CN113862050A - 一种多功能燃油添加剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多功能燃油添加剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- fuel additive
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- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种多功能燃油添加剂及制备方法，由醇醚化合物20‑30wt％、酯类溶剂40‑50wt％、酯类辛烷值提高剂1‑5wt％、聚醚胺10‑20wt％、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂1‑5wt％、乳化剂5‑10wt％混合制得。通过使用碳酸二甲酯为辛烷值提高剂，利用其高氧含量、无相分离、低毒和快速生物降解性等性质，降低尾气中碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和甲醛的排放总量。通过使用植物提取油性乳化剂，改善油品雾化效率，提高热效率、降低油耗，并达到消除黑烟，降低排放的功效。利用醇醚化合物的吸水性，清除汽油中的少量水；本发明的燃油添加剂，兼具抗氧、清洗、分散、破乳、防腐、润滑等功能，具有很强的实用性和广泛的适用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃油添加剂及制备方法，具体涉及一种多功能燃油添加剂及制备方法。
背景技术
燃油添加剂从功能上来讲一般分为三类：清洁型、养护型、动力提升型。
清洁型及养护型中的化学成分中都含有清洁因子，可有效清洗或者抑制发动机积碳产生，根据不同的化学成分，添加剂一共被分为五代。
动力提升型中一般含有金属成分，比如MMT(锰)等金属化合物，可以解决车辆因燃油品质导致的动力不足，故障代码等问题。
可见，燃油添加剂与汽车发展息息相关：
第一、二代燃油添加剂：应用于1950-1990年代，其时主流车型为“化油器发动机”，所对应的为“低温积炭”问题，使用常规清净剂即可解决问题(化学成分为聚异丁烯酰亚胺)。
第三代燃油添加剂(俗称燃油宝)：应用于1990-2010年代，针对的主流车型为多点电喷(歧管喷射)发动机，主要解决的是进气道部位的喷油嘴、进气阀积炭，需要持续添加，容易造成燃烧室沉积，其化学成分为PIBA(聚异丁烯胺)居多。
***燃油添加剂(俗称直喷宝)：2010年至2018年，主流车型为缸内直喷发动机，应使用的清洗添加剂专门解决高温区中的喷油嘴、燃烧室和活塞的积碳问题。
第五代燃油添加剂(又称固体燃油改良剂)：2018年以后，为了适应新形势下节能减排的环保要求，产品升级换代为固体或粉状。解决了以前液体剂的易燃易爆问题，方便运输、更便于保管，更环保清洁。它能够解决乙醇汽油的油水分层问题。产品的适用性很强，能够同时适用于汽油(含乙醇汽油)、柴油、航空煤油。主要成分为十八烷酸、丁基羟甲苯等。
因此，随着对环境保护和燃油效率的提高的要求，燃油添加剂有待于持续改进和发展。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种多功能燃油添加剂及制备方法。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种多功能燃油添加剂，组分包括：醇醚化合物20-30wt％、酯类溶剂40-50wt％、酯类辛烷值提高剂1-5wt％、聚醚胺10-20wt％、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂1-5wt％、乳化剂5-10wt％。
上述醇醚化合物包括乙二醇丁醚、二丙二醇甲醚。
上述酯类溶剂包括二乙二醇***醋酸酯、一乙二醇***醋酸酯。
上述聚醚胺包括烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺。
上述酯类辛烷值提高剂包括碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丁酯。
上述乳化剂包括脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、脂肪醇类乳化剂、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚类乳化剂、司盘类乳化剂；
所述脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
上述植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂包括椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。
上述的燃油添加剂，组分包括：二丙二醇甲醚20wt％、乙二醇丁醚8wt％、二乙二醇***醋酸酯46wt％、碳酸二甲酯2wt％、烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺15wt％、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺3wt％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6wt％。
上述的一种多功能燃油添加剂的制备方法，按配比，向醇醚化合物中依次添加二乙二醇***醋酸酯、酯类辛烷值提高剂、聚醚胺、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂、脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物，混合均匀。
上述混合方法包括搅拌和/或超声震荡；
且添加每组分之间的间隔的混合时间≧2min，添加结束后的混合时间≧15min，混合温度为5-40℃。
上述的制备方法，混合均匀后还包括过滤，过滤精度是1微米，过滤对象包括颗粒、浮油物。
上述燃油添加剂与燃油的剂量比为1:(300-1000)。
本发明的有益之处在于：
本发明的一种多功能燃油添加剂，通过使用植物提取油性乳化剂，绿色环保，具有乳化、清洁、润滑、提高汽油雾化性等作用；使用酯类化合物辛烷值提高剂，分子中氧含量高，具有优良的辛烷值提高作用，无相分离、低毒和快速生物降解性等性质，可使汽油达到同等氧含量时相对其他添加剂少2-3倍，从而降低了汽车尾气中碳氢化合物、一氧化碳的排放总量。通过含有的醇醚化合物的吸水性，可将汽油中少量的水携带而出。
本发明的燃油添加剂，其凭借植物型分子材料，能够有效攻击油分子中的长链碳键，在燃油室产生“微爆”，使燃油雾化性能提高，引发完全燃烧，提高热效率、降低油耗；特别是长距离高速行驶，比平时更省油，节油效果明显。同时针对油品因雾化不良，燃烧不完全而形成大量黑烟的现象，可有效降低燃烧活化能，改善雾化效率，使油品中不可燃的胶质也能充分燃烧，从而达到消除黑烟，降低排放的功效。
本发明的一种多功能燃油添加剂，具备抑制和清洗双功能，同时具备抗氧、清洗、分散、破乳、防腐、润滑等功能，大大提高了汽油防腐性能，将纯汽油的中度腐蚀率降低为无腐蚀，产品的汽油机进气阀沉积物量为0.4mg，远远优于市场同类产品，具有很强的实用性和广泛的适用性。
附图说明
图1为实施例4所制备的燃油添加剂的外观图。
图2为模拟进气阀试验中未添加测试样品的检测图。
图3为模拟进气阀试验中添加测试样品的检测图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
本实施例中的化合物均为市购。
一种多功能燃油添加剂，由醇醚化合物20-30wt％、酯类溶剂40-50wt％、酯类辛烷值提高剂1-5wt％、聚醚胺10-20wt％、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂1-5wt％、乳化剂5-10wt％组成。
其中，醇醚化合物优选为乙二醇丁醚、二丙二醇甲醚，通过醇醚化合物具有的一定的吸水性，可以将汽油中少量的水携带而出。
酯类溶剂优选为二乙二醇***醋酸酯、一乙二醇***醋酸酯。
酯类辛烷值提高剂优选为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丁酯。酯类辛烷值提高剂，具有高氧含量(分子中氧含量高达53％)、优良地提高辛烷值作用、无相分离、低毒和快速生物降解性等性质，使汽油达到同等氧含量时使用的DMC的量比甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)少4.5倍，从而降低了汽车尾气中碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和甲醛的排放总量，还克服了常用汽油添加剂易溶于水、污染地下水源的缺点，是新型、有机、环保型的抗爆剂及辛烷值提高剂。
聚醚胺优选为烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺。
乳化剂可选脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、脂肪醇类乳化剂、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚类乳化剂、司盘类乳化剂；优选为脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂优选为椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺，除了具有乳化性，还可以提高汽油的雾化性和润滑性。
制备方法：
按质量百分数，向配料桶内依次添加醇醚化合物、酯类溶剂、酯类辛烷值提高剂、聚醚胺、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂、乳化剂。
添加过程中，每次添加新的组分后搅拌时间≥2min，添加结束后搅拌的时间≧15min，配料及搅拌的温度为5-40℃。
配料完成后，再过滤掉颗粒、浮油物，过滤精度为1微米。
实施例1
一种多功能燃油添加剂，组分有二丙二醇甲醚15wt％、乙二醇丁醚9wt％、二乙二醇***醋酸酯50wt％、碳酸二丁酯3wt％、烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺13wt％、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺2wt％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚8wt％，按上述方法制得。
实施例2
一种多功能燃油添加剂，组分有二丙二醇甲醚18wt％、乙二醇丁醚10wt％、一乙二醇***醋酸酯42wt％、碳酸二甲酯5wt％、烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺13wt％、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺4wt％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚8wt％，按上述方法混合制得。
实施例3
一种多功能燃油添加剂，组分有二丙二醇甲醚10wt％、乙二醇丁醚15wt％、一乙二醇***醋酸酯42wt％、碳酸二乙酯5wt％、烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺17wt％、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺5wt％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6wt％，按上述方法混合制得。
实施例4
一种多功能燃油添加剂，组分有二丙二醇甲醚20wt％、乙二醇丁醚8wt％、二乙二醇***醋酸酯46wt％、碳酸二甲酯2wt％、烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺15wt％、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺3wt％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6wt％，按上述方法混合制得。
性能测试：
以实施例4所制备的多功能燃油添加剂为测试样品，按稀释比例汽油：样品(60L:150ml)进行测试，测试样品的外观见附图1，测试结果见下表1：
表1
如图2所示为模拟进气阀试验中未添加测试样品所得的沉积物(含积碳物质)的重量为7.6mg。
如图3所示为模拟进气阀试验中添加测试样品所得的沉积物(含积碳物质)的重量为0.4mg。
由上表1的检测结果可见，本发明的燃油添加剂的各项检测指标满足国标GB19592-2019的要求，闪点大于60℃，倾点不高于-20℃，成份限值满足GB19592-2019要求，不含有硫和氯等元素；产品防锈性和破乳性都符合GB/T19230.1/2。模拟进气阀沉积物质量为0.4mg，不大于2.0mg满足GB/T37322-2019的要求，且远远优于市场同类产品。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种多功能燃油添加剂，其特征在于，组分包括：
醇醚化合物20-30wt％、酯类溶剂40-50wt％、酯类辛烷值提高剂1-5wt％、聚醚胺10-20wt％、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂1-5wt％、乳化剂5-10wt％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述醇醚化合物包括乙二醇丁醚、二丙二醇甲醚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述酯类溶剂包括二乙二醇***醋酸酯、一乙二醇***醋酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述聚醚胺包括烷基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述酯类辛烷值提高剂包括碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丁酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述乳化剂包括脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、脂肪醇类乳化剂、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚类乳化剂、司盘类乳化剂；
所述脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
7.根据权利要求1所述的燃油添加剂，其特征在于，所述植物型椰子油提取表面活性乳化剂包括椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种多功能燃油添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，按配比，向醇醚化合物中依次添加二乙二醇***醋酸酯、酯类辛烷值提高剂、聚醚胺、植物型椰子油提取表面活性剂、脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物，混合均匀。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混合方法包括搅拌和/或超声震荡；
且添加每组分之间的间隔的混合时间≧2min，添加结束后的混合时间≧15min，混合温度为5-40℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述燃油添加剂与燃油的剂量比为1:(300-1000)。
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