CN113883978A - Tunnel reserved contour protection rock curtain water pressure energy-gathering smooth blasting method - Google Patents
Tunnel reserved contour protection rock curtain water pressure energy-gathering smooth blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113883978A CN113883978A CN202111217310.5A CN202111217310A CN113883978A CN 113883978 A CN113883978 A CN 113883978A CN 202111217310 A CN202111217310 A CN 202111217310A CN 113883978 A CN113883978 A CN 113883978A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting method for a reserved profile-protecting rock curtain of a tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting. By considering the confining pressure grade, the distance between smooth blast holes, the dosage selection and the special blasting construction technology, the blasting vibration is effectively reduced, enough free surfaces are provided for the smooth blast holes, the disturbance and the damage of blasting to surrounding rocks are reduced to the greatest extent, the integrity and the stability of original rocks are kept as far as possible, the contour of the cross section of the blasted surrounding rocks is ensured to be neat, the over-excavation of a tunnel is effectively controlled, the dosage of tunnel slag tapping and concrete injection is reduced, and the consumption of initiating explosive devices is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting, and particularly relates to a hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting method for a reserved profile-protecting rock curtain of a tunnel.
Background
The drilling and blasting method has low cost in rock excavation, flexible operation and wide application range, and can adjust blasting design at any time according to excavation size and geological conditions, so that the method is generally adopted in tunnel excavation, mining and underground engineeringThe application is as follows. Drilling, blasting and excavating are key links of tunnel excavation, are the basis of planning progress, construction period, materials and the like, and the quality of the working quality of the drilling, blasting and excavating system has the greatest influence on the cost and the progress quality of the tunnel. The average linear overexcavation is reduced by 5cm, so that 1.1m less rock can be excavated in each meter of tunnel3The cost can be saved by about 460 yuan by reducing the over-excavation backfill of each meter of tunnel. In the process of tunnel excavation by adopting a drilling and blasting method, an overbreak and underexcavation phenomenon and a collapse accident occur, so that the quality and safety of construction are influenced, and the influence of geological conditions on blasting and unreasonable blasting parameters are not fully considered.
In order to ensure the quality, progress and safety of tunnel blasting construction, the blasting technology is researched to break the jointed fractured rock mass, the blasting technology is optimized, the profile of the blasted fracture surface is ensured to be flat, and the blasting method has important engineering significance for controlling overbreak and stabilizing surrounding rocks, improving the construction efficiency, reducing the blasting cost and improving the blasting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of more cracks, obvious overbreak phenomenon and low drilling quality of the current IV-V grade surrounding rock, the invention provides a hydraulic pressure energy-gathering smooth blasting method for a reserved outline-protecting rock curtain of a tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tunnel reserved contour protection rock curtain water pressure energy accumulation smooth blasting construction method is combined with an existing energy accumulation water pressure smooth blasting technology, firstly blasting and tunneling are carried out on a small section smaller than a designed section of a tunnel, a rock curtain with a certain thickness between a reserved small section contour and the designed section contour of the tunnel is reserved, the length of the rock curtain is a blasting circulation footage, after slag is discharged by blasting of the small section, energy accumulation water pressure smooth blasting is carried out on the reserved rock curtain, and the small section blasting tunneling-reserved rock curtain energy accumulation water pressure smooth blasting is repeated to complete tunnel blasting and tunneling.
And reserving a protective contour rock curtain as a substitute for damage of contour surrounding rock and a buffer layer during blasting tunneling of a designed section of the tunnel, and additionally, pre-splitting the small-section inner ring auxiliary hole by using 1 section of detonators to weaken disturbance of blasting on the IV-V surrounding rock and ensure that the contour of the section after blasting is smooth. The following requirements can be met: the contour dimension of the periphery meets the design requirement, and the convexity and concavity of the wall surface is not more than 200 mm; eye mark rate: the soft rock is more than 55 percent, the medium hard rock is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the hard rock is more than or equal to 75 percent.
In order to fully guarantee the engineering quality, the contour lines (inner ring pre-splitting holes) of the pre-split small-section inner rings are firstly blasted except the reserved outline protecting rock curtain, and the disturbance effect of weakening the small-section inner ring cut blasting on the outline protecting rock curtain and the tunnel design section contour surrounding rock is eliminated. The integrity of the reserved protective contour rock curtain is guaranteed as far as possible in construction, and the integrity has an influence on the light explosion effect of the final tunnel section contour.
When the blasting technology is adopted, the geological conditions of the engineering surrounding rock are closely combined, and the parameters of the blasting hole network are adjusted at any time. Compared with conventional light explosion, the scheme has the advantages of less blast holes, small dosage and small explosion disturbance.
At present, aiming at the phenomenon of overbreak and underexcavation and collapse accidents in drilling and blasting construction, the disturbance of blasting vibration to surrounding rocks is generally weakened by adopting the following three blasting methods: (a) increasing the detonator section to realize longer delay, (b) changing the initiation sequence to pre-crack the peripheral holes, and (c) adopting the energy-collecting water pressure smooth blasting technology. The energy-accumulating hydraulic smooth blasting technology is that the charge structure of light blast hole is completely changed, and the energy-accumulating pipe device is used in the hole to replace the explosive roll and explosion propagation line in conventional blast hole, and a water bag is filled in a certain position in the light blast hole. The field practice shows that the three methods (a), (b) and (c) all have certain control effect on the phenomena of overbreak, undermining and collapse, and particularly, the effect of the energy-gathering water pressure smooth blasting technology is more obvious than that of the methods (a) and (b). The energy-accumulating water pressure smooth blasting technology (c) is adopted to achieve the flatness of the contour after blasting mainly by reducing the dosage of peripheral eyes, cannot cut off the disturbance effect of the slotted holes and the blasting vibration of auxiliary eyes on surrounding rocks, cannot overcome the extrusion-unloading effect of the broken expansion of the blasted rocks on the surrounding rocks of the contour of a tunnel, and still needs to be improved. Therefore, the invention provides a tunnel reserved contour protection rock curtain energy-gathering water pressure smooth blasting method by combining the existing energy-gathering water pressure smooth blasting technology.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
by considering the confining pressure grade, the distance between smooth blast holes, the dosage selection and the special blasting construction technology, the blasting vibration is effectively reduced, enough free face is provided for the smooth blast holes, the disturbance and the damage of blasting to surrounding rocks are reduced to the maximum extent, the integrity and the stability of original rocks are kept as far as possible, the section contour of the blasted surrounding rocks is ensured to be tidy, the over-excavation of a tunnel is effectively controlled, the slag tapping of the tunnel and the dosage of sprayed concrete are reduced, and the consumption of initiating explosive is saved.
1. The technical scheme of the invention reduces the dosage and weakens the disturbance effect of blasting vibration on surrounding rocks;
2. the extrusion-slag-removal surrounding rock unloading effect of the crushed and expanded rock after explosion on the surrounding rock is weakened;
3. and converting the blasting vibration and the blasting rock crushing, expanding, extruding and unloading damage object into a reserved rock curtain from the tunnel design section contour surrounding rock.
4. The light explosion construction has good quality, reduces displacement, looseness and damage of surrounding rocks, and increases safety.
The invention discloses a method for reserving outline-protecting rock curtain water pressure energy-gathering smooth blasting in a tunnel, which is technically characterized in that: the small section is firstly, the rock curtain is closely followed, the dosage is reduced, the confining pressure disturbance is avoided, the object conversion is damaged, the section outline is neat, the construction quality is improved, and the construction progress is accelerated.
After the blasting technology is adopted, the range of the loose zone of the surrounding rock is only 1/3-1/2 of the conventional light blasting technology, so that the stability of the surrounding rock is improved, and the supporting workload is reduced; the wall surface of the surrounding rock is flat, the amount of dangerous stones is small, the roof prying work is simple, the surface stress concentration phenomenon is reduced, the local caving is avoided, the stability and the construction safety of the surrounding rock are improved, and favorable conditions are created for anchor-shotcrete support.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of blasting holes in a blasting section of a tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a tunnel;
fig. 3 is a layout of blasthole patterns on a hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting section of a reserved Protect rock curtain in example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A reserved outline-protecting rock curtain energy-collecting hydraulic pressure smooth blasting method for a sublogging tunnel No. 2 comprises the following steps:
the following situations exist in the field through geological data and past experience analysis: 1. the surrounding rock cracks are relatively developed, and the overexcavation phenomenon is obvious; 2. the on-site blasting parameters are unreasonable; 3. the on-site drilling quality is low. According to the actual situation of a site, in order to ensure that the section profile of the IV-V-grade surrounding rock after explosion is neat, the reserved contour protecting rock curtain energy-gathering water pressure smooth blasting technical method suitable for the project is provided by combining the previous similar surrounding rock tunnel smooth blasting experience, controlling the disturbance of blasting vibration to the surrounding rock and weakening the extrusion-unloading disturbance effect of the crushed expansion of the rock after explosion to the surrounding rock.
According to the field geological data and the actual blasting condition, the main reasons for causing the serious overbreak phenomenon are the following 3 points: 1. the surrounding rock conditions are not fully considered; 2. the dosage is unreasonable, and the blasting vibration has great disturbance on the surrounding rock; 3. the smooth blasting scheme adopted on site can not provide enough free surface for peripheral light blasting holes, the blasted rock is blocked, crushed and expanded to cause strong extrusion to surrounding rock, and subsequent slag discharge causes loosening and falling of the surrounding rock, thereby causing over-excavation.
The 'tunnel reserved contour protection rock curtain energy-gathering water pressure smooth blasting technical method' is a new blasting technology provided by fully considering the factors in the aspects of the above 3, and is a key for solving the obvious overexcavation phenomenon of the project. The charge structure is as follows:
and reserving the thickness of the protective contour rock curtain to be 0.6 m. The number of the light explosion holes is 34, the distance is 60cm, the hole depth is 2m, a water pressure energy-accumulating smooth blasting technology is adopted, the engineering adopts a bidirectional energy-accumulating tube for charging, the length of a water bag is 20cm, the charging structure sequentially comprises 0.2m of the water bag, 1m of the bidirectional energy-accumulating tube, 0.4m of 2 water bags and 0.4m of stemming from the hole bottom to the hole opening, the single-hole dosage is 0.2kg, and the total dosage is 6.8 kg. No empty holes are left between the light explosion holes.
Except for the light explosion hole, the energy collecting pipe is used, and other blast holes are exploded by water pressure without the energy collecting pipe. The rock emulsion explosive adopted in the engineering is
The small-section inner ring pre-splitting holes are 32 in number, the distance is 60cm, the hole depth is 2m, the hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure sequentially comprises 0.2m of water bag, 0.75m of 3 explosive rolls, 0.6m of 3 water bag, 0.45m of stemming and 14.4kg of single-hole explosive from the hole bottom to the hole opening, and 1 section of detonator and 2 sections of detonator are used for pre-splitting and forming seams.
The number of the auxiliary holes of the inner ring with the small section is 12, the hole depth is 2m, the hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure comprises 0.2m water bag, 4 turns of explosive 1m, 0.2m water bag, 0.6m stemming and 0.6kg single hole explosive, and the number of the single hole explosive is 7.2kg, and 10 sections and 11 sections of detonators are used.
The inner ring of the small section has 12 primary cutting holes with the hole depth of 2.7m, the hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure comprises 0.2m water bag, 6 rolls of explosive 1.5 m, 0.2m water bag, 0.8 m stemming and 0.9kg of single-hole explosive, and the total amount is 10.8kg from the bottom of the hole to the hole, and 3 sections and 4 sections of detonators are used.
The secondary cut holes of the small-section inner ring are 12 in number and 2.5m in hole depth, a hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure sequentially comprises 0.2m water bag, 6 rolls of explosive 1.5 m, 0.2m water bag, 0.6m stemming and 0.9kg of single-hole explosive, and 5-section and 6-section detonators are used.
The three-level cut holes of the small-section inner ring are 12 in number and 2.5m in hole depth, a hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure sequentially comprises 0.2m water bag, 5 turns of explosive 1.25 m, 0.2m water bag, 0.65 m stemming and 0.75kg of single-hole explosive, and the total amount of the single-hole explosive is 9kg, and 7 sections and 8 sections of detonators are used.
The small-section inner ring four-level cut holes are 10 in number and 2.3m in hole depth, a hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure sequentially comprises '0.2 m water bag +4 rolled explosive 1m + 2m water bag 0.4m + stemming 0.7 m' from the hole bottom to the hole opening, the single-hole explosive amount is 6kg, 10kg in total, and 9 sections of detonators are used.
The number of the holes of the bottom plate of the inner ring with the small section is 9, the hole depth is 2m, the hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure comprises 0.2m water bag, 3m rolling powder, 0.75m water bag, 0.6m water bag, 0.45m stemming and 0.45kg single hole dosage from the hole bottom to the hole opening in sequence, and the total amount of the single hole dosage is 4.05kg, and 12 sections of detonators are used.
TABLE 1 blast hole charging information
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (3)
1. A tunnel reserved outline-protecting rock curtain water pressure energy-gathering smooth blasting method is characterized in that: firstly, blasting and tunneling on a small section smaller than the designed section of the tunnel, reserving a profile-protecting rock curtain between the profile of the small section and the profile of the designed section of the tunnel, presplitting the profile line of the small section of the inner ring, performing energy-accumulating hydraulic smooth blasting on the reserved rock curtain after slag discharge of the small section, repeating the blasting and tunneling of the small section, and performing the energy-accumulating hydraulic smooth blasting of the reserved rock curtain to finish tunnel blasting construction.
2. The method for hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting of the reserved Protect rock curtain of the tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the reserved outline-protecting rock curtain is a one-time blasting circulation footage, the thickness of the reserved outline-protecting rock curtain is 0.6m, the distance between light blasting holes is 60cm, the hole depth is 2m, an energy-collecting water pressure smooth blasting technology is adopted, a bidirectional energy-collecting tube is adopted for charging, the length of a water bag is 20cm, a charging structure sequentially comprises 0.2m of the water bag, 1m +2 water bags and 0.4m + stemming from a hole bottom to a hole opening, the single-hole dosage is 0.2kg, the total dosage is 6.8kg, and the detonator section is the largest section of a detonator used in the blasting; the distance between pre-cracked holes of the inner ring with the small section is 60cm, the hole depth is 2m, a hydraulic blasting technology is adopted, the charging structure sequentially comprises a water bag 0.2m +3 rolls of explosive 0.75m +3 water bags 0.6m + stemming 0.45m from the hole bottom to the hole opening, the single-hole explosive amount is 0.45kg, and 14.4kg in total, and 1 section of detonator and 2 sections of detonator are used for pre-cracking into a seam.
3. The method for hydraulic energy-gathering smooth blasting of the reserved Protect rock curtain of the tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: no empty hole is left between the light explosion holes in the water pressure energy-gathering smooth blasting technology.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115077315A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-20 | 山东多邦汇德信息技术有限公司 | Tunnel blast hole distribution scheme acquisition method based on rock drilling rack structure |
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