CN114005963A - Modification method of graphite negative plate of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Modification method of graphite negative plate of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114005963A CN114005963A CN202111286920.0A CN202111286920A CN114005963A CN 114005963 A CN114005963 A CN 114005963A CN 202111286920 A CN202111286920 A CN 202111286920A CN 114005963 A CN114005963 A CN 114005963A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004137 mechanical activation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002074 nanoribbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a method for modifying a graphite cathode plate by laser etching for a lithium ion battery. And (3) placing the prepared graphite cathode plate which is not processed at all under a laser probe, and adjusting laser parameters. Under the condition of not damaging the overall structure of the graphite negative plate, the surface of the graphite negative plate is etched by laser to form gullies and defects, and the final product is obtained. Solves the problems of complex procedures, environmental pollution, large energy consumption and the like of the traditional heat treatment, chemical etching, mechanical activation and the like in the prior art. The electrochemical performance of the graphite electrode after laser etching is obviously improved: the discharge specific capacity of 300-450mAh/g is shown under the current density of 50mA/g, the capacity of 120-350mA/g is still obtained after the circuit is cycled for 300 circles under the current density of 1A/g, and the circuit has higher discharge specific capacity and good cycling stability. The method provides a simple, green and universal strategy for realizing the structural modification and performance improvement of the graphite negative plate.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery materials, and provides a method for modifying a graphite negative plate by laser etching and application of the graphite negative plate as a lithium ion battery negative electrode.
Background art:
the cathode material is used as an important component of the secondary energy storage battery and plays a decisive role in the performance of the secondary energy storage battery. The graphite is a cathode material with the highest commercialization degree at present due to abundant resources, low cost, environmental friendliness, low charge-discharge voltage platform and good stability. Although there are many alternatives to materials with high specific capacity (such as Si, Sn, Sb and metal oxides), these materials are often accompanied by the disadvantages of low density, low coulombic efficiency and high potential plateau, which make them far less valuable for practical applications than graphite-based materials. Graphite will remain the dominant negative electrode material for current commercial batteries for the next decades. However, the specific capacity, rate capability and low temperature performance of graphite are poor, and the requirements of the new generation of electric vehicles on power systems with high energy density and high power density cannot be completely met. Therefore, in order to improve the electrochemical performance of the graphite electrode, further modification studies on the graphite negative electrode are required.
Currently, the research on surface modification of graphite focuses mainly on changing the kind and amount of surface functional groups and changing surface defects. Mainly comprises oxidation, fluorination, reduction, mechanical activation, doping, surface coating and the like. Although the modification modes can change the interface property and the electronic state of the graphite to different degrees, the conductivity of the graphite cathode and the diffusion rate of lithium ions are improved, and the high-current charge-discharge performance and the cycle performance are further improved. But results in an increase in the specific surface area and defects of the sample and a decrease in the first coulombic efficiency. Meanwhile, the problems of complex process, high energy consumption, environmental pollution, equipment corrosion, poor product repeatability, poor controllability of the morphology structure and the like exist. The key points of graphite modification are still to reduce cost, reduce pollution and improve cycle and charge-discharge performance.
Laser, one of the high energy beam processing means, has the characteristics of monochromaticity, high directionality, energy distribution concentration and the like, and has some unique advantages including selective and local processing, submicron feature size, no need for chemicals or heating equipment, and flexible pattern compatibility. The method is widely applied to optical element preparation, solar cell silicon wafer punching, graphene preparation, cutting and thinning. For example, Kumar et al irradiate multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a pulsed laser to produce axially open graphene nanoribbons without the need for any chemical additionChemical reagent (Nanoscale,2011,3, 2127-. Sokolov et al directly ablate graphite oxide with low power continuous laser and two pulsed lasers of different wavelengths to form pits in the surface (J.Phys.chem.Lett.2010,1, 2633-. Wenli Zhang takes a hydro-thermally synthesized amorphous Carbon Nanosphere (CNS) as a precursor, is converted into a turbulent graphite carbon electrode after laser etching, and has 28W cm when being used as an electrode of a traditional super capacitor device-3High volumetric power density (Small Methods,2019,1900005). Therefore, the laser etching technology is widely applied to the aspects of material structure modification and controllable preparation of electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Laser ablation is the breaking of a series of chemical bonds induced by photoelectric or photothermal effects when a laser beam is focused on a target. The material receives the conducted heat energy, is re-solidified or the surface material is melted, or is combusted before carbonization, and for the carbon material with better absorption performance, the evaporation of the material or the ablation of particles can occur in a short time to form a groove with a certain depth, thereby realizing the purpose of etching the material. Therefore, the laser technology which is simple, green, low in cost and easy to operate is adopted, the graphite electrode slice is subjected to one-step laser etching modification, and when the graphite electrode slice is used as the cathode of the lithium ion electrode, the graphite electrode slice has higher reversible capacity and rate capability and good cycling stability, and has wide application prospect.
The invention content is as follows:
in view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for laser modification of a graphite electrode sheet, which is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mechanically blending a graphite sample, a conductive agent and an adhesive in a certain proportion to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on a copper foil to prepare an electrode slice, and drying in vacuum;
step two: setting the wavelength of laser to be 150nm-1500nm and the laser scanning speed to be 0.1-100 cm/s;
step three: placing the electrode plate under a laser probe, setting a preset area scanned by a laser focusing spot by adopting the laser parameters, and performing one-step laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain a final product;
the raw material graphite is selected from one or more of natural graphite, coke-based artificial graphite, graphitized onion carbon material, stone mesophase pitch carbon microspheres and polyimide graphite.
The laser is one or more of a gas laser, a crystal laser, a semiconductor laser and a fiber laser.
The preset scanning of the laser focusing spot is one or two of linear scanning and surface scanning.
The laser etching atmosphere is one or more of vacuum, nitrogen, oxygen or ammonia atmosphere.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: and determining proper laser power and scanning speed, wherein the power is too low, the scanning speed is too high, the influence on the electrode plate is too low, and the modification effect cannot be achieved. The power is too high, the sweeping speed is too slow, the electrode plate structure is damaged, and the electrode plate structure is seriously damaged, so that the electrochemical performance of the cathode of the lithium ion battery is influenced.
The graphite negative plate with the surface provided with gullies and defects and the complete internal structure is obtained.
The further preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the laser modified electrode slice is obtained by the method of modifying the graphite cathode slice by laser etching and is directly used as the cathode of the lithium ion electrode.
The laser etching modified graphite negative electrode plate directly modifies the graphite electrode plate, has the advantages of integration and one-step forming, is simple and controllable in preparation process flow, mature in technology, energy-saving, pollution-free and capable of being prepared in a large scale. Meanwhile, the stability of the whole structure of the graphite electrode plate is kept while the modification of the graphite electrode plate is realized. The lithium ion battery shows more excellent cycle performance and rate capability: the discharge specific capacity of 300-450mAh/g is shown at the current density of 50mA/g, and the capacity of 120-350mA/g is still obtained after 300 cycles at the current density of 1A/g.
Drawings
In the figure, a multiplying power performance diagram of the lithium ion battery is obtained by a 1450 nm laser under the parameters of 10w of output power and 10cm/s of scanning speed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. The following examples are conditions for use as graphite negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries: the electrode composition is 80% of graphite material, 10% of acetylene black and 10% of PVDF. The electrolyte composition adopted is that 1mol of LiPF6 is dissolved in a volume ratio of 1: 1 in an EC/DEC solvent.
Example 1
Preparing the graphite electrode slice by using the flake graphite as a graphite electrode material. And setting a preset area for scanning a laser focusing spot on the flake graphite electrode plate by adopting a 1064nm laser, 10w of output power and 10cm/s of scanning speed, and performing laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain the final graphite electrode plate.
The graphite electrode plate shows a specific discharge capacity of 364mAh/g under a current density of 50mA/g, and still has a capacity of 210mA/g under a current density of 1A/g.
Example 2
The graphite electrode slice is prepared by adopting graphitized onion carbon as a graphite electrode material. And setting a preset area for scanning a laser focusing spot on the flake graphite electrode plate by adopting a 1064nm laser, 10w of output power and 10cm/s of scanning speed, and performing laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain the final graphite electrode plate.
The graphitized onion carbon negative electrodes before and after laser modification as shown in figure 1 show good rate performance.
The graphite electrode plate shows a specific discharge capacity of 402mAh/g under a current density of 50mA/g, and still has a capacity of 265mA/g under a current density of 1A/g.
Example 3
The graphite electrode slice is prepared by adopting graphitized onion carbon as a graphite electrode material. And setting a preset area for scanning a laser focusing spot on the flake graphite electrode plate by adopting a 450nm laser with the output power of 5w and the scanning speed of 10cm/s, and carrying out laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain the final graphite electrode plate.
The graphite electrode plate shows 371mAh/g specific discharge capacity under the current density of 50mA/g, and still has 205mA/g capacity under the current density of 1A/g.
Example 4
The graphite electrode slice is prepared by adopting graphitized onion carbon as a graphite electrode material. And setting a preset area for scanning a laser focusing spot on the flake graphite electrode plate by adopting a 450nm laser with the output power of 10w and the scanning speed of 5cm/s, and carrying out laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain the final graphite electrode plate.
The graphite electrode plate shows 387mAh/g specific discharge capacity at the current density of 50mA/g, and still has 228mA/g capacity at the current density of 1A/g.
Example 5
The graphite electrode slice is prepared by adopting graphitized onion carbon as a graphite electrode material. And setting a preset area for scanning a laser focusing spot on the flake graphite electrode plate by adopting a 1064nm laser, 10w of output power and 5cm/s of scanning speed, and performing laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain the final graphite electrode plate.
The graphite electrode plate shows 395mAh/g of specific discharge capacity under the current density of 50mA/g, and still has 242mA/g of capacity under the current density of 1A/g.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for laser etching of a modified graphite negative plate for a lithium ion battery is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mechanically blending a graphite sample, a conductive agent and an adhesive in a certain proportion to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on a copper foil to prepare an electrode slice, and drying in vacuum;
step two: setting the wavelength of laser to be 150nm-1500nm and the laser scanning speed to be 0.1-100 cm/s;
step three: and placing the electrode plate under a laser probe, setting a preset area scanned by a laser focusing spot by adopting the laser parameters, and performing one-step laser etching under a certain atmosphere to obtain a final product.
2. The method for laser etching of the modified graphite electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the graphite material is selected from one or more of natural graphite, coke-based artificial graphite, graphitized onion-type carbon material, mesophase pitch carbon microsphere, graphitized mesophase pitch and polyimide graphite.
3. The method for laser etching of the modified graphite electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the laser is one or more of a gas laser, a crystal laser, a semiconductor laser and a fiber laser.
4. The method for laser etching of the modified graphite electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the laser etching atmosphere is one or more of vacuum, nitrogen or oxygen atmosphere.
5. The method for laser etching of the modified graphite electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the laser focusing spot preset scanning is line scanning or surface scanning.
6. The method for laser etching of the modified graphite electrode sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified graphite electrode sheet is laser etched under the set laser parameters without destroying the overall structure of the electrode sheet.
7. The method for laser etching a modified graphite electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein a graphite electrode sheet with ravines on the surface and complete internal structure is obtained.
8. The laser-modified electrode sheet obtained by the method for laser-etching the modified graphite electrode sheet according to claims 1 to 7 can be directly used as a lithium ion electrode cathode.
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| CN202111286920.0A CN114005963A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Modification method of graphite negative plate of lithium ion battery |
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| CN202111286920.0A CN114005963A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Modification method of graphite negative plate of lithium ion battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114597328A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 苏州天弘激光股份有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing surface microstructure of high-rate battery pole piece |
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2021
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