CN110690855A - Energy system of novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage - Google Patents
Energy system of novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQENXCOZCUHKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O BQENXCOZCUHKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001967 indiganyl group Chemical group [H][In]([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002119 nickel–yttria stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel energy system of a net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage, which comprises a solar photovoltaic panel and two solar energy utilization devices of a solar water heater, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with a DC/DC converter, and the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is transformed to the voltage suitable for inversion of an inverter and electrolysis of an electrolytic cell and then is connected into a controller; the controller is respectively connected with the hydrogen energy storage unit and the confluence box, part of electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is transmitted to the confluence box through the controller and is normally used by the net zero energy consumption building after passing through the inverter, and the redundant electricity is used for electrolyzing water to prepare hydrogen and is stored. The problem that a solar photovoltaic power generation system has intermittence and fluctuation is solved, the net zero energy consumption building energy system can work normally in continuous rainy days, and meanwhile, the utilization of waste heat in the SOFC fuel cell system is realized, so that the efficiency of the SOFC fuel cell is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and relates to design and application of a novel net zero energy consumption building energy system based on hydrogen energy storage.
Background
The net zero energy consumption building refers to a building which does not consume conventional energy and completely depends on solar energy or other renewable energy sources. Today, the problem of building energy consumption is becoming more serious, and how to realize 'net zero energy consumption' becomes a final target pursued by the building industries of all countries. The net zero energy consumption building is designed to be energy-saving, adopts high-efficiency energy-saving equipment and utilizes renewable energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy to supply energy for the building. Because solar photovoltaic or wind power generation has instability and is difficult to be connected to the grid, redundant electricity is stored in a storage battery at present and then is supplied by the storage battery. However, the storage battery has short energy storage time and is easy to leak, and the sulfuric acid contained in the discarded storage battery can cause certain pollution to the environment, so that an efficient and clean energy storage mode is required.
The hydrogen is used as a clean renewable energy source, the combustion product of the hydrogen is only water, no other pollutants are generated, the energy can be stored for a long time, the energy density is high, and the hydrogen can be widely used as a substitute of fossil fuel. At present, the production modes of hydrogen are various, and the modes for industrially preparing the hydrogen mainly comprise an ethanol-water mixture reforming hydrogen production method, a hydrocarbon oxidation reforming hydrogen production method, a water electrolysis method and the like. Therefore, the surplus electric quantity generated by solar photovoltaic can be used for producing hydrogen, and the electric energy is indirectly stored in H2In the middle, the stored energy is converted into electric energy by fuel cell technology. For example, chinese patent document CN109617215A discloses a distributed photovoltaic power generation hydrogen storage system and method, in which hydrogen is used as a hydrogen storage unit, excess power generated by a solar photovoltaic panel during the day is introduced into an electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen and the hydrogen is temporarily stored in a hydrogen storage material with high adsorptivity, and the hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and is introduced into a hydrogen fuel cell to generate power when power is used at night, so as to convert electric energy into chemical energy and then into electric energy for utilization. However, the solar photovoltaic power generation is greatly influenced by weather factors, and the generated energy of the solar photovoltaic panel is insufficient at night and in rainy days, so that the normal power utilization of a household and the normal operation of an electrolytic hydrogen production system are influenced; the above-mentioned technology does not take into consideration the fact that the stored hydrogen cannot supply the normal electricity of the home by the electricity generated by the fuel cell in the case of continuous rainy weather.
A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is an all-solid-state energy conversion device that directly converts chemical energy in fuel gas and oxidizing gas into electrical energy, and has the structure of a general fuel cell. The solid oxide fuel cell takes dense solid oxide as electrolyte, operates at a high temperature of 800-1000 ℃, and reaction gases are not in direct contact, so that the volume of the reactor can be reduced by using higher pressure without the danger of combustion or explosion, the fuel applicability is wide, and fuels such as hydrogen and the like can be used as fuel gases for power generation. Because SOFC fuel cell produces a large amount of waste heat during reaction, the waste heat can be comprehensively utilized to improve the efficiency of SOFC fuel cell
In summary, the key point of the building to achieve net zero energy consumption is its energy supply system, which can completely rely on renewable energy such as solar energy. Generally, the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel on sunny days is completely enough for the normal electricity utilization of families, so how to solve the problem that the energy system can still normally operate on continuous rainy days becomes the key of the design of the net zero energy consumption building energy system, and the technical blank of the research in the field still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, so that the problems of intermittence and fluctuation of a solar photovoltaic power generation system are solved, the net zero energy consumption building energy system can work normally in continuous rainy days, and the utilization of waste heat in an SOFC fuel cell system is realized to improve the efficiency of the SOFC fuel cell.
Therefore, the technical scheme for realizing the purpose is as follows: the utility model provides a novel net zero energy consumption building energy system based on hydrogen energy storage utilizes solar energy photoelectricity and light and heat technique, effectively utilizes solar energy, utilizes hydrogen energy storage technique to store the unnecessary electric quantity that solar photovoltaic board sent to intermittent type and the undulant problem that the system exists when solving night and overcast and rainy weather. And the hydrogen prepared by mixing and reforming ethanol and water is used for solving the problem of H during the power generation of the SOFC fuel cell in continuous rainy days2Insufficient content; and realize SOFC combustionAnd the utilization of the waste heat after the reaction of the fuel cell is carried out, so that the final efficiency of the SOFC fuel cell is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an energy system of novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage, includes two solar energy utilization devices of solar photovoltaic board and solar water heater, and the solar photovoltaic board is connected with DC/DC converter, and this can carry out the vary voltage with the electricity that the solar photovoltaic board was generated, and the vary voltage is to being fit for the required voltage of inverter contravariant and electrolysis cell electrolysis, then inserts in the controller. The controller is respectively connected with the hydrogen energy storage unit and the confluence box, a part of electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is transmitted to the confluence box through the controller and is normally used by the net zero energy consumption building after passing through the inverter, redundant electricity is used for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and is stored, electricity is generated through the reaction of the SOFC fuel cell on cloudy days or at night, and the generated electricity is transmitted to the confluence box and is used by the net zero energy consumption building after passing through the inverter. After a large amount of waste heat generated after the SOFC fuel cell reaction is used for generating hot water through heat exchange of the heat exchanger, the hot water is sent into a domestic hot water tank for domestic bathing, and the hot water generated by the solar water heater is also sent into the domestic hot water tank in sunny days. In continuous rainy days, due to insufficient sunshine, the solar photovoltaic panel cannot normally generate electricity, and although the stored hydrogen can generate electricity through the SOFC fuel cell, the storage capacity of the hydrogen is limited and cannot support the long-term use of buildings in continuous rainy days, so that hydrogen is produced by an ethanol and water reforming hydrogen production method, and the SOFC fuel cell is supplemented with hydrogen to generate electricity. Because the SOFC fuel cell only runs at night and in rainy days, hot water generated by the heat exchanger can be complemented with hot water generated by the solar water heater in sunny days, and the uninterrupted supply of domestic hot water for 24 hours all day is realized.
Furthermore, the output end of the hydrogen energy storage unit is connected with the inverter after converging through the confluence box.
Further, the hydrogen energy storage unit comprises a PEM electrolytic cell and a SOFC fuel cell, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the PEM electrolytic cell are connected with the controller, redundant electric quantity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel in sunny days is introduced into the electrolytic cell through the controller to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, the produced hydrogen is stored, the SOFC fuel cell is used for generating electricity in night and in rainy days, and the generated electricity is collected through the collecting box and then is transmitted to the inverter.
Further, the hydrogen energy storage unit also comprises a hydrogen separator, a deoxygenation tower, a filter and a hydrogen storage tank. The cathode of the PEM electrolyser is in turn connected to the above-mentioned apparatus. In order to ensure that the hydrogen separator and the deoxygenation tower can work normally, cooling water needs to be introduced when the device is used.
Further, the hydrogen energy storage unit also comprises an oxygen separator and an oxygen tank. The anode of the PEM electrolyser is in turn connected to the above-mentioned equipment. In order to ensure the oxygen separator to work normally, cooling water is required to be introduced when the oxygen separator is used.
Furthermore, the hydrogen energy storage unit also comprises an electrolytic cell water circulation device, and the water circulation device supplements pure water to the PEM electrolytic cell. The condensed water separated from the hydrogen separator and the oxygen separator is collected by the water collector, and the condensed water is filtered before entering the water collector. And pure water is supplemented into the water collector through the water tank, the pure water in the water collector is sent into the electrolytic cell through the circulating pump, and water needs to be introduced into the deionizer before being sent into the electrolytic cell, so that other ions in the water are removed to ensure the normal operation of the electrolytic process.
Further, the hydrogen energy storage unit also comprises a hydrogen supplementing device, wherein the mixture of ethanol and water is introduced into the reformer for reforming to produce hydrogen, and the prepared hydrogen is directly introduced into the SOFC fuel cell for power generation.
Furthermore, the hydrogen energy storage unit also comprises a heat exchange device, and waste heat generated during the operation of the SOFC fuel cell is utilized to provide domestic hot water for families, so that the operation efficiency of the SOFC fuel cell is improved.
Preferably, the PEM electrolytic cell is composed of a PEM membrane electrode, a bipolar plate and other components, the electrolyte is high-molecular polymer, the membrane electrode is composed of a proton exchange membrane and a cathode and anode catalyst adhered to the proton exchange membrane, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is adopted.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage device uses high pressure hydrogen storage in combination with a composite material to store hydrogen. The high pressure hydrogen storage vessel is filled with a hydrogen storage material with lighter weight, so that the hydrogen storage capacity can be improved and the hydrogen storage pressure can be reduced.
Preferably, the SOFC fuel cell has an anode and a cathode, the anode being located at H2Side, with the cathode at O2On the air side, the anode material used was Ni-YSZ and the cathode material used was a strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) perovskite type material.
Preferably, there is an electrolyte layer between the anode and cathode of the SOFC fuel cell for conducting oxygen ions and separating the fuel and oxidant, and the electrolyte used is Y2O3Stabilized ZrO2(YSZ)
Preferably, the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the SOFC fuel cell via a pipe to which a solenoid valve controlled by a controller is attached and which controls H2Is supplied. And in SOFC fuel cells H2H is also arranged at the inlet2The replenishing device is controlled by the controller to be opened and closed.
Preferably, H2The ethanol and water mixing box in the supplementing device is connected with the reformer through a pipeline, the mixing ratio of the ethanol and the water is 45:55, and the waste heat generated by the SOFC fuel cell reaction is sent to the reformer to participate in the reaction in the reformer.
Preferably, the oxygen tank is connected to the SOFC fuel cell via a pipe, and the pipe is provided with a solenoid valve controlled by a controller and controlling O2Is supplied. And O in SOFC fuel cells2An air supplement pipeline is also arranged at the inlet, and when O is contained in the oxygen tank2When the quantity is not enough, air can be supplied to the fuel cell to maintain normal reaction, and the opening and closing of the air supplement pipeline are controlled by an electromagnetic valve.
Preferably, the type of the solenoid valves used in the energy system is ASCO (220V AC), and the opening and closing of the solenoid valves are controlled by an automatic control system in the controller.
Preferably, the solar photovoltaic panels and solar water heaters are placed on top of a net zero energy consumption building.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adoptsCompared with the PEM fuel cell, the SOFC fuel cell used in the prior art has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, capability of using various fuels, low noise, light weight, small volume, low price and the like; and during SOFC fuel cell reaction, H2It is not directly combusted, so that the danger is reduced. Since the SOFC fuel cell reacts at high temperature, the high-temperature waste heat discharged by the SOFC fuel cell can be subjected to heat exchange by using a heat exchanger, and then domestic hot water is provided for families.
(2) The energy system of the invention is provided with a hydrogen supplementing device, which is not provided in the prior art, and only stores the hydrogen prepared by the electrolyzed water and generates electricity by a fuel cell at night and in rainy days, and the technologies do not consider the condition of continuous rainy days. In continuous rainy days, the solar photovoltaic panel cannot normally generate electricity due to insufficient sunshine, although the stored hydrogen can generate electricity through the SOFC fuel cell, the storage capacity of the hydrogen is limited, and the hydrogen can not support the use of buildings for a long time in continuous rainy days, so that the hydrogen supplementing device installed in the invention can supplement hydrogen for the system to generate electricity.
(3) Compared with the traditional alkaline electrolytic cell, the PEM electrolytic technology has the following advantages:
PEM adopts solid polymer electrolyte membrane with two sides capable of bearing relatively great pressure difference only to H+Has one-way conduction function and can generate H2And O2Separated from each other, good in safety, H2And O2The purity is high.
The size of the PEM electrolyte membrane can be below 200 mu m, and the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is small, so that the voltage during operation can be reduced, and the structure of the electrolytic cell is more compact.
c. Because the electrolyte of the PEM electrolytic cell is pure water, the corrosion of alkaline electrolyte to the electrolytic cell and electrodes is avoided, and H is generated2And O2Does not contain alkali mist, and has higher gas purity.
(4) The hydrogen storage device used in the invention stores hydrogen by combining high-pressure hydrogen storage with composite materials. The high pressure hydrogen storage vessel is filled with a hydrogen storage material with lighter weight, so that the hydrogen storage capacity can be improved and the hydrogen storage pressure can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an energy system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an energy system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an electrolytic schematic of a PEM electrolytic cell;
FIG. 4 is a reaction schematic of a SOFC fuel cell;
FIG. 5 is a reaction schematic diagram of a hydrogen replenishing unit.
In the figure: 1. solar photovoltaic panel, 2 DC/DC converter, 3 controller, 4 collecting box, 5 DC/AC inverter, 6 solar water heater, 7 drier 1, 8 oxygen tank, 9 electromagnetic valve A, 10 oxygen separator, 11 electromagnetic valve B, 12, filter 1, 13 PEM electrolytic cell, 14 deionizer, 15 circulating pump, 16 water collector, 17 filter 2, 18 filter 3, 19 electromagnetic valve C, 20 pure water tank, 21 electromagnetic valve D, 22 electromagnetic valve E, 23 electromagnetic valve F, 24 hydrogen separator, 25 deoxygenating tower, 26 drier 2, 27 electromagnetic valve G, 28 high pressure hydrogen storage tank, 29 electromagnetic valve H, 30 ethanol and water mixing box, 31 electromagnetic valve I, 32 reformer, 33 electromagnetic valve J, 34 electromagnetic valve K, 35 SOFC fuel cell, 36 heat exchanger, 37. Electromagnetic valves L and 38, electromagnetic valves M and 38, domestic water tank.
Detailed Description
The net zero energy consumption building energy system of the invention is further explained below with the attached drawings;
fig. 1 is a flow diagram of an energy system of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the energy source of the energy system of the novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage comprises a solar photovoltaic panel 1 and a solar water heater 6, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel 1 and the solar water heater 6 are both arranged at the top of the building to realize conversion of solar energy electricity and light and heat. The solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected with the DC/DC converter 2, is connected into the controller 3 after being transformed by the DC/DC converter 2, and the controller 3 adopts a PLC controller and is respectively connected with the confluence box 4 and the PEM electrolytic cell 13 through the controller 3. After the controller conveys part of electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel to the combiner box 4, the inverter 5 converts direct current into alternating current for normal use of the net zero energy consumption building, and redundant electric quantity is stored by the hydrogen energy storage unit and then is generated by the SOFC fuel cell to supply power to the net zero energy consumption building at night and in rainy days.
The hydrogen energy storage unit comprises a PEM electrolytic cell 13, an oxygen separator 10, an oxygen tank 8, a hydrogen separator 23, a deoxygenation tower 25, a dryer 26, a high-pressure hydrogen storage device 28, an SOFC fuel cell 35, an ethanol and water mixing tank 30 and a reformer 32. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the PEM electrolytic cell 13 are connected with the controller 3, the surplus electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic panel in daytime is transmitted into the PEM electrolytic cell 13 to electrolyze water under the control of the controller 3, and O precipitated on the anode of the electrolytic cell2Mixed with water vapor entering the oxygen separator 10. Introducing condensed water into the oxygen separator 10 to mix O2The water vapor in the reaction system is condensed, and under the action of gravity, O is generated2And the condensed water is separated, and at this time, oxygen is stored in an oxygen tank 8 after being introduced into a dryer 7. H separated out on the cathode of the electrolytic cell2The mixed vapor enters a hydrogen separator 24, and condensed water is introduced into the oxygen separator 10 to mix H with the mixed vapor2The water vapor in (A) condenses, under the action of gravity, H2And separating the condensed water from the H2Introducing into a deoxygenation tower 25 to remove H doped therein2Small amount of (A) O2(ii) a After deoxidation, the mixture is passed into a drier 26 to remove impurities in H2A small amount of water in, thus H2The purity of (2) can reach 99.999%, then H2Is stored in the high pressure hydrogen storage device 28, and a hydrogen storage material having a relatively light weight is filled in the high pressure hydrogen storage vessel, so that the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank can be improved and the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank can be reduced.
The water temperature of the electrolytic cell can be increased by the heat generated in the water electrolysis process, and after the water temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold value of the system, the controller 3 can control the opening of the circulating water pump 15 according to the signal fed back by the temperature sensor, so that cold water is supplemented into the electrolytic cell to control the temperature of the electrolytic cell and maintain normal electrolytic reaction. Because the oxygen separator 10 and the hydrogen separator 24 can generate condensed water in the operation process, the condensed water can be collected by a water collector, a certain amount of pure water is supplemented into the water collector, and the water in the water collector is sent into an electrolytic tank by a circulating pump for cooling and electrolysis; the water is passed through deionizer 14 to remove other ions from the water prior to being fed to the electrolytic cell to ensure proper operation of the electrolysis process.
FIG. 3 is an electrolytic schematic diagram of a PEM electrolytic cell 13 which is composed of electrode plates and a membrane electrode composed of a high molecular polymer exchange membrane and a cathode and anode catalyst adhered thereto, and which produces H2And O2Isolation, when the electrolytic cell is in operation, the water is decomposed into H by electrochemical reaction at the catalytic interface of the anode+、O2And electrons. H produced at the anode+Through the exchange membrane, electrochemical reaction takes place at the cathode with electrons in the circuit to form H2
The reactions carried out in PEM electrolyzers are as follows:
and (3) anode reaction: h2O→2H++0.5O2+2e-
And (3) cathode reaction: 2H++2e-→H2
And (3) total reaction: h2O＝0.5O2+H2
Fig. 4 is a reaction schematic diagram of an SOFC fuel cell 35, which is composed of an air electrode (cathode) and a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity, and a fuel electrode (anode). The anode material is Ni-YSZ, the cathode material is strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) perovskite type material, and the electrolyte layer is Y2O3Stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) to conduct oxygen ions and to separate the fuel from the oxidant. Since the SOFC fuel cell 35 is reacted at a high temperature, its power generation efficiency is high, theoretically up to 80%. The electric energy generated by the SOFC fuel cell flows into the combiner box 4, and the dc power is converted into ac power by the inverter 5 and then supplied to the building.
The reactions carried out in SOFC fuel cells are as follows:
and (3) anode reaction: h2→2H++2e-
And (3) cathode reaction: 2H++0.5O2+2e-→H2O
And (3) total reaction: 0.5O2+H2＝H2O
Since the SOFC fuel cell 35 generates a large amount of waste heat during the reaction, the heat exchanger 36 can be used to heat water, and the hot water is stored in a hot water tank 39 for domestic use. In this energy system there is also used a solar water heater 6 which produces hot water on a sunny day and which is stored in a domestic hot water tank 39. Since the SOFC fuel cell only runs at night and in rainy days, hot water generated by heat exchange is just complementary with hot water generated by the solar water heater in sunny days, and therefore, uninterrupted supply of domestic hot water for 24 hours all day can be realized in continuous rainy days.
FIG. 5 is a reaction schematic diagram of a hydrogen replenishing unit which uses a mixture of ethanol and water as a raw material, the mixing ratio of ethanol and water is 45:55, the mixture is sent into an ethanol and water mixing tank 30, and H generated when water is electrolyzed is generated2When the quantity is insufficient, the controller 3 controls the electromagnetic valves 31, 33, 34 and the reformer 32 to be opened, at the moment, the mixture of the ethanol and the water enters the reformer, high-temperature waste heat after the SOFC fuel cell reaction is introduced into the reformer to participate in the reforming reaction, and the reforming reaction is carried out in the reformer to prepare H2The following reactions were carried out in the reformer:
C2H5OH+3H2O＝2CO2+6H2
h due to reformer2The steam admission is increased and thus the reforming efficiency will exceed 100%.
In the process of reforming hydrogen production, except for H2In addition, a small amount of CO is also produced2But since the biofuel absorbs CO during the plant growth process2May be associated with the emitted CO2And (6) offsetting. And the hydrogen replenishing means operates for a short time in one year, it can be considered that the hydrogen replenishing means has no influence on the environment.
Claims (10)
1. A novel energy system of a net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage is characterized by comprising a solar photovoltaic panel and two solar energy utilization devices of a solar water heater, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with a DC/DC converter, and used for transforming the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel to the voltage suitable for inversion of an inverter and electrolysis of an electrolytic cell and then connected into a controller;
the controller is respectively connected with the hydrogen energy storage unit and the confluence box, part of electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is transmitted to the confluence box through the controller and is normally used by the net zero energy consumption building after passing through the inverter, and the surplus electricity is used for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and is stored, the electricity is generated through the reaction of the SOFC fuel cell in cloudy days or at night, and the electricity is transmitted to the confluence box and is used by the net zero energy consumption building after passing through the inverter;
after a large amount of waste heat generated after the SOFC fuel cell reaction is subjected to heat exchange through a heat exchanger to generate hot water, the hot water is sent into a domestic hot water tank for household bathing, and hot water generated by a solar water heater is also sent into the domestic hot water tank in sunny days;
in continuous rainy days, hydrogen is produced by adopting an ethanol and water reforming hydrogen production method, and hydrogen is supplemented for the SOFC fuel cell to generate electricity.
2. The energy system of the novel net zero energy consumption building based on the hydrogen energy storage is characterized in that the output end of the hydrogen energy storage unit is connected with the inverter after being converged by the convergence box.
3. The energy system of the novel net zero energy consumption building based on the hydrogen energy storage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen energy storage unit comprises a PEM electrolytic cell and a SOFC fuel cell, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the PEM electrolytic cell are connected with the controller, the controller is used for introducing the redundant electric quantity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel into the electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen in sunny days, the produced hydrogen is stored, the SOFC fuel cell is used for generating electricity in nights and rainy days, and the generated electricity is converged by the convergence box and then is conveyed to the inverter.
4. The energy system of the new type net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen energy storage unit further comprises a hydrogen separator, a deoxygenation tower, a filter and a hydrogen storage tank, the cathode of the PEM electrolytic cell is connected with the above devices in turn, and cooling water is needed to be introduced when in use.
5. The energy system of the new type net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen energy storage unit further comprises an oxygen separator and an oxygen tank, the anode of the PEM electrolytic cell is connected with the above-mentioned devices in turn, and cooling water is needed to be introduced when in use.
6. The energy system of the novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen energy storage unit further comprises an electrolytic cell water circulation device, and the water circulation device is used for supplementing pure water to the PEM electrolytic cell; collecting the condensed water separated from the hydrogen separator and the oxygen separator by a water collector, wherein the condensed water is filtered before entering the water collector; and still supply pure water in the water collector through the water tank, send the pure water in the water collector into the electrolytic bath through the circulating pump, need let in water among the deionizer before sending into the electrolytic bath again, get rid of other ions in the aquatic and guarantee the normal clear of electrolysis process.
7. The energy system of the novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen energy storage unit further comprises a hydrogen supplementing device, the mixture of ethanol and water is introduced into the reformer to reform and produce hydrogen, and the produced hydrogen is directly introduced into the SOFC fuel cell to generate electricity.
8. The energy system of the novel net zero energy consumption building based on hydrogen energy storage of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen energy storage unit further comprises a heat exchange device, and waste heat generated during operation of the SOFC fuel cell is utilized to provide domestic hot water for a family and improve the operation efficiency of the SOFC fuel cell.
9. The energy system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the SOFC fuel cell through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a solenoid valve controlled by a controller and controls H2And in the SOFC fuel cell H2H is also arranged at the inlet2The replenishing device is controlled by the controller to be opened and closed.
10. The energy system of claim 1, wherein the oxygen tank is connected to the SOFC fuel cell through a pipe, and the pipe is provided with a solenoid valve controlled by a controller to control O2And O in an SOFC fuel cell2An air supplement pipeline is also arranged at the inlet, and when oxygen in the oxygen tank is O2When the quantity is not enough, air can be supplied to the fuel cell to maintain normal reaction, and the opening and closing of the air supplement pipeline are controlled by an electromagnetic valve.
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| CN111412380A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-14 | 东南大学 | Hydrogen preparation, storage, utilization and transportation integrated system |
| CN112567979A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-30 | 盐城万洋农副产品有限公司 | Power device for applying solar hydrogen new energy to gardening mower |
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| CN111412380A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-14 | 东南大学 | Hydrogen preparation, storage, utilization and transportation integrated system |
| CN111412380B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-08-12 | 东南大学 | Hydrogen preparation, storage, utilization and transportation integrated system |
| CN112567979A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-30 | 盐城万洋农副产品有限公司 | Power device for applying solar hydrogen new energy to gardening mower |
| CN112820896A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 山东大学 | Thermoelectric coupling energy-saving and energy-storing system and method based on hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN113824153A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | Electric power energy system under underground space supports |
| CN114322356A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-04-12 | 华东交通大学 | Villages and small towns building coupling energy supply system based on photovoltaic/light and heat |
| CN114623487A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-14 | 上海简氢能源科技有限公司 | System for building comprehensive energy and comfortable environment without carbon emission and implementation method |
| CN114809727A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉永驰新技术开发有限公司 | High-rise building capable of taking off and landing mobile aircraft |
| CN116960396A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 武汉海亿新能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell power generation and heat supply system for chemical production and control method thereof |
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