CN113866514B - Lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device and method - Google Patents
Lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device and a method, wherein an electromagnetic field antenna is used for receiving electromagnetic field signals, an electrostatic induction polar plate is used for inducing atmospheric electrostatic field signals, and an optical camera is used for monitoring and photographing optical images in a lightning process; the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module is used for converting an atmospheric electrostatic field signal into an electrostatic field intensity value and obtaining a corresponding electrostatic field intensity change waveform; the lightning signal identification and processing module is used for establishing a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model; the lightning signal recognition and processing module is used for recognizing the input electromagnetic field signal by utilizing the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model and the auxiliary recognition model, and the lightning signal recognition and processing module assists in short-distance lightning detection recognition by reducing the influence of external environment factors on the accuracy of electrostatic field measurement, and simultaneously solves the problem of low efficiency caused by long-time high calculation force blind shooting of lightning optical images.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning monitoring and early warning, in particular to a device and a method for synchronous fusion detection of multiple physical effects of lightning.
Background
The formation and occurrence of lightning is accompanied by various physical effects including changes in the electrostatic field of the atmosphere caused during the formation and occurrence of lightning, the generation of flash light, strong electromagnetic radiation, and large currents during the discharge of lightning. The physical effects caused by the lightning bring serious harm to the production and life of people such as electric power, communication, traffic, petrochemical industry and the like. In order to know and research the cause of lightning, master the activity rule of the lightning, promote the protection capability to the lightning, people develop a great deal of research and development of lightning monitoring and early warning technology and equipment by utilizing various technologies such as electromagnetic signal detection, ground atmosphere electrostatic field detection, optical image monitoring and photographing and the like. For example, a power grid system is struck by lightning, which is the primary cause of tripping of a power transmission line, so that a wide area lightning monitoring network with advanced technical level is built in the power grid in China, a lightning strike risk early warning system and a lightning strike optical image monitoring device are built on an important power transmission channel, and the proximity early warning, the fixed point monitoring and the wide area monitoring and positioning of lightning activity 'points', 'lines', 'faces' are realized.
Ground atmosphere electrostatic field detection is one of important technical means for carrying out lightning early warning, and currently mainly adopts a field-grinding type electric field instrument and an electric field instrument based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-MECHANICAL SYSTEM, micro-electromechanical system) technology. Through experimental research and long-term engineering application practice, in the field grinding type electric field instrument, the ground electrode of the rotating moving plate is worn due to continuous movement, so that the ground shield of the moving plate is easy to fail, the powder generated by electrode wear can cause pollution in the machine body, pollution adhesion can be formed by the exposed images of the environment of the rotating moving plate and the sensing electrode plate, and the phenomenon is particularly obvious in severe pollution areas, so that the field grinding type electric field instrument needs to regularly carry out equipment maintenance and repair in time; the electric field instrument based on the MEMS technology overcomes the inconvenience caused by the inherent characteristics of the rotating mechanical structure of the field grinding type electric field instrument, utilizes the static external induction electrode and the MEMS chip to detect the atmospheric electric field, and because the electrode is external, the charged raindrops and dirt are extremely easy to interfere the measurement of the atmospheric electric field, and when the electric field instrument runs for a long time, dirt and foreign matters entering between the electrode and a reference plane gap, such as spider silk, insects and the like, can cause measurement abnormality and equipment failure. These factors can severely interfere with the sensitivity of existing field-worn electric field instruments, MEMS electric field instruments to atmospheric electric field measurements, detection accuracy, and operational reliability of the device.
The wide area lightning monitoring and positioning is realized by mainly utilizing lightning detection stations distributed at multiple points and combining the methods of low-frequency very low-frequency electromagnetic field signal detection, signal characteristic identification, direction and time difference positioning and the like. According to the signal characteristics of electrostatic field, induction field and radiation field caused by lightning, when in short-distance detection, the detection capability of the existing lightning detection station is reduced to some extent under the influence of parameters such as signal intensity, signal characteristics and the like, and technical improvement is needed to improve the detection performance of short-distance lightning signals.
The lightning monitoring and positioning technology based on electromagnetic signal detection is mainly an electromagnetic signal blind detection technology, the detection efficiency of which is judged, and the accuracy of positioning is often required to be realized by other technical means. The optical image information of thunder and lightning is one of important technical means, and is also an important means for researching the development process of thunder and lightning and the shape of a lightning path. The lightning optical monitoring needs high shooting speed, has high frame rate and large data volume, has strict requirements on calculation and processing performance, is different from shooting equipment in a laboratory, and is a subject worthy of research in the field working condition, especially equipment for shooting lightning on a power transmission line, and the optimization of working mode, calculation power and energy consumption is always worth researching.
Patent literature 201220549090.6 discloses a lightning and ground electric field monitoring integrated device, and provides a lightning single-station detection device combining ground atmospheric electrostatic field detection and lightning electromagnetic field detection, which is used for measuring the intensity of a local ground atmospheric electric field and measuring direction and distance measurement of remote lightning. The lightning detection and the atmospheric electrostatic field measurement of the patent still operate independently, and only the functions are mutually complemented and stacked; the adopted electrostatic field measurement component is based on a field grinding type electric field measurement method, and the inherent defects of the method are not overcome; this patent uses photocells, but primarily performs optical counting of lightning.
Patent literature 202022562582.6 discloses an integrated device integrating lightning early warning detection and lightning optical image recording, and provides an integrated lightning detection device integrating lightning detection, lightning early warning and lightning optical image recording, which mainly aims to solve the problems of repeated infrastructure and multiplexing of communication channels at the same place of various detection equipment, so that construction cost and operation and maintenance quantity are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device and a method, which are used for assisting short-distance lightning detection and identification by reducing the influence of external environmental factors on the accuracy of electrostatic field measurement, solving the problem of low efficiency caused by long-time high-calculation-force blind operation of lightning optical image monitoring and shooting, and realizing long-term stable and reliable operation of a lightning monitoring and early warning device.
The invention provides a lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device, which comprises an electromagnetic field antenna, a static induction polar plate, an MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module and a lightning signal identification and processing module, wherein the electromagnetic field antenna is used for receiving electromagnetic field signals, and the static induction polar plate is used for inducing atmospheric electrostatic field signals;
the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module is used for converting an atmospheric electrostatic field signal into an electrostatic field intensity value and obtaining a corresponding electrostatic field intensity change waveform;
The lightning signal recognition and processing module is used for obtaining the change characteristics of the electrostatic field intensity waveform through the electrostatic field intensity change waveform, and based on the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, the lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model is established by utilizing the space-time correlation between the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal and fusing the electrostatic field intensity value and the electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristics;
The lightning signal identification and processing module is used for identifying the input electromagnetic field signal by utilizing the original lightning electromagnetic field signal identification criterion model, when the input electromagnetic field signal accords with the characteristic criterion of a typical lightning signal in the original lightning electromagnetic field signal identification criterion model, the lightning signal identification and processing module confirms the lightning electromagnetic field signal, and the lightning signal identification and processing module is used for judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal in space and time by utilizing the lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model, judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and the change characteristic of the electrostatic field intensity waveform, and carrying out secondary confirmation of whether the electromagnetic field signal is the lightning electromagnetic field signal according to the judging result.
The lightning optical image monitoring module is used for utilizing the light intensity information and combining the electrostatic field intensity value and the lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module to identify the lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the processing module and the lightning early warning information fed back by the central station, the lightning positioning information and the operation instruction sent by the central station to establish a lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model, and judging whether lightning is possible in the range of the viewing distance according to the lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model.
The invention has novel conception, reasonable design and stable performance, can run outdoors for a long time, fuses a GNSS (Global Navigation SATELLITE SYSTEM ) antenna, an electromagnetic field antenna, an electrostatic field induction polar plate, an optical camera, a lightning signal identification and processing module, an MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module and a lightning optical image monitoring module in a sealed protective cover bin body, and cooperates with each other and does not interfere with each other, thereby realizing synchronous fusion detection of three physical effects of lightning electromagnetic field, electrostatic field and optics, avoiding the defect of a rotating mechanical structure, reducing the interference of factors such as environment on electrostatic field measurement, further improving the condition of short-distance lightning electromagnetic field low-frequency very low frequency signal identification miss judgment, enhancing the detection capability of short-distance lightning signals of a lightning detection station, improving the problem of low efficiency caused by long-time high-calculation blind lightning optical image monitoring, and providing a good technical means and device for developing the long-term synchronous detection of lightning multiple physical effects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a processing model of a lightning optical image monitoring working mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of a typical lightning electromagnetic field signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform of a typical close-up lightning electromagnetic field signal according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a waveform comparison chart of the measuring effect of the atmospheric electrostatic field according to the present invention.
The lightning signal detection device comprises a 1-electromagnetic field antenna, a 2-electrostatic induction polar plate, a 3-optical camera, a 4-lightning optical image monitoring module, a 5-MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module, a 6-lightning signal identification and processing module, a 7-global unified time scale and an 8-central station.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples:
The lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device shown in fig. 1 comprises an electromagnetic field antenna 1, an electrostatic induction polar plate 2, an MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 and a lightning signal identification and processing module 6, wherein the electromagnetic field antenna 1 is used for receiving low-frequency and very-low-frequency electromagnetic field signals, and the electrostatic induction polar plate 2 is used for inducing atmospheric electrostatic field signals;
The MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 is used for converting an atmospheric electrostatic field signal into an electrostatic field intensity value and obtaining a corresponding electrostatic field intensity change waveform, and the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 obtains the atmospheric electric field intensity value around the station address, uploads the atmospheric electric field intensity value to the central station 8 through a unified network channel and can receive a control command and correction parameters issued by the central station 8;
The lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 is used for obtaining the change characteristics of electrostatic field intensity waveforms through electrostatic field intensity change waveforms, based on the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, utilizing the space-time correlation of electromagnetic field signals and atmospheric electrostatic field signals, fusing electrostatic field intensity values and electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristics, establishing a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model for improving the detection performance of short-distance lightning signals, wherein the lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 is realized based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array), the establishment and control program of the model adopts Verilog language and C language, the detection data obtained by the lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 are uploaded to the central station 8 through a unified network channel, and the detection data can be received from a control command and model firmware issued by the central station 8;
The lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 is used for recognizing the input electromagnetic field signal by using the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, confirming the input electromagnetic field signal as the lightning electromagnetic field signal when the input electromagnetic field signal accords with the characteristic criterion of the typical lightning signal in the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, and the lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 is used for judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal in space and time by using the lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model and judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and the change characteristic of the electrostatic field intensity waveform and carrying out secondary confirmation of whether the electromagnetic field signal is the lightning electromagnetic field signal according to the judging result.
In the technical proposal, the lightning monitoring device also comprises an optical camera 3 and a lightning optical image monitoring module 4, wherein the optical camera 3 is used for monitoring the optical image of the lightning process, a photosensitive component is arranged in the optical camera 3 and can acquire the light intensity information in the visual range of the site periphery of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device and generate light intensity triggering, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is used for establishing a lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model by utilizing light intensity information and combining the electrostatic field intensity value and the lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5, the lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the lightning electromagnetic field identifying and processing module 6, the lightning early warning information fed back by the central station 8, the lightning positioning information and the operation instruction sent by the central station 8, judging whether lightning is possible in the range of the viewing distance according to the lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model, and autonomously selecting the working state, wherein the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 controls whether the optical camera 3 is started or not according to different working modes, and operates the frame rate and data transmission. All modules are controlled by the central station, and the instruction data has type words, so that each module can automatically identify whether to send the instruction data to the central station or not.
In the above technical scheme, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is further configured to utilize the light intensity information and combine the electrostatic field intensity and the lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 to identify the lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the processing module 6 and the lightning early warning information and the lightning positioning information fed back by the central station 8, so as to form the L0-L4 level working state of the lightning optical image monitoring module 4;
The L0 level working state is a silent state, the operation power consumption of the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is the lowest, the real-time clock circuit in the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is in time keeping, only the real-time clock circuit and the trigger wake-up circuit are operated, the periodic wake-up is carried out twice a day, and the state message is reported by using the LTE-Cat1 mode;
The L1 level working state is a standby state, the communication mode is adjusted to be on-line at intervals on the basis of the L0 level working state, the on-line intervals are adjustable, and the LTE-Cat1 mode communication is utilized.
In the L2-level working state, when a real-time clock circuit in the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module 4 is in a time keeping state, GNSS time calibration is carried out once a day, the optical camera 3 is in a controlled shooting mode, the optical camera 3 is started according to an instruction, a surrounding picture of a site is obtained or image data is obtained at a frame rate of 25fps, the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module 4 is in an on-line state, and communication is carried out by using an LTE-Cat1 mode;
In the L3-level working state, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 runs on line, the time is GNSS synchronous time service, the optical camera 3 is in a pre-triggering state, the optical camera operates at a frame rate of 150fps by default, the frame rate is adjustable from 25fps to 200fps, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 circularly pre-stores 5s long image data by default, the pre-storing time is adjustable from 0s to 10s, the LTE-Cat1 mode is utilized for carrying out instruction operation and state message, and the light intensity triggering is monitored in real time.
In the L4-level working state, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 runs on line, the time is GNSS synchronous time service, the optical camera 3 keeps the L3-level running frame rate to continuously shoot optical images by default, or the fixed frame rate is preset to continuously shoot optical images, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 monitors light intensity triggering in real time, when the light intensity triggering is monitored, the triggering time is recorded, the light intensity triggering time is taken as a starting point, the optical images are continuously recorded, the recording time is default to 5s, the image AI identification of the optical images is carried out in real time, and the data confirmed to be the lightning images are transmitted by using the LTE-Cat4 mode.
In the above technical solution, the logic of selecting the L0-L4 level working state by the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is as shown in fig. 3:
When the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is initially electrified, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is in an L2-level working state, when the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 does not monitor light intensity triggering, does not monitor electrostatic field high field intensity triggering, does not monitor lightning electromagnetic signal high threshold triggering, and does not receive an operation instruction of the central station 8, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 jumps to an L0-level working state; the electrostatic field intensity classification is divided into four grades of electrostatic field no early warning, electrostatic field low early warning, electrostatic field middle early warning and electrostatic field high early warning according to absolute value |E| < 2kV/m,2kV/m is less than or equal to |E| < 5kV/m,5kV/m is less than or equal to |E| < 8kV/m, electrostatic field high-intensity triggering is generated when the early warning grade is high, and classification values can be adjusted according to actual measurement environment of a site of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device; the lightning electromagnetic signal is triggered according to the high threshold value of the lightning electromagnetic signal, wherein the induction intensity B of the magnetic field component is more than or equal to 10nT, and the parameter of the high threshold value is adjustable;
when the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 monitors the high threshold trigger of the lightning electromagnetic signal output by the lightning signal identification and processing module 6, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 jumps to an L1 working state, waits for the high field intensity value trigger or the light intensity trigger of the electrostatic field, reports the current working state information to the central station 8, and if the central station 8 has an operation instruction to the lightning optical image monitoring module, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 operates according to the instruction, and if no instruction exists, the lightning optical image monitoring module operates autonomously;
when the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 monitors that the electrostatic field high field intensity value output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 is triggered, the working state is jumped to the L3 working state, the light intensity is waited for triggering, the working state information of the current lightning optical image monitoring module 4 is reported to the central station 8, if the central station 8 has an operation instruction of the lightning optical image monitoring module, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 operates according to the instruction, and if no instruction exists, the lightning optical image monitoring module operates autonomously;
When the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 monitors light intensity triggering, the lightning optical image monitoring module directly jumps to an L4 working state, and reports the working state information of the current lightning optical image monitoring module 4 to the central station 8, if the central station 8 has an operation instruction of the lightning optical image monitoring module, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 operates according to the instruction, if no instruction exists, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 operates autonomously, and in the period of continuously shooting and recording the optical image after the light intensity triggering, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 only records the operation instruction of the lightning optical image monitoring module of the central station 8, and then executes the instruction after the optical image data recording is finished;
When the operation instruction or instruction execution of the lightning-free optical image monitoring module of the central station 8 is finished, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 runs autonomously according to the current L1-L4 working states, the running time is defaulted for 5 minutes, the time is adjustable, and during autonomous running, if the lightning optical image monitoring module 4 does not monitor light intensity triggering, electrostatic field high field intensity triggering or lightning electromagnetic signal high threshold triggering, the lightning optical image monitoring module directly jumps to the L0 working state, and if the lightning optical image monitoring module does not monitor light intensity triggering, electrostatic field high field intensity triggering or lightning electromagnetic signal high threshold triggering, the lightning optical image monitoring module directly jumps to the L0 working state according to the triggering type, and if the lightning optical image monitoring module does not monitor light intensity triggering, the lightning electromagnetic signal high field intensity triggering or the lightning electromagnetic signal high threshold triggering.
The priority of the high threshold trigger of the lightning electromagnetic signal is: the light intensity trigger is the electrostatic field high field intensity trigger and the thunder electromagnetic signal high threshold trigger.
In the above technical scheme, the system further comprises a global unified time scale 7, the global unified time scale 7 is used for receiving GNSS synchronous time service information and synchronously distributing the GNSS synchronous time service information to the lightning optical image monitoring module 4, the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 and the lightning signal identification and processing module 6, and the lightning optical image monitoring module 4, the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 and the lightning signal identification and processing module 6 align respective internal clocks according to the global unified time scale and mark time labels for the data. So as to ensure synchronous detection and monitoring of lightning electromagnetic field signals, electrostatic field signals and optical images.
In the technical scheme, the lightning optical image monitoring module 4, the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 and the lightning signal identification and processing module 6 are in communication interconnection with the central station 8, the central station 8 is used for receiving and storing Chu Lei optical images, light triggering states, electromagnetic triggering states, electrostatic field triggering states, working states and operation monitoring data transmitted by the lightning optical image monitoring module 4, the central station 8 is used for receiving and storing electrostatic field intensity values and corresponding electrostatic field intensity variation waveforms transmitted by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5, the central station 8 is used for receiving and storing lightning signal identification and processing module 6 lightning electromagnetic field signal detection data and corresponding electromagnetic field signal waveforms, the central station 8 is used for receiving and storing a plurality of data and working operation state data transmitted by a lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device station, and the central station 8 has state control and instruction operation right, can transmit control instructions and parameter adjustment instructions of each module to the lightning optical image monitoring module 4, the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 and the lightning signal identifying and processing module 6, the parameters comprise threshold parameters, strength grading parameters, operation duration parameters and storage duration parameters, a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model and a lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model are issued, the central station 8 carries out state confirmation and correction on the triggering state in the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device according to global monitoring data, including lightning early warning grade, lightning positioning information, adjacent area lightning positioning information and other related data in the site monitoring radius of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device, and the false actions caused by false triggering and missed triggering are eliminated or reduced.
A synchronous fusion detection method for multiple physical effects of thunder and lightning comprises the following steps:
step 1: the electromagnetic field antenna 1 receives electromagnetic field signals, and the electrostatic induction polar plate 2 is used for inducing atmospheric electrostatic field signals;
step 2: the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 converts the atmospheric electrostatic field signal into an electrostatic field intensity value and obtains a corresponding electrostatic field intensity change waveform;
step 3: the lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 obtains the change characteristics of the electrostatic field intensity waveform through the electrostatic field intensity change waveform, and based on the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, utilizes the space-time correlation between the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal, fuses the electrostatic field intensity value and the electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristics, and establishes a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model;
The lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 recognizes the input electromagnetic field signal by utilizing the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, and confirms the input electromagnetic field signal as the lightning electromagnetic field signal when the input electromagnetic field signal accords with the characteristic criterion of the typical lightning signal in the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, and the lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 is used for judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal in space and time by utilizing the lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model and judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and the change characteristic of the electrostatic field intensity waveform and carrying out secondary confirmation of whether the electromagnetic field signal is the lightning electromagnetic field signal according to the judging result;
step 4: the optical camera 3 monitors the optical image of the thunder and lightning process, the photosensitive component in the optical camera 3 can acquire the light intensity information in the peripheral view distance range of the site of the thunder and lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device and generate light intensity trigger, the thunder and lightning optical image monitoring module 4 utilizes the light intensity information and combines the electrostatic field intensity value and the thunder and lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5 to identify the thunder and lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the processing module 6 and thunder and lightning early warning information fed back by the central station 8, thunder positioning information and an operation instruction sent by the central station 8 to establish a thunder and lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model, and whether thunder and lightning is possible in the view distance range is judged according to the thunder and lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model.
In fig. 1, the lightning signal recognition and processing module 6 uses a multi-path optical camera to acquire 360-degree omnidirectional optical image data, and synchronously receives a global unified time scale, and signals and data generated by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module 5. The lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module 4 is internally provided with a lightning optical image monitoring and shooting working mode processing model, and the working mode can be controlled by self according to the atmospheric electric field intensity, the lightning signal triggering state, the lightning positioning information and the light intensity detection information, and can also be adjusted by a system according to application requirements. In the scheme of the invention, the optical camera is provided with a shooting rate of 200 frames per second, a 3-way lens is adopted to realize 360-degree panoramic coverage, the lightning optical image monitoring module is mainly realized based on an ARM and GPU platform, the ARM controller is responsible for global control, state management, time scale synchronization and data communication, the GPU provides high-power support for image recognition and is used for developing rapid lightning image reasoning recognition on image data, and a main control program of the platform is mainly written based on C language. The thunder and lightning optical image data acquired by the thunder and lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module is uploaded to the central station through a unified network channel, and can receive control commands and correction parameters issued by the center and a trained image recognition model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning electromagnetic field waveform assisted identification model according to the present invention. The waveform of electromagnetic field signal is identified by the characteristic criterion of lightning signal, and when the waveform characteristic meets the criterion, the time can be directly marked and the sending out can be confirmed. For example, as shown in fig. 4, a typical lightning electromagnetic field signal waveform is a far-field waveform, the distance between the waveform and the detection point is generally greater than 20km, the waveform comprises an electric field component and a magnetic field component waveform, the waveform has obvious pulse peaks, the peak value rises rapidly and falls slowly, the amplitude of the wave tail fluctuation is not large, and is generally smaller than the amplitude of the main peak, and the signal waveform is easily detected by the existing typical lightning signal characteristic criteria. When the distance from the detection point is very short, the signal waveform received by the electromagnetic field antenna is influenced and changed in the aspects of signal characteristics and the like during short-distance detection due to the signal characteristics of an electrostatic field, an induction field and a radiation field caused by lightning, and the conventional lightning signal characteristic criterion has missed detection and false detection. For example, as shown in fig. 5, a typical waveform diagram of a lightning electromagnetic field signal in a close range is generated by the same lightning as that shown in fig. 4, the lightning distance detection point is less than 5km, the waveform is divided into a magnetic field component and an electric field component, and research shows that the electric field component is very significantly disturbed in the close range, in the lightning process, the wave tail process after the pulse peak has very strong fluctuation, the absolute value of the amplitude exceeds more than 2 times of the pulse peak, the criterion is not satisfied similarly, and more noise is introduced by simply adjusting the criterion condition, so that the recognition efficiency is reduced. According to the scheme, the characteristics of short-distance detection of the atmospheric electrostatic field early warning technology are combined, and the atmospheric electrostatic field signals are synchronously introduced while the lightning signal characteristic criteria are carried out, so that the detection capability of the short-distance lightning signals is improved in an auxiliary manner. As shown in fig. 2, after the electric signal waveform of the atmospheric electrostatic field enters, the electrostatic field signal intensity and waveform change characteristics are judged and analyzed, which is different from the application mode of lightning early warning, the auxiliary recognition model mainly uses the larger atmospheric electrostatic field intensity change corresponding to the short-distance occurrence of lightning, especially the lightning ground flash, and the intense and dense short pulse waveform to judge, and when the intensity and change characteristics are in accordance, the marked electrostatic field characteristic time window is opened. The time window is adopted because the time scale of the atmospheric electrostatic field signal is 5 sample points per second, and the sample points of the lightning electromagnetic field signal waveform are 100ns intervals, and the time window indicates that lightning will occur near the detection point. The auxiliary recognition model can detect whether a marked electrostatic field characteristic time window is effective or not in real time, if so, a synchronous parallel assembly line processing mode is adopted to judge the conditions such as main peak intensity, main peak change rate, waveform width, polarity, electrostatic field characteristics and the like of the electromagnetic field waveform which does not accord with the existing lightning signal characteristic criterion, the general short-distance signal peak intensity value is large, the waveform signal can be pre-judged and marked for storage, and the characteristics of less lightning ground flash times in a short-distance short time of a single station are combined, whether the corresponding high-intensity electrostatic field waveform change exists in the matching time window is searched for secondary confirmation, and the corresponding waveform information is sent after confirmation. The marked electrostatic field characteristic time window can receive auxiliary information of the central station system, and information such as early warning state, early warning level, electric field intensity and the like is corrected and compensated by combining system operation data, so that the marking accuracy of the time window is improved.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a processing model of the lightning optical image monitoring working mode of the invention. The image monitoring can realize the whole process shooting of the optical path generated when the lightning occurs, confirm the occurrence of the lightning and judge the lightning stroke position in a visual mode, and can assist the lightning monitoring and early warning to judge the efficiency by combining the synchronous time scale information, and develop the lightning physical research related to the lightning stroke process and the lightning stroke path form. In order to achieve the above-mentioned ability, a plurality of high-speed cameras are required to be configured to acquire real-time lightning optical images, a high-calculation-power reasoning computing device is configured to rapidly and accurately identify and detect the lightning images in a large amount of image data, and a high-bandwidth transmission device is configured to rapidly transmit image data. The device is different from shooting equipment in a laboratory, and under the working condition of long-term operation in the field, the high-calculation-power and high-power-consumption operation is a test on the stability of the device, and the working mode needs to be optimized by combining the practical characteristics, so that the problem of low efficiency caused by the long-time high-calculation-power blind action of lightning optical image monitoring is solved.
As shown in fig. 3, in the scheme of the present invention, five working modes L0 to L4 are designed, L0 is in a silent state, running power consumption is lowest, an internal RTC circuit is on the time of keeping, only a basic control program is running, main functional peripherals are closed, periodic wake-up is performed twice a day, and a status message is reported by using a low-rate channel. L1 is in a standby state, keeps low-power-consumption operation, and is adjusted to be on-line at intervals on the basis of the L0 state, the on-line intervals are adjustable, default to be once per hour, and low-rate channel communication is utilized. In the L2 running state, the internal RTC circuit is in the time keeping state, GNSS time calibration is carried out regularly, the camera is in a controlled photographing mode or operates at a low frame rate, peripheral photos or short-time image data can be obtained according to instructions, and the equipment is in an on-line state and adopts low-rate channel communication. And the L3 running state is in a GNSS synchronous time service state, the camera is in a pre-triggering state, the running speed is increased, image data are pre-stored, the equipment is on line, the low-speed channel is used for carrying out instruction operation and state message, and the optical triggering is prepared at any moment. The L4 running state is high-power running, GNSS synchronous time service, high-frame-rate shooting of optical images is continued, image recognition of lightning optical images is carried out in real time, and confirmed images can be subjected to data transmission through a high-speed communication channel. In the scheme of the invention, the communication mode is mainly based on the existing 4G wireless network, and is operated in an LTE-Cat1 low-speed mode when in an L0-L3 state, and is operated in an LTE-Cat4 full-power high-speed mode when in an L4 state.
As shown in FIG. 3, the switching of the L0-L4 states is triggered by the light intensity induction of the station end of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device, the lightning detection of the station end is triggered by the detection threshold value, whether the atmospheric electric field of the station end reaches the corresponding early warning level or not, and the comprehensive control of the central station system end is regulated and controlled, and the operating state of the device is automatically adjusted according to the input control information by the lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model.
When the device is initially electrified, the device is in an L2 state, and when no triggering, no triggering of a lightning threshold value and no information of lightning high early warning level exist, and the system end has no operation control, the device jumps to an L0 state.
When the high threshold trigger of the lightning detection at the station end of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device is detected, the signal intensity is high, the system jumps to the L1 state, waits for early warning grade information, reports the state information to the system for judging whether the trigger is effective or not, and automatically jumps to the L3 state when the high early warning grade is reached, and then the system operates according to the system instruction if the system has a corresponding instruction, and operates autonomously if the system does not have the instruction.
When the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device station end atmospheric electric field early warning reaches a high early warning level, the system jumps to an L3 state, and reports state information to the system, when light triggering occurs, the system jumps to an L4 state synchronously, and during the period, if the system has a corresponding instruction, the system operates according to the system instruction, and if the system does not have the instruction, the system operates autonomously.
When the light intensity induction trigger of the station end of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device is detected, the system directly jumps to an L4 state and reports state information, if the system has a corresponding instruction, the system operates according to the system instruction, and if the system does not have the instruction, the system operates autonomously. In the L4 state, the confirmed lightning image data is transmitted to the system in real time. After the high-speed shooting is finished, the state is jumped according to the judgment of whether the station-side atmospheric electric field reaches the corresponding early warning level or not according to the station-side light intensity induction triggering, the station-side lightning detection threshold triggering and the station-side lightning detection threshold triggering, and the state is jumped to L0 directly when the effective triggering is not available.
The lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device station end light intensity induction triggering, station end lightning high threshold triggering, and whether a station end atmospheric electric field reaches three judged priority levels corresponding to early warning levels are: the light intensity sensing triggering priority of the station end is highest, and the lightning detection threshold triggering priority of the station end is lowest.
The central station system end has state control and instruction operation right, and can carry out state confirmation and correction according to global monitoring data of a monitoring area, including lightning early warning level and lightning positioning information in a monitoring radius, lightning positioning information of an adjacent area and other related data, so as to reduce or eliminate the influence of abnormal conditions such as interference signals, fault equipment and the like on equipment operation.
If the shot image data is transmitted in the L4 state, the shot image data can jump to the L2 state to carry out data transmission according to the requirement.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic field antenna (1), an electrostatic induction polar plate (2), an MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) and a lightning signal identification and processing module (6), wherein the electromagnetic field antenna (1) is used for receiving electromagnetic field signals, and the electrostatic induction polar plate (2) is used for inducing atmospheric electrostatic field signals;
the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) is used for converting an atmospheric electrostatic field signal into an electrostatic field intensity value and obtaining a corresponding electrostatic field intensity change waveform;
The lightning signal recognition and processing module (6) is used for obtaining the change characteristics of the electrostatic field intensity waveform through the electrostatic field intensity change waveform, and based on the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, the lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model is established by utilizing the space-time correlation between the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal and fusing the electrostatic field intensity value and the electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristics;
The lightning signal identification and processing module (6) is used for identifying an input electromagnetic field signal by utilizing an original lightning electromagnetic field signal identification criterion model, confirming the input electromagnetic field signal as a lightning electromagnetic field signal when the input electromagnetic field signal accords with a typical lightning signal characteristic criterion in the original lightning electromagnetic field signal identification criterion model, and the lightning signal identification and processing module (6) is used for judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and an atmospheric electrostatic field signal in space and time by utilizing a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model and judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and an electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristic and carrying out secondary confirmation of whether the electromagnetic field signal is the lightning electromagnetic field signal according to a judging result;
The lightning optical image monitoring module (4) is used for utilizing the light intensity information and combining an electrostatic field intensity value and a lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) to identify a lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the processing module (6) and lightning early warning information fed back by the central station (8), lightning positioning information and an operation instruction sent by the central station (8) to establish a lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model, and judging whether lightning is possible in the range of the viewing distance according to the lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model;
The lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module (4) is also used for utilizing light intensity information and combining the electrostatic field intensity and the lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) to identify the lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the processing module (6) and the lightning early warning information and the lightning positioning information fed back by the central station (8) to form L0-L4 level working states of the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module (4);
After the electric signal waveform of the atmospheric electrostatic field enters, the electrostatic field signal intensity and waveform change characteristics are judged and analyzed, the auxiliary recognition model judges by utilizing the corresponding atmospheric electrostatic field intensity change before lightning ground flash occurs and pulse waveforms, when the intensity and change characteristics are in accordance, an electrostatic field characteristic time window is started, the auxiliary recognition model detects whether the electrostatic field characteristic time window is effective or not in real time, when the electrostatic field characteristic time window is effective, a synchronous parallel pipeline processing mode is adopted to judge whether the electromagnetic field waveform which does not meet the existing lightning signal characteristic criteria has main peak intensity, main peak change rate, waveform width, polarity and electrostatic field characteristics, whether the corresponding electrostatic field waveform change exists in the matching time window is searched for secondary confirmation, corresponding waveform information is sent out after confirmation, the electrostatic field characteristic time window is marked to receive central station system auxiliary information, and the early warning state, early warning grade and the electric field intensity are corrected and compensated in combination with system operation data.
2. The lightning multi-physical-effect synchronous fusion detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the L0 level working state is a silent state, the operation power consumption of the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) is the lowest, when the real-time clock circuit in the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) is in a time keeping state, only the real-time clock circuit is operated and a wake-up circuit is triggered, the device is periodically waken up twice a day, and a state message is reported by using an LTE-Cat1 mode;
The L1 level working state is a standby state, the communication mode is adjusted to be on-line at intervals on the basis of the L0 level working state, the on-line intervals are adjustable, and the LTE-Cat1 mode communication is utilized.
3. The lightning multi-physical-effect synchronous fusion detection device according to claim 2, wherein: in the L2-level working state, when a real-time clock circuit in the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module (4) is in a time keeping state, GNSS time calibration is carried out once a day, the optical camera (3) is in a controlled shooting mode, the optical camera (3) is started according to an instruction, peripheral photos of a site are obtained or image data are obtained at a frame rate of 25fps, the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module (4) is in an on-line state, and communication is carried out by using an LTE-Cat1 mode;
In the L3-level working state, a lightning optical image monitoring module (4) runs on line, the time is GNSS synchronous time service, an optical camera (3) is in a pre-triggering state, the optical camera operates at a frame rate of 150fps by default, the frame rate is adjustable from 25fps to 200fps, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) circularly pre-stores 5s long image data by default, the pre-storing time is adjustable from 0s to 10s, and the LTE-Cat1 mode is utilized for carrying out instruction operation and state message to monitor light intensity triggering in real time.
4. The lightning multi-physical-effect synchronous fusion detection device according to claim 2, wherein: in the L4-level working state, a lightning optical image monitoring module (4) operates on line, the time is GNSS synchronous time service, an optical camera (3) keeps the L3-level operation frame rate to continuously shoot optical images by default, or the fixed frame rate to continuously shoot optical images by default, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) monitors light intensity triggering in real time, when the light intensity triggering is monitored, the triggering time is recorded, the light intensity triggering moment is taken as a starting point, the optical images are continuously recorded, the image AI identification of the optical images is carried out in real time, and the data confirmed to be the lightning images are transmitted by utilizing an LTE-Cat4 mode.
5. The lightning multi-physical-effect synchronous fusion detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module (4) selects logic of L0-L4 level working states as follows:
When the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) is initially electrified and is in an L2-level working state, when the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) does not monitor light intensity triggering, does not monitor electrostatic field high field intensity triggering, does not monitor lightning electromagnetic signal high threshold triggering, and does not receive an operation instruction of the central station (8), the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) jumps to an L0-level working state; the electrostatic field intensity classification is divided into four grades of electrostatic field no early warning, electrostatic field low early warning, electrostatic field middle early warning and electrostatic field high early warning according to the absolute value of the electrostatic field intensity |E| < 2kV/m,2kV/m is less than or equal to |E| < 5kV/m,5kV/m is less than or equal to |E| < 8kV/m, electrostatic field high-field intensity trigger is generated when the early warning grade is high, and the classification value can be adjusted according to the actual measurement environment of a site of a lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device; the lightning electromagnetic signal is triggered according to the high threshold value of the lightning electromagnetic signal, wherein the induction intensity B of the magnetic field component is more than or equal to 10nT, and the parameter of the high threshold value is adjustable;
When the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) monitors the high threshold trigger of the lightning electromagnetic signal output by the lightning signal identification and processing module (6), the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) jumps to an L1 working state, waits for the high field intensity value trigger or the light intensity trigger of the electrostatic field, reports the current working state information to the central station (8), and if the central station (8) has an operation instruction to the lightning optical image monitoring module, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) operates according to the instruction, and if no instruction exists, the lightning optical image monitoring module operates autonomously;
When the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) monitors that the electrostatic field high field intensity value output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) is triggered, the working state is jumped to an L3 working state, the light intensity is triggered, the working state information of the current lightning optical image monitoring module (4) is reported to the central station (8), if the central station (8) has an operation instruction of the lightning optical image monitoring module, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) operates according to the instruction, and if no instruction exists, the lightning optical image monitoring module operates autonomously;
When the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) monitors light intensity triggering, the lightning optical image monitoring module directly jumps to an L4 working state, and reports the working state information of the current lightning optical image monitoring module (4) to the central station (8), if the central station (8) has an operation instruction of the lightning optical image monitoring module, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) operates according to the instruction, if no instruction exists, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) automatically operates, and continuously shoots and records the operation instruction of the lightning optical image monitoring module of the central station (8) in the optical image time period after the light intensity triggering, and the instruction is executed after the optical image data recording is finished;
When the operation instruction or instruction execution of the lightning optical image monitoring module is finished in the central station (8), the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) automatically operates according to the current L1-L4 working state, and during the automatic operation, the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) directly jumps to the L0 working state if the light intensity trigger, the electrostatic field high field intensity trigger or the lightning electromagnetic signal high threshold trigger are not monitored.
6. The lightning multi-physical-effect synchronous fusion detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the system further comprises a global unified time scale (7), wherein the global unified time scale (7) is used for receiving GNSS synchronous time service information and synchronously distributing the GNSS synchronous time service information to the lightning optical image monitoring module (4), the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) and the lightning signal identification and processing module (6), and the lightning optical image monitoring module (4), the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) and the lightning signal identification and processing module (6) align respective internal clocks according to the global unified time scale and mark time labels on the data.
7. The lightning multi-physical-effect synchronous fusion detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the lightning optical image monitoring module (4), the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) and the lightning signal identification and processing module (6) are in communication interconnection with the central station (8), the central station (8) is used for receiving and storing optical images, light triggering states, electromagnetic triggering states, electrostatic field triggering states, working states and operation monitoring data transmitted by the lightning optical image monitoring module (4), the central station (8) is used for receiving and storing electrostatic field intensity values and corresponding electrostatic field intensity variation waveforms transmitted by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5), the central station (8) is used for receiving and storing lightning signal identification and processing module (6) transmitted lightning electromagnetic field signal detection data and corresponding electromagnetic field signal waveforms, the central station (8) receives and stores the data and the working operation state data transmitted by a plurality of sites of the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device, performs combined lightning positioning calculation and early warning, the central station (8) has state control and instruction operation right, can transmit control instructions and parameter adjustment instructions of each module to the lightning optical image monitoring module (4), the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) and the lightning signal identification and processing module (6), issues a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model and a lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model, the central station (8) synchronously fuses lightning early warning grade and lightning positioning information in the monitoring radius of the sites of the detection device according to global monitoring data, comprises the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion of the lightning, and (3) carrying out state confirmation and correction on the working state of the lightning optical image monitoring and shooting module (4) on the triggering state in the lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection device according to the lightning positioning information of the adjacent area and the like.
8. A lightning multi-physical effect synchronous fusion detection method based on the device of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the electromagnetic field antenna (1) receives electromagnetic field signals, and the electrostatic induction polar plate (2) is used for inducing atmospheric electrostatic field signals;
Step 2: the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) converts an atmospheric electrostatic field signal into an electrostatic field strength value and obtains a corresponding electrostatic field strength change waveform;
Step 3: the lightning signal recognition and processing module (6) obtains the change characteristics of the electrostatic field intensity waveform through the electrostatic field intensity change waveform, and based on the original lightning electromagnetic field signal recognition criterion model, utilizes the space-time correlation between the electromagnetic field signal and the atmospheric electrostatic field signal, fuses the electrostatic field intensity value and the electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristics, and establishes a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary recognition model;
The lightning signal identification and processing module (6) utilizes an original lightning electromagnetic field signal identification criterion model to identify an input electromagnetic field signal, when the input electromagnetic field signal accords with a typical lightning signal characteristic criterion in the original lightning electromagnetic field signal identification criterion model, the input electromagnetic field signal is identified as a lightning electromagnetic field signal, the lightning signal identification and processing module (6) is used for judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and an atmospheric electrostatic field signal in space and time by utilizing a lightning electromagnetic field waveform auxiliary identification model and judging the correlation of the electromagnetic field signal and an electrostatic field intensity waveform change characteristic, and carrying out secondary confirmation of whether the electromagnetic field signal is the lightning electromagnetic field signal according to a judging result;
Step 4: the lightning optical image monitoring module (4) utilizes the light intensity information and combines the electrostatic field intensity value and the lightning signal output by the MEMS atmospheric electric field processing module (5) to identify the lightning electromagnetic field signal output by the processing module (6) and the lightning early warning information and the lightning positioning information fed back by the central station (8) and the operating instruction sent by the central station (8) to establish a lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model, and judges whether lightning is possible in the range of the viewing distance according to the lightning optical image monitoring working mode processing model.
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