CN111276694A - Preparation method of polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material and application of polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material in potassium ion battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material and application of polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material in potassium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111276694A CN111276694A CN202010085446.4A CN202010085446A CN111276694A CN 111276694 A CN111276694 A CN 111276694A CN 202010085446 A CN202010085446 A CN 202010085446A CN 111276694 A CN111276694 A CN 111276694A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical class [K+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021135 KPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000020897 Formins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108091022623 Formins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 4
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N D-fructopyranose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000593 microemulsion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
- C01G39/06—Sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material and application of the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material in a potassium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of negative electrode materials of potassium ion batteries. The polyimide is put inAnnealing and collecting under argon atmosphere, and pickling to obtain polyimide derived carbon; the preparation method of the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide comprises the following steps: thiourea is used as a sulfur source, sodium molybdate is used as a molybdenum source, polyimide derived carbon is added for solvothermal treatment, and after drying and washing, products are collected by annealing in an argon atmosphere, so that excellent potassium storage performance is shown. Polyimide derived carbon improved MoS2The volume of (a) is expanded, and the two are compounded to increase the capacity and the electronic conductivity of the composite material. The method is simple, the materials are safe and easy to obtain, the method is environment-friendly, and the method is suitable for large-scale production. The composite material showed excellent cycle performance and stability, and was tested for various electrolytes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potassium ion battery cathode materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide cathode material and application of the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide cathode material in a potassium ion battery.
Background
Compared with lithium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries have obvious advantages. Although the metal potassium and the metal lithium belong to the same main group and have similar chemical properties, the content of the potassium in the earth crust is 1.5 percent, and the abundance is over 1000 times that of the metal lithium; secondly, the potassium metal has a low redox potential, very close to that of lithium metal, but potassium has faster ion transport kinetics in organic electrolytes. In addition, the current collector of the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery can only use copper foil, while the current collector of the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery can use aluminum foil with lower price, so that the cost is lower; in addition, compared with a sodium ion battery, the potassium ion battery has obvious advantages, particularly, the potassium ion battery is more mature in the aspect of industrialization prospect, and researches prove that commercial graphite produced in large quantities in the lithium ion battery can be directly applied to the potassium ion battery, while the sodium ion battery is not feasible. The above results show the potential and wide prospect of the potassium ion battery.
Structurally, the potassium ion battery consists of a positive electrode material, a diaphragm, a negative electrode material and electrolyte. Among them, the key part of the problems determining the energy density and the cycle stability of the potassium ion battery is the negative electrode material. Therefore, the development of a suitable anode material is a challenge for all potassium ion battery researchers, and is a key link for restricting the development of the potassium ion battery. However, although the development of negative electrode materials for potassium ion batteries has been a hot spot in the battery research field, many related researches have been made, but the substantial progress is still not great.
Along with the success of the geom group in 2004 for separating graphene, which is a single-atom-layer graphite material, two-dimensional materials gradually enter the visual field of people. In the field of batteries, two-dimensional materials have shown strong performance advantages, for example, layered metal oxide/sulfide, organic metal framework material, transition metal carbide or nitride MXene, etc. have been widely used as electrode materials for various batteries such as lithium ion, sodium ion, lithium-sulfur, metal-air, etc. Wherein, molybdenum disulfide (MoS)2) Most representative. As a layered material which is very similar to graphene, the graphene-based graphene composite material has natural advantages in the field of battery application, the layered structure of the graphene-based graphene composite material is constructed into a natural channel for ion intercalation/deintercalation through S-Mo-S bonds connected by Van der Waals force in the graphene-based graphene composite material, and ions can be conveniently and rapidly intercalated/deintercalated. Theoretically combining MoS2670mA h g can be realized for lithium ion battery-1The specific capacity of (A). However, in MoS2Can generate larger mechanical stress in the charging and discharging processes, has larger volume expansion in the charging and discharging processes, and has MoS2The conductivity is lower, so that the rate capability is greatly reduced. In response to the above problems, researchers have conducted a lot of work. As a result of the research, the MoS is found2The problems of conductivity and cycling stability can be obviously improved by combining with other materials, particularly combining with carbon materials and utilizing the synergistic effect of the two.
Polyimide (PI) is one of polymers with good comprehensive performance, has excellent chemical stability, higher porosity and high temperature resistance, and can be in a range of-20%The insulating material can be used for a long time at 0-300 ℃, and is a film insulating material with the best comprehensive performance. In the direction of electrochemical energy storage, PI is widely used as an organic electrode material, a battery separator, and a surface coating material. As a precursor, the nitrogen-doped nanocarbon can be prepared using PI. Polyimide-derived carbon (PIC) has the following advantages over other carbon materials: 1) the generated derived carbon can keep the structure and the morphology of the PI precursor, so that the morphology of the polyimide polymer can be regulated and controlled to obtain nano carbon materials with various structures; 2) under high-temperature calcination, the generated carbon has higher graphitization degree compared with other carbon materials, and meanwhile, rich micropore/mesoporous structures are formed on the surface of the carbon material through PI high-temperature cracking and are used as a battery cathode material, so that the contact area of an electrode/electrolyte interface is increased, and the ion and electron transmission dynamics are faster; 3) due to the existence of imide in the structure, the carbon material doped with high nitrogen content can be obtained, nitrogen doping not only improves the electronic conductivity of the carbon material and the wettability with electrolyte, but also can provide more active sites, and greatly improves the specific capacity and the rate characteristic of the nano carbon. The polyimide precursor prepared by the invention is in a graded spherical shape constructed by two-dimensional nanosheets, not only has the structural advantages, but also the derived carbon has high tap density, and the volume energy density of the battery is effectively improved. Thus, the polyimide-derived carbon prepared in this patent is referred to as MoS2The composite electrode material of (1).
At present, the research on potassium ions is still in the initial stage. Research finds that the electrolyte is one of the important components for improving the comprehensive performance of the potassium ion battery, and the composition and the property of the electrolyte determine the interface structure, the SEI film composition, the internal resistance and the like of the battery, and directly influence the performance indexes of the battery, such as specific capacity, circulation, safety and the like. It is particularly interesting that the electrolyte must be matched to the electrode material to which it is adapted in order to optimize the overall performance of the battery. Under the technical background, the invention not only provides a negative electrode material for a potassium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, but also discloses an interaction mechanism between different electrolytes, including electrolyte and solvent compositions, and a carbon material, and has important guiding significance for developing a high-capacity carbon-based material of the potassium ion battery.
In addition, the patent also has technical advantages in terms of process methods. The existing methods for preparing carbon materials mainly comprise chemical vapor deposition, a template method, a microemulsion method, a molten salt sintering method and the like. The preparation methods have the problems of complex preparation process, complex operation, high cost and the like, and are not beneficial to batch preparation. The invention adopts a simple solvothermal synthesis method, and has the advantages of high yield, simple synthesis, safety, high efficiency and the like. Greatly reduces the raw material cost of the battery and improves the safety.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide (PIC/MoS)2) The negative electrode material is synthesized by using a solvothermal synthesis method, the material has a flower-like spherical structure, molybdenum disulfide is loaded on the surface of the polyimide derived carbon sphere, the purity is high, the solvothermal synthesis method is simple and easy to implement, the cost is low, the environment is friendly, and the solvothermal synthesis method is suitable for large-scale production.
The invention also aims to apply the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material to a novel energy storage system potassium ion battery, and the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material has the characteristics of high specific capacity, excellent stability and the like.
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material is in a flower-shaped sphere structure, the size of the sphere is 1-3 mu m, the surface of the polyimide derived carbon sphere is uniformly coated with flaky molybdenum disulfide, and the product has excellent electrochemical stability in a potassium ion battery.
The preparation method of the polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
step (1), preparing polyimide: dissolving 1.78g of benzidine in 60mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, adding 3,3 ', 4, 4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, stirring for 12h under an inert atmosphere, and carrying out solvothermal reaction on the obtained liquid at 180 ℃ for 12 h; washing, vacuum drying and collecting; ethanol solution for washing and dimethylformamide solution; the inert atmosphere is argon atmosphere.
Step (2), preparing polyimide derived carbon: and (2) heating the polyimide obtained in the step (1) to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min in an inert atmosphere, maintaining the temperature at 900 ℃ for 1-1.5 h, and carrying out acid washing on the prepared sample to obtain the polyimide derived carbon.
The acid washing is to add the prepared sample into 10-15mL of 0.1-7.5mol/L HNO3Refluxing at 80 deg.C for 6 hr; the inert atmosphere is argon atmosphere.
Step (3), preparing a polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material: 0.05g of polyimide-derived carbon was weighed out and dissolved in 25mL of C6H12O6To the solution, sonication was performed for 5min, then a sulfur source and a molybdenum source were sequentially added to the above solution, stirred for 30 minutes, and then the mixture solution was transferred to a 50mL autoclave and heated to 200 ℃ for 24 hours. The prepared black powder was washed with deionized water. After vacuum drying, heat treatment is carried out for 4h at 500 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and the heating rate is 1 ℃/min. The sulfur source is thiourea, and the molybdenum source is sodium molybdate; the inert atmosphere is argon atmosphere.
The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material, acetylene black and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing, coating on a copper foil, and vacuum drying for 12h to obtain the negative electrode plate.
The potassium ion battery which can be composed of the cathode prepared from the carbon material prepared by the method, the anode prepared from commercial activated carbon and the electrolyte has good electrochemical performance.
The electrolyte is solution A or solution B;
solution A: 0.8mol L-1KPF6In the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate to dimethyl carbonate of 1: 1;
solution B: 1mol L-1Dissolving the potassium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the preparation steps of the positive electrode plate are as follows:
mixing the activated carbon, acetylene black and a binder according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing, dissolving in N-methyl pyrrolidone, coating on an aluminum foil, and performing vacuum drying for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode plate; the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride or sodium alginate.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
① the invention has simple and controllable preparation process, low cost and easy realization of large-scale production.
② synthetic PIC/MoS of the invention2The composite material is prepared through synthesizing polyimide carbon, taking out the polyimide carbon, solvothermal process and MoS2Composite, MoS2The surface of the polyimide derived carbon spheres is uniformly loaded, and the specific capacity of the composite material is increased.
③ the invention adopts different electrolytes in the potassium ion battery assembly, compares the influence of different electrolyte components on the performance, and discusses the internal reasons of the influence, thereby playing a positive role in the commercialization of the potassium ion battery.
④ PIC/MoS prepared according to the invention2The composite material is used as the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery, and MoS is improved2Easy volume expansion and increased specific capacity. So that the lithium ion battery has excellent rate performance and cycle stability in the potassium ion battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the nano PIC/MoS of the present invention2The synthetic route of the cathode material is shown schematically;
FIG. 2 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 1 of the present invention2Scanning electron microscope photographs of (a);
FIG. 3 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 1 of the present invention2A transmission electron microscope photograph of (a);
FIG. 4 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 1 of the present invention2X-ray diffraction pattern of (a);
FIG. 5 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 1 of the present invention2The full spectrum of the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of (a);
FIG. 6 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 1 of the present invention2The magnification curve of (2).
FIG. 7 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 1 of the present invention2Cycle life curve of (d).
FIG. 8 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 2 of the present invention2Cycle life curve of (d).
FIG. 9 shows the PIC/MoS obtained in example 3 of the present invention2Cycle life curve of (d).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples:
example 1
PIC/MoS preparation by two-step method2And (3) anode material:
step (1), 1.78g of Benzidine (BZD) was added to 60mL of N-N Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dissolved, and 3.11g of 3,3 ', 4, 4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) was added and stirred under a nitrogen stream for 12 hours. 30mL of the resulting liquid was measured out, transferred to a 50mL autoclave, and heated to 180 ℃ for 10 h. Washing the prepared bright yellow powder with Dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol solution, and drying to obtain polyimide;
step (2) the polyimide obtained in the step (1) is put under argon flow for min at the temperature of 3 DEG C-1Annealing at 900 deg.C for 1.5 h. Adding the prepared sample into 10-15mL of 0.1-7.5mol/L HNO3Concentrating and refluxing for 6h at 80 ℃ to obtain a sample PIC;
step (2), dissolve sample PIC (0.05g) in 25mL C6H12O6(glucose) solution (0.248g), followed by sonication for 5min, followed by the sequential addition of thiourea (CH)4N2S) (0.6g) and sodium molybdate (Na)2MoO4·2H2O) (0.3g) was stirred for 30 min. Then, the mixture solution was transferred to a 50mL autoclave and heated to 200 ℃ for 24 hours. The prepared black powder was washed with deionized water and then vacuum dried overnight for collection. Finally, the sample was kept at 1 ℃ for min under argon flow-1Cooling to 500 ℃, and annealing for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain the product.
Preparing the potassium ion battery by adopting a two-step method;
and (1) mixing the obtained active material with acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serving as a binder in a ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly coating the mixture in water, drying the mixture in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and cutting the dried mixture into electrode slices with the diameter of 12 mm.
Step (2), taking metal potassium as a reference electrode, taking the cut electrode slice as a working electrode, and adopting 0.8M potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF)6) The solution was dissolved in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate at a mass ratio of 1:1 (KP-001), and assembled into a CR 2032-shaped coin cell in a glove box filled with argon gas.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the resulting PIC/MoS2Has a spherical flower-like structure. It can be further seen from FIG. 3 that a PIC/MoS is obtained2The morphology of (2).
FIG. 4 shows PIC/MoS2The X-ray diffraction spectrogram shows that the purity of the sample is high and has characteristic peaks of two substances; FIG. 5 shows PIC/MoS2The existence of each element can be clearly seen through the full spectrum of the X-ray photoelectron spectrum.
FIG. 6 shows PIC/MoS2The rate curve in the potassium ion battery shows that the material has excellent rate performance, and the current density is 0.05A g-1、0.1A g-1、0.2A g-1、0.5A g-1、1A g-1And 2A g-1The discharge capacity was 346.2mAh g-1、260.8mAh g-1、224.2mAh g-1、189.6mAh g-1、141.2mAh g-1And 87.7mAh g-1. When the current density returns to 0.05A g-1Then 288.7mAh g is reached-1The capacity retention rate was 83.4%.
FIG. 7 shows PIC/MoS2The life curve in the potassium ion battery, it can be seen that the discharge capacity in the second cycle is 319.5mAh g-1Then kept for 235.7mA h g after 100 cycles-1The capacity retention rate was 73.7%.
Example 2
PIC/MoS preparation by two-step method2And (3) anode material:
step (1), 1.78g of Benzidine (BZD) was added to 60mL of N-N Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dissolved, and 3.11g of 3,3 ', 4, 4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) was added and stirred under a nitrogen stream for 12 hours. Measure out 30mL instituteThe liquid obtained is transferred to a 50mL autoclave and heated to 180 ℃ for 10 h. The bright yellow powder was washed with Dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol solution, dried and then the sample was kept at 3 ℃ for min under argon flow-1Annealing at 900 deg.C for 1.5 h. The prepared sample was added to 10-15mL of HNO3Concentrating and refluxing for 6h at 80 ℃ to obtain a sample PIC;
step (2), dissolve sample PIC (0.05g) in 25mL C6H12O6(glucose) solution (0.248g), followed by sonication for 5min, followed by the sequential addition of thiourea (CH)4N2S) (0.6g) and sodium molybdate (Na)2MoO4·2H2O) (0.3g) was stirred for 30 min. Then, the mixture solution was transferred to a 50mL autoclave and heated to 200 ℃ for 24 hours. The prepared black powder was washed with deionized water and then vacuum dried overnight for collection. Finally, the sample was kept at 1 ℃ for min under argon flow-1Annealing at 500 deg.C for 4 h.
Preparing the potassium ion battery by adopting a two-step method;
and (1) mixing the obtained active material with acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serving as a binder in a ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly coating the mixture in water, drying the mixture in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and cutting the dried mixture into electrode slices with the diameter of 12 mm.
Step (2), taking metal potassium as a reference electrode, taking an active substance as a working electrode, and adopting 1M potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF)6) Dissolved in a solution of 100% dimethyl ether (KP-017) and assembled into a CR 2032-shaped coin cell in a glove box filled with argon.
FIG. 8 shows PIC/MoS2In the life curve of the potassium ion battery, it can be seen that KP-017 electrolyte is not suitable for the system, the capacity attenuation is fast, and the capacity attenuation is almost 0 after 35 circles.
Example 3
PIC/MoS preparation by two-step method2And (3) anode material:
step (1), 1.78g of Benzidine (BZD) was added to 60mL of N-N Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dissolved, and 3.11g of 3,3 ', 4, 4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride was added(BTDA), stirred under a stream of nitrogen for 12 h. 30mL of the resulting liquid was measured out, transferred to a 50mL autoclave, and heated to 180 ℃ for 10 h. The bright yellow powder was washed with Dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol solution, dried and then the sample was kept at 3 ℃ for min under argon flow-1Annealing at 900 deg.C for 1.5 h. The prepared sample was added to 10-15mL of HNO3Concentrating and refluxing for 6h at 80 ℃ to obtain a sample PIC;
step (2), dissolve sample PIC (0.05g) in 25mL C6H12O6(glucose) solution (0.248g), followed by sonication for 5min, followed by the sequential addition of thiourea (CH)4N2S) (0.6g) and sodium molybdate (Na)2MoO4·2H2O) (0.3g) was stirred for 30 min. Then, the mixture solution was transferred to a 50mL autoclave and heated to 200 ℃ for 24 hours. The prepared black powder was washed with deionized water and then vacuum dried overnight for collection. Finally, the sample was kept at 1 ℃ for min under argon flow-1Annealing at 500 deg.C for 4 h.
Preparing the potassium ion battery by adopting a two-step method;
and (1) mixing the obtained active material with acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serving as a binder in a ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly coating the mixture in water, drying the mixture in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and cutting the dried mixture into electrode slices with the diameter of 12 mm.
And (2) dissolving 1M potassium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt (KFSI) in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (KP-044) in a mass ratio of 1:1 by taking metal potassium as a reference electrode and an active substance as a working electrode, and assembling the solution into a CR 2032-shaped button cell in a glove box filled with argon.
FIG. 9 shows PIC/MoS2Lifetime curves in potassium ion batteries, it can be seen that the KP-044 electrolyte shows very excellent cycling stability at 0.05A g-1The reversible capacity of the first loop is 518.7mAh g under the current density of-1The second turn is 299.8mAh g-1At 0.1A g-1After 200 cycles at the current density of (1), the capacity retention rate was 75.7%.
Claims (7)
1. The polyimide derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide cathode material is characterized in that the material is in a flower-like sphere structure, the size of the sphere is 1-3 mu m, and the surface of the polyimide derived carbon sphere is uniformly coated with flaky molybdenum disulfide.
2. The preparation method of the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) heating polyimide to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min in an inert atmosphere, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 1-1.5 h, and carrying out acid washing on the prepared sample to obtain polyimide derived carbon; the polyimide is polymerized by benzidine and 3,3 ', 4, 4' -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride;
2) 0.05g of polyimide-derived carbon was weighed out and dissolved in 25mL of 0.055mol/L C6H12O6Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the solution for 5min, then sequentially adding a sulfur source and a molybdenum source into the solution, stirring for 30min, then transferring the mixture solution into a 50mL high-pressure kettle, and heating to 200 ℃ for 24 h; washing the prepared black powder with deionized water, drying in vacuum, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min in an inert atmosphere, and keeping at 500 ℃ for 4 h; the sulfur source is thiourea, and the molybdenum source is sodium molybdate; the inert atmosphere is argon atmosphere.
3. The method for preparing the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material according to claim 2, wherein the polyimide is prepared by the following specific steps:
dissolving 1.78g of benzidine in 60mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, adding 3,3 ', 4, 4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, stirring for 12h under an inert atmosphere, and carrying out solvothermal reaction on the obtained liquid at 180 ℃ for 12 h; washing, vacuum drying and collecting; ethanol solution for washing and dimethylformamide solution; the inert atmosphere is argon atmosphere.
4. Use of the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material of claim 1 for a potassium ion battery negative electrode.
5. The use of the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material according to claim 5, wherein the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material, acetylene black and sodium carboxymethylcellulose are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing, coating on a copper foil, and vacuum drying for 12h to obtain the negative electrode plate.
6. The use of the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material according to claim 5, wherein the negative electrode tab, the positive electrode tab and the electrolyte form a potassium ion battery; the electrolyte is solution A or solution B;
solution A: 0.8mol L-1KPF6In the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate to dimethyl carbonate of 1: 1;
solution B: 1mol L-1The potassium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt (b) is dissolved in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate at a mass ratio of 1: 1.
7. The use of the polyimide-derived carbon/molybdenum disulfide negative electrode material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the positive electrode sheet is as follows:
mixing the activated carbon, acetylene black and a binder according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing, dissolving in N-methyl pyrrolidone, coating on an aluminum foil, and performing vacuum drying for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode plate; the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride or sodium alginate.
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