, and the single hydraulic prop extrudes the side wall as tightly as possible, so that the side wall surrounding rocks are prevented from collapsing in the processes of prop withdrawal and exploitation;
And (3) upward layered approach filling, wherein before the single hydraulic prop is erected, a plastic net is laid firstly, partial anchor rods protect the side wall and the top, and the single hydraulic prop extrudes the side wall and the top plate as tightly as possible, so that the side wall surrounding rocks are prevented from caving in the processes of prop withdrawal and mining, and meanwhile, the top plate ore is prevented from caving.
Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the blasting damage to surrounding rocks due to mechanical ore breaking, and in addition, the hydraulic prop, the pi-shaped beam, the paved plastic net for protecting the roof and the side during mining and the pillar during filling are withdrawn, so that the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, low ore loss and dilution rate, flexible stope arrangement and easy realization of exploration and mining combination.
drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the mining method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-upper middle section air return roadway; 2-the upper and middle sections are through the vessels; 3-filling a ventilation shaft; 4-ore body to be mined; 5-a filling body; 6-pass shaft; 7-filling the retaining wall; 8-main transportation lane along the vein; 9-a heading machine; 10-a monolithic pillar; 11-layered communication roadways; 12-layered haulage roadway; and 13-adopting a slope ramp.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a roadway support system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a downward or upward cemented-filling mechanized mining method.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the mining method is suitable for mining high-grade ore bodies with high inclination and unstable ores and surrounding rocks or only unstable ores. The method comprises the following steps: from top to bottom, or from bottom to top; after the layered connecting channel is tunneled, ore bodies enter along the layered connecting channel, a cantilever type tunneling machine is used for replacing blasting ore falling, all high routes are arranged along the direction (thin ore body) or the vertical direction (thick ore body) of each layer, ore falling is carried out at intervals or in sequence, a forklift is used for ore removal, the next layer is shifted after the whole layered single-step or two-step mining and filling are finished, and the mining is carried out downwards on the top plate of the filling body or upwards on the bottom plate of the filling body. The method is an integrated innovation of a downward or upward cemented filling mining method and ore dropping of a fully mechanized excavating machine (cantilever type excavating machine). The method reduces the damage to surrounding rocks due to mechanical ore breaking, and in addition, the single hydraulic prop, the pi-shaped beam and the laid plastic net protect the roof and the side during mining, and the hydraulic prop is withdrawn during filling, so that the method is efficient and safe, low in ore loss and dilution rate, flexible in stope arrangement and easy to realize exploration and mining combination.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1) Mode of movement of machine between compartments
the cantilever type development machine 9 enters a stope (access road) from the slope road 13 and the layered connecting road 11, carries out mining on the thin vein ore body from top (bottom) to bottom (top) layer by layer, carries out forward mining on the body to be mined 4 in the access road along the trend, carries out backward type back pillar 10 and pipeline conveying filling body 5, and carries out backward filling step by step on the mined access road and the layered connecting road 11, thereby realizing single-step mining; and (3) for thick and large ore bodies, similarly layering, arranging an access road in a vertical direction, stoping the to-be-mined ore body 4 in two steps at intervals or in sequence in the access road, stoping the to-be-mined ore body 4 in a forward advancing manner along the access road to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body in the stoping process, then carrying out backward type prop drawing 10 and pipeline conveying filling bodies 5, gradually backing and filling the stoped access road or layered connecting road 11, similarly mining the to-be-mined ore body 4 in the interval or sequential access road, and similarly filling and carrying out interval or sequential stoping of the to-be-mined ore body 4 in the access road left in the second step after the mining in the first step is finished. After all the mining and filling are finished, the lower (upper) layer of the body to be mined 4 is similarly mined.
2) Migration mode, ore removal mode and support mode of fully-mechanized excavating machine 9 and foundation and mode for applying lateral pressure and top pressure of support
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the working face is supported by a cantilever type development machine 9 for ore dropping, a forklift for ore removal and a single hydraulic prop 10+ pi-shaped beam 14. The shoveling machine is transported to the chute 6 along the layered connecting channel 11 and the layered transportation roadway 12 for ore loading after following the cantilever type tunneling machine 9, and the mine car is transported to the cage vertical shaft along the large vein transportation roadway 8 and lifted to the ground ore bin after ore drawing at the bottom of the chute 6.
3) Method for filling and retracting the prop 10
referring to fig. 2 and 3, in downward cemented filling mining, when the boom-type roadheader 9 finishes mining one side and moves to an approach on the other side, a filling pipeline is laid in the approach on the side which finishes stoping to connect with a main filling system, and the approach filling is carried out twice, wherein the first time is bottoming filling, and the second time is ordinary filling on the upper part of the approach. In order to improve the integrity of the artificial false roof for the lower-layer mining, a reinforced concrete false bottom is adopted during the first bottoming filling, namely, a reinforced mesh is laid on the route bottoming filling layer, the supporting columns are withdrawn for two to four meters each time, a flexible retaining wall 7 is erected for the first filling and preventing grout leakage, and the operation is circulated until the route filling is finished. And (3) upward cemented filling mining, wherein after the pillars 10 are withdrawn by two to four meters each time and the flexible retaining wall 7 is erected, the access filling can be finished at one time without laying a reinforcing mesh on the bottom layer.
4) protection mode for preventing side slope rock mass from collapsing and falling into filling body 5 when strut 10 is withdrawn
referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to prevent the side wall surrounding rock from collapsing when the prop 10 is retracted, a plastic net is laid and a partial anchor rod is used to protect the side wall before the hydraulic prop 10 is erected, and the hydraulic prop 10 is pressed against the side wall as tightly as possible. The upward layered approach is filled, not only the side wall surrounding rocks are prevented from collapsing when the support 10 is withdrawn, but also the top plate ores are prevented from falling, therefore, before the single hydraulic support 10 is erected, a plastic net is laid, local anchor rods are used for protecting the side wall and the top, and the single hydraulic support 10 extrudes the side wall and the top plate as tightly as possible.
5) Ventilation mode for stope (access road)
the mining is carried out from top (bottom) to bottom (top) layer by layer, fresh wind flows enter the layer by layer access (stope) along the vein haulage roadway 8 and the slope way 13 at the lower middle section, the dust generated by cutting the ore body by the cantilever type development machine 9 and loading the ore by the scraper is discharged to the filling ventilation shaft 3 by the extraction type fan and the wind barrel at the access, and is discharged out of the ground surface through the vein penetrating 2 at the upper middle section and the air return roadway 1 at the upper middle section. The used layered communication road 11 and the chute 6 above the layered main transportation roadway can be used as a filling and ventilating patio 3, so that the filling pipeline is discharged and lowered from the upper part; the used layered communication road 11 and the chute 6 below the layered main haulage roadway are used as the chute 6 for lowering ores.
Claims (3)
1. A downward or upward cemented filling mechanized mining method of a steeply inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rock is characterized in that the ore is mined from top to bottom or from bottom to top by a layered approach; after the layered connecting channel is tunneled, an ore body is entered along the layered connecting channel, a cantilever type tunneling machine is used for replacing blasting ore falling, an access way is arranged at full height along the trend or vertical trend of the ore body in each layer, ore falling is performed at intervals or in sequence, a forklift is used for ore removal, the next layer is shifted after the whole layered single-step or two-step forward type stoping and retreating type filling are finished, and stoping is performed downwards under a top plate of a filling body or upwards on a bottom plate of the filling body;
Wherein, the following method is adopted for filling and retracting the support column:
Downward cemented filling mining, when the cantilever type heading machine finishes mining one side and moves to an approach on the other side, a filling pipeline is laid in the approach on the side which finishes stoping to connect with a main filling system, the approach filling is carried out by two times, the first time is backing filling, the second time is ordinary filling on the upper part of the approach, wherein, the first backing filling adopts reinforced concrete false bottom, namely, a reinforced mesh is laid on a backing filling layer of the approach; withdrawing the support column for 2-4m each time, erecting a flexible retaining wall, filling for one time to prevent slurry from running, and circulating until the filling of the approach is finished;
Upward cemented filling mining, wherein after the pillars with the length of 2-4m are withdrawn each time, the access filling is completed at one time without laying a reinforcing mesh on the bottom layer;
The following protection method is adopted to prevent the side wall rock from collapsing and falling into the filling body when the support is withdrawn:
Downward layered approach filling, wherein before erecting the single hydraulic prop, a plastic net is laid firstly, partial anchor rods protect the side wall, and the single hydraulic prop extrudes the side wall as tightly as possible, so that the side wall surrounding rock is prevented from collapsing when the prop is withdrawn;
And (3) upward layered access filling, wherein before the single hydraulic prop is erected, a plastic net is laid firstly, partial anchor rods protect the side wall and the top, and the single hydraulic prop extrudes the side wall and the top plate as tightly as possible, so that the side wall surrounding rock is prevented from collapsing when the prop is withdrawn, and meanwhile, the ore of the top plate is prevented from caving.
2. The method for mining the steeply inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rocks by mechanical downward or upward cemented filling according to claim 1, characterized in that a cantilever type heading machine is used for entering a stope from a slope way and a layered connecting way, and the ore body is subjected to layered mining from top to bottom or from bottom to top as follows:
For the thin vein ore body, the mining is carried out in a forward mode along the trend in the layering mode, the pillar is withdrawn in a backward mode, and the filling is carried out, so that the single-step mining is realized;
And (3) arranging an access in a vertical direction in the layering of the thick and large ore body, carrying out interval or sequential two-step stoping in the layering, carrying out forward linear mining along the access to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body in the stoping, then carrying out backward prop extraction and filling, carrying out interval or sequential access mining, and carrying out interval or sequential access mining of the second step after the mining in the first step is finished.
3. the method for mining the steeply-inclined ore body with extremely broken ore rocks mechanically by downward or upward cemented filling according to claim 1, wherein during mining, a boom-type excavator is used for ore dropping, a forklift is used for ore removal, and a single hydraulic prop, the pi-shaped beam, the plastic net and a local anchor rod are used for supporting.
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| CN109252863B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-08-14 | 湖南黄金洞矿业有限责任公司 | Method for exploiting broken thick ore body by using coal roadway tunneling machine |
| CN110863829A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-03-06 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for mining steeply inclined coal seam by fully-mechanized excavating machine |
| CN111255459B (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-11-17 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Combined downward mechanized filling mining method for steeply inclined extremely-broken ore vein |
| CN111894667B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-05-07 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Upward double-layered drift filling mining method for recoverable support shield of broken ore body |
| CN112012744A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-01 | 陕西华源矿业有限责任公司 | Comprehensive mechanized ore breaking layered filling mining method |
| CN112360463A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-02-12 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mechanical mining method for thick and large ore body development machine |
| CN112943292B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-13 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Circle shape inclined shaft construction structures suitable for coastal waters downtown area secretly digs subway station |
| CN113107588B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-06-27 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | Construction method of downward layered cemented filling mining method layered connecting road |
| CN113719287B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-09-30 | 北京科技大学 | Downward access filling mining method for complex broken ore body |
| CN115030723B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-03-31 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking two-step turn-back type access filling mining method |
| CN114687739B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-04-07 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Upward horizontal layered filling mining method with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking arranged perpendicular to trend |
| CN117722181B (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-04-26 | 贵州息烽磷矿有限责任公司 | Method and system for mining steep-inclined thick and large ore body protection column |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE3501128C3 (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-11-12 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Sealing for the execution of underground structures |
| CN100485161C (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-05-06 | 邯邢冶金矿山管理局设计研究院 | Upward spacing admission passage filling mining method |
| CN101158287A (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-04-09 | 北京科技大学 | Honey comb structure consolidated fill mining method |
| CN106869931B (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-09-20 | 广西高峰矿业有限责任公司 | A kind of barren rock and cementing layering wedging mining with stowing technique and its structure |
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