CN109560277B - Preparation method of nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material Download PDF

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CN109560277B
CN109560277B CN201811443651.2A CN201811443651A CN109560277B CN 109560277 B CN109560277 B CN 109560277B CN 201811443651 A CN201811443651 A CN 201811443651A CN 109560277 B CN109560277 B CN 109560277B
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nanowire
composite material
carbon composite
mixed solution
ethanol
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CN109560277A (en
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柳红东
李宗阳
阮海波
胡荣
黄佳木
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Chongqing platinum strontium Titanium Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
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    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The preparation method of the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material is to use Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2O, PVP-K30, mixed solution of ethanol and water, trimesic acid and selenium powder are used as raw materials and are respectively prepared by the steps of preparing a nanometer linear metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, constructing a nanometer linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on a template, and the like; wherein the mixed solution of ethanol and water is obtained by mixing according to the volume ratio of 1: 1. The nano-wire is not easy to break, has uniform appearance and good dispersibility, does not generate agglomeration, and the manganese selenide/carbon composite material has high purity which can reach 99.1 percent, high yield which can reach more than 70 percent, large storage capacity and long cycle life, and the yield is 100mA g‑1After 60 charge-discharge cycles at the current density of (A), the discharge capacity was 846.59mAh g‑1The power storage capacity is large, the cycle frequency can reach 60 times at least and can reach 200 times at most, the stability in the use process is good, the condition that the current is suddenly large or small can not occur, the process flow is simple and feasible, and the method is worthy of market popularization.

Description

Preparation method of nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method for constructing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on an MOFs template.
Background
With the increasing exhaustion of fossil energy represented by petroleum and the increasing environmental pollution caused by the combustion of fossil energy, people urgently need a sustainable and renewable clean energy. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like, is distinguished from a plurality of new energy sources, and has wide application in the fields of mobile electronic equipment, new energy automobiles and the like. However, the negative electrode material of the current commercial lithium ion battery is graphite, the theoretical capacity of the graphite is only 372mAh/g, the capacity requirement of large electronic equipment such as an electric automobile cannot be met, and the application and development of the lithium ion battery are limited. Scientists have developed a variety of negative electrode materials to improve the capacity of lithium ion batteries, such as carbon materials, transition metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal selenides, and the like.
Compared with transition metal oxides and transition metal sulfides, the transition metal selenide not only has high volume specific capacity and mass specific capacity, but also has low voltage platform, small polarization and better conductivity, and is a potential lithium ion battery cathode material. However, similar to the transition metal oxide, the transition metal selenide may undergo a large volume change due to intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions during charging and discharging, thereby crushing and pulverizing the active material, causing the active material to be separated from the current collector, losing electrical contact, causing capacity fading and cycle performance degradation. In addition, the transition metal phosphide has poor electronic conductivity, hinders the rapid transfer of electrons in the active material, and limits the electrochemical response of the active material, so that the rapid charge-discharge capacity and the rate capability of the active material are poor.
At present, research for improving the lithium storage performance of the transition metal selenide mainly focuses on two aspects, one is to compound the transition metal selenide with carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, and the like, and by utilizing the excellent conductivity and mechanical property of the carbon materials, the conductivity of the transition metal selenide is improved and the stress generated by volume expansion in the circulation process is absorbed; the other method is to prepare the transition metal selenide with the nano-scale and porous structure, enlarge the specific surface area of the material, increase the contact area of the electrode material and the electrolyte, shorten the diffusion path of electrons and lithium ions and buffer the stress generated by volume expansion.
The metal organic framework compounds, called MOFs for short, are organic-inorganic hybrid materials with molecular pores formed by self-assembly of organic ligands and metal ions through coordination bonds. The MOFs have the advantages of porosity, large specific surface area, component adjustability and the like, so that the MOFs have wide application prospects in the fields of gas collection and storage, gas separation, catalysis, sensors, energy storage and the like, and have attracted wide attention since the birth of the last ninety years. Meanwhile, due to the porous structure and the organic framework of the MOFs and the abundant adjustability of metal ions, the MOFs can be used as a precursor for preparing porous materials, such as carbon materials, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal selenides and the like. The porous material derived from the MOFs can retain the porous structure and the large specific surface area of the MOFs, meanwhile, the organic framework can be converted into porous carbon under high-temperature inert atmosphere, and the porous carbon/metal compound composite material can be prepared under the condition that no external carbon source is introduced.
The technical problems that the nanowire of the conventional linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material is easy to break, uneven in appearance, poor in dispersity and easy to agglomerate, the purity of the manganese selenide/carbon composite material is low, the yield is low, the electricity storage capacity is small, the cycle life is short, the stability in the using process is poor, the current is easy to fluctuate, and the like exist in the conventional linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material are urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for constructing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on an MOFs template.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material is characterized in that Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2O, PVP-K30, mixed solution of ethanol and water, trimesic acid and selenium powder are used as raw materials, and the steps of preparing a nano linear metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, constructing a nano linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on a template and the like are respectively carried out; wherein the mixed solution of ethanol and water is obtained by mixing according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.
Further, the nanowire-like metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC is prepared by taking Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2Dissolving O and PVP-K30 in a mixed solution composed of ethanol and deionized water, setting the rotating speed to be 300-400 r/min, stirring for 6-10 min, and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution A; dissolving trimesic acid in a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water, setting the rotating speed to be 300-400 r/min, and stirring for 6-10 min to obtain a solution B; then adding the solution A dropwise under stirringAnd stirring for 10-20 min in the solution B, stopping stirring, aging at room temperature for 20-24 h, centrifuging the product at 15000 r/min, collecting the centrifugal precipitate, washing the precipitate for 3 times by using a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water, wherein the volume ratio of the precipitate to the mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water is 1: 100-1: 150, drying the precipitate in air at 55-65 ℃ for 12-15 h, and obtaining the product, namely the nano linear metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, wherein the product is white and has a nano linear shape.
Further, the above Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2The mass ratio of O to PVP-K30 is 0.2449-0.4898: 1-3, and the unit is g/g; the mass-volume ratio of the mixed solution composed of PVP-K30, ethanol and deionized water is 1-3: 100, and the unit is g/ml.
Furthermore, the mass-volume ratio of the mixed solution of the trimesic acid, the ethanol and the deionized water is 0.6304-0.8994: 100, and the unit is g/ml.
Further, the volume ratio of the solution A to the solution B was 1: 10.
Further, the template-based preparation method of the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material is that the prepared nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC and selenium powder are respectively placed at two ends of a porcelain boat, then the porcelain boat is placed in a tube furnace, Mn-BTC is placed at the downstream, Se powder is placed at the upstream, the temperature is increased to 400-600 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min under the argon atmosphere, and the temperature is kept at 400-600 ℃ for 2-4 hours, so that the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material is obtained.
Further, the mass ratio of the Mn-BTC to the Se powder is 1:1 to 10.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the prepared nano wire is not easy to break, uniform in appearance, good in dispersity and free of agglomeration; the manganese selenide/carbon composite material prepared by the method has high purity, and the purity can reach 99.1%; the yield is high and can reach more than 70 percent; large electricity storage capacity and long cycle life, and the capacity is 100mA g-1After 60 charge-discharge cycles at the current density of (A), the discharge capacity was 846.59mAh g-1Large electricity storage capacity and minimum cycle timesThe method has the advantages of 60 times, at most 200 times, good stability in the using process, no current fluctuation, simple and feasible process flow and worth of market popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a nanowire-like metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC in an example of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the nanowire-like manganese selenide/carbon composite in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an XRD pattern of the nanowire-like manganese selenide/carbon composite in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a 60-cycle graph of the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material as the negative electrode material of the lithium battery at a current density of 100mA/g in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-described disclosure.
Example 1:
a preparation method for constructing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on an MOFs template comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC: 0.2 mmol of Mn (CH) was weighed3COO)2·4H2O and 0.3 g PVP (K30), setting the rotating speed to be 350 r/min, stirring for 8min, dissolving in 10ml of mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), weighing 0.43 mmol of trimesic acid, setting the rotating speed to be 350 r/min, stirring for 8min, dissolving in 10ml of mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), and after stirring and completely dissolving, using a 1ml pipette gun to inject Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2Dripping O solution into trimesic acid solution, stirring for 10min, aging at room temperature for 24 hr, centrifuging the product at 15000 r/min, collecting the centrifugal precipitate, and adding mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v)V =1: 1) washing for 3 times, then placing at 60 ℃ for vacuum drying for 12h, and obtaining a product, namely the nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, wherein the product is white and takes the shape of a nanowire;
2) preparing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on the MOFs template: mixing the nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC prepared in the step 1) with Se powder according to the ratio of 1:10, then placing the porcelain boats in a tube furnace with Mn-BTC at the downstream and Se powder at the upstream, heating the porcelain boats from room temperature to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min under the argon atmosphere, and preserving the heat at 450 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the nano linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material.
The prepared nano-wire is not easy to break, has uniform appearance and good dispersibility, does not show agglomeration, simultaneously the nano-wire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material well keeps the nano-wire-shaped appearance of the metal organic framework compound, has high crystallinity, higher specific surface area and porosity, shows excellent lithium storage performance, and has high product purity which can reach 99.1%.
The experimental results show that: the nano linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material prepared by the invention has excellent lithium storage performance, and the lithium storage performance is 100mA g-1After 60 charge-discharge cycles at the current density of (A), the discharge capacity was 846.59mAh g-1Experiments prove that the charge and discharge can be cycled for 200 times without attenuation.
Example 2:
a preparation method for constructing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on an MOFs template comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC: 0.2 mmol of Mn (CH) was weighed3COO)2·4H2O and 0.3 g PVP (K30), setting the rotating speed to 400 r/min, stirring for 10min, dissolving in 10ml of mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), weighing 0.43 mmol of trimesic acid, setting the rotating speed to 300 r/min, stirring for 10min, dissolving in 10ml of mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), and after stirring and completely dissolving, using a 1ml pipette gun to inject Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2Dripping the O solution into a trimesic acid solution, stirring for 10min, aging for 24h at room temperature after stopping stirring, centrifuging the product at 15000 r/min, collecting the centrifugal precipitate, washing for 3 times by using a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), and then placing at 60 ℃ for vacuum drying for 12h to obtain a product, namely the nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, wherein the product is white and takes the shape of a nanowire;
2) preparing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on the MOFs template: mixing the nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC prepared in the step 1) with Se powder according to the ratio of 1: and 6, respectively placing the porcelain boats at two ends of the porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boats in a tube furnace, enabling Mn-BTC to be downstream and Se powder to be upstream, heating the porcelain boats to 600 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min under the argon atmosphere, and keeping the temperature at 600 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the nano linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material.
The prepared nano-wire is not easy to break, has uniform appearance and good dispersibility, and does not show agglomeration, meanwhile, the nano-wire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material well keeps the nano-wire-shaped appearance of the metal organic framework compound, has high crystallinity, higher specific surface area and porosity, shows excellent lithium storage performance, has high product purity which can reach 99.0 percent, large storage capacity, long cycle life, can be cycled for at least 60 times, can be recycled for 200 times at most without attenuation, has good stability in the use process, and does not have the condition of current fluctuation.
Example 3:
a preparation method for constructing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on an MOFs template comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC: 0.2 mmol of Mn (CH) was weighed3COO)2·4H2O and 0.3 g PVP (K30), setting the rotating speed to 400 r/min, stirring for 6min, dissolving in 10ml of mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), weighing 0.43 mmol of trimesic acid, setting the rotating speed to 400 r/min, stirring for 6min, dissolving in 10ml of mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water (v: v =1: 1), and after stirring and completely dissolving, using a 1ml pipette to remove Mn (CH) by using a 1ml pipette3COO)2·4H2Dripping the O solution into a trimesic acid solution, stirring for 10min, aging for 24h at room temperature after stopping stirring, centrifuging the product at 15000 r/min, collecting the centrifugal precipitate, centrifuging the product, washing for 3 times by using a mixed solution (v: v =1: 1) of ethanol and deionized water, and then placing the product at 60 ℃ for vacuum drying for 12h to obtain a product, namely a nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, wherein the product is white and takes the shape of a nanowire;
2) preparing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on the MOFs template: mixing the nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC prepared in the step 1) with Se powder according to the ratio of 1: 8, then placing the porcelain boats in a tube furnace with Mn-BTC at the downstream and Se powder at the upstream, heating the porcelain boats from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the argon atmosphere, and preserving the heat at 450 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the nano linear manganese selenide/carbon composite material.
The prepared nano-wire is not easy to break, has uniform appearance and good dispersibility, and does not show agglomeration, meanwhile, the nano-wire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material well keeps the nano-wire-shaped appearance of the metal organic framework compound, has high crystallinity, higher specific surface area and porosity, shows excellent lithium storage performance, has high product purity which can reach 99.1 percent, large storage capacity, long cycle life, can be cycled for at least 60 times, can be recycled for 200 times at most without attenuation, has good stability in the use process, and does not have the condition of current fluctuation.

Claims (5)

1. A method for preparing a nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material is characterized in that Mn (CH)3COO)2·4H2O, PVP-K30, mixed solution of ethanol and water, trimesic acid and selenium powder are used as raw materials, and the preparation steps of preparing a nanowire metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC and constructing a nanowire manganese selenide/carbon composite material based on a template are respectively carried out; wherein the mixed solution of ethanol and water is obtained by mixing according to the volume ratio of 1: 1;
the preparation of the nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC is to take Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2Dissolving O and PVP-K30 in a mixed solution composed of ethanol and deionized water, setting the rotating speed to be 300-400 r/min, stirring for 6-10 min, and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution A; dissolving trimesic acid in a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water, setting the rotating speed to be 300-400 r/min, and stirring for 6-10 min to obtain a solution B; dropwise adding the solution A into the solution B under the stirring condition, stirring for 10-20 min, stopping stirring, aging for 20-24 h at room temperature, centrifuging the product at 15000 r/min, collecting the centrifugal precipitate, washing the precipitate for 3 times by using a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water, wherein the volume ratio of the precipitate to the mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water is 1: 100-1: 150, drying the precipitate in air at 55-65 ℃, and drying for 12-15 h to obtain a product, namely the nano linear metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC, wherein the product is white and is in a nano linear shape; the preparation method of the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material constructed based on the template comprises the steps of respectively placing the prepared nanowire-shaped metal organic framework compound Mn-BTC and selenium powder at two ends of a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a tube furnace, enabling the Mn-BTC to be located at the downstream and enabling Se powder to be located at the upstream, heating to 400-600 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min under an argon atmosphere, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours to obtain the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Mn (CH) is selected from the group consisting of3COO)2·4H2The mass ratio of O to PVP-K30 is 0.2449-0.4898: 1-3, and the unit is g/g; the mass-volume ratio of the mixed solution composed of PVP-K30, ethanol and deionized water is 1-3: 100, and the unit is g/ml.
3. The method for preparing the nanowire-shaped manganese selenide/carbon composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed solution of the trimesic acid, the ethanol and the deionized water is 0.6304-0.8994: 100, and the unit is g/ml.
4. The method for preparing nanowire-like manganese selenide/carbon composite material according to claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the solution A to the solution B is 1: 10.
5. The method for preparing nanowire-like manganese selenide/carbon composite material according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the Mn-BTC to the Se powder is 1:1 to 10.
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