CN113840940B - 工件支架装置、用于为工件涂层的方法和工件 - Google Patents

工件支架装置、用于为工件涂层的方法和工件 Download PDF

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CN113840940B
CN113840940B CN202080036882.0A CN202080036882A CN113840940B CN 113840940 B CN113840940 B CN 113840940B CN 202080036882 A CN202080036882 A CN 202080036882A CN 113840940 B CN113840940 B CN 113840940B
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R·梅勒
H·埃贝勒
P·内夫
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Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG Pfaeffikon
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种工件支架装置(1),其用于保持工件(15)并使其运动,该工件支架装置包括:用于容纳工件(15)的工件支架(2),该工件围绕轴线(3)可转动地支承在基架(4)上;相对工件支架(2)同样围绕所述轴线(3)可转动的驱动件以及多个环式围绕驱动轴线设置在工件支架(2)上的并且围绕与驱动轴线间隔开的保持件轴线(6)可转动地支承在工件支架(2)上的工件保持件(5),保持件轴线(6)相对轴线(3)以如下方式延伸,使得工件保持件(5)构成锥形的王冠式设置结构(7)。本发明还涉及在应用根据本发明的工件支架装置(1)的情况下的涂层方法和借助涂层方法涂层的工件或者基材(15),(例如插针、注射销、球、球形销、活塞、喷嘴针等)。

Description

工件支架装置、用于为工件涂层的方法和工件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使工件(基材)运动的工件支架装置,该工件支架装置包括:用于容纳工件的工件支架,该工件支架围绕轴线可转动地支承在基架上;相对所述工件支架同样围绕所述轴线可转动的驱动件;以及多个工件保持件,这些工件保持件环式围绕驱动轴线设置在工件支架上并且围绕与驱动轴线间隔开的保持件轴线可转动地支承在工件支架上。本发明还涉及一种用于为这种工件支架装置中的工件涂层的方法以及一种工件。
背景技术
这种工件支架装置用于主要是在真空设施中对工件进行加工并且特别是用于在真空设置中为工件涂层。这些工件支架装置用于,使在工件支架单元上的工件在涂层室中运动,以便保证在涂层室中为工件的所有暴露面均匀涂层。工件支架单元在此特别适于,使柱形的或销状的工件(例如钻头、喷嘴针或类似物)在涂层室中运动。在此,工件王冠式地或者环式地围绕转动轴线设置并且在涂层室中围绕转动轴线运动。为了实现对所有面、特别是柱形周面的均匀涂层,工件为此设置在可转动的保持件中,这些保持件围绕其自己的保持件轴线转动。因此在涂层时,工件围绕转动轴线运动并且围绕其自己的与保持件轴线基本上同轴的纵轴线运动。由此为所有面均匀地涂层。
这样的工件支架装置例如由EP 1 917 380 B1示出。在这种设置结构中,保持件轴线平行于驱动轴线延伸。类似的工件支架装置由EP1 153 155 A1、US 2014/0008857 A1以及DE 108 03 278 A1已知。
在已知的工件支架装置中保持件轴线平行于驱动轴线延伸,然而在这种工件支架装置中存在如下的困难:在具有明显的顶端或明显的顶点的工件中,在这些区域中可能涂敷过少的涂层,因为这些顶点在围绕保持件轴线转动时不运动或者保持在一个点上。这会导致这个区域中不足够的涂层。在已知工件支架装置中的另外的问题在于:在长的工件中,重叠设置的工件组(工件王冠件(Werkstückkronen))的数量在工件较长的情况中限制了可以设置在涂层室中工件支架数量并且仅可以对一个批次中较少数量的工件进行加工或者涂层。
由DE 20 2004 009 256 U1已知工件的锥形王冠式设置结构,其中工件逐步围绕其保持件轴线扭转。这会增大在临界区域中均匀涂层的困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种改进的工件支架装置,在该工件支架装置中至少部分减小了这些缺点。
按照第一方面,本发明提供了一种用于使工件运动的工件支架装置,该工件支架装置具有:用于容纳工件的工件支架,该工件支架围绕轴线可转动地支承在基架上;相对所述工件支架同样围绕所述轴线可转动的驱动件以及多个工件保持件,这些工件保持件环式地围绕驱动轴线设置在工件支架上并且围绕与驱动轴线间隔开的保持件轴线可转动地支承在工件支架上,其特征在于,保持件轴线如下地相对所述轴线延伸,使得工件保持件构成锥形王冠式设置结构,并且驱动件包括具有设置在环周上的连接缝的曲柄盘,在这些连接缝中分别延伸有工件保持件的一个驱动区段,经由这些连接缝在运行中使工件保持件进行转动运动。
本发明的另外的方面和特征由从属权利要求、附图和下文对优选实施方式的描述中获得。
附图说明
现在参考附图仅示例性地描述本发明的实施方式。附图中:
图1示出根据本发明第一实施方式的工件支架装置的示意性轴向剖视图;
图2示出根据本发明第一实施方式的工件支架装置的剖视图;
图2a示出工件保持件中的工件的上端部的示意图;
图3示出根据本发明的工件支架装置的侧视图,其具有多个工件支架;
图4示出工件保持件的剖视图;
图5示出图2所示工件支架装置的分解图;
图6示出图2所示区域A的放大的剖视图;
图7示出图2所示区域B的放大的剖视图;
图8示出根据本发明的方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出与本发明一致的实施方式。在详细描述之前首先对各实施方式进行概述。
本公开也涉及一种工件支架装置,其具有工件支架,该工件支架具有围绕驱动轴线可转动地支承在基架上的转向架、同样围绕驱动轴线相对所述转向架可转动的驱动件以及多个工件保持件,这些工件保持件与驱动轴线间隔开并且可围绕保持件轴线转动地支承在转向架上。
在具有工件支架的工件支架装置中改进了涂层性能,在所述工件支架中,保持件轴线如下地相对所述轴线延伸,使得工件保持件和设置在其中的工件构成锥形王冠式或者环式设置结构。
长形的、紧凑的或销形的工件或基材(例如插针、注射销、球体、球头销、活塞或喷嘴针)相对所述轴线倾斜地向外指向地伸入到涂层室中,所述工件或基材设置在工件保持件中并且具有明显的(例如面状的、屋顶式的或穹顶式的)顶部区域。通过工件保持件围绕其转动轴线或者围绕其保持件轴线的自转,绝对处在最高处的顶点沿着围绕保持件轴线的环在工件的顶部区域中运动穿过涂层室,因而不存在明显的顶点并且能够实现对顶部区域的均匀涂层。在拱顶式的顶部区域中,相对顶点在此在绝对顶点下方的侧面处于如下的点处,在该点处,相对驱动轴线倾斜延伸的保持件轴线或者转动轴线分别穿过工件端部。在用一个或多个层进行涂层时,在气缸的、活塞的或销的回转中通过永久旋转确保对顶部区域的均匀涂层。在传统的工件支架装置中,保持件轴线平行于工件支架的转动轴线延伸,而在这种传统的工件支架装置中顶点或者顶部区域总是保持在相同的最高位置(作为点或面)上并且因此可能情况下仅被不均匀地或不足够地涂层。即使在虽然保持件轴线倾斜延伸但是没有实现围绕保持件轴线均匀转动的情况下,特别是在顶部区域中的涂层可能也是不均匀的。
保持件轴线的锥形王冠式设置结构还允许多个工件支架相对彼此较紧密的设置结构。工件支架因此能够嵌套堆叠,使得在多个工件支架的一个叠堆中,王冠式设置结构分别构成截锥形的边缘,下一个工件支架以其工件配合到该边缘中。因此能够在很大程度上与设置在工件支架中的工件长度无关地将该工件支架紧凑地嵌套或者上下重叠设置,并且可以将大数量的工件设置在最狭窄的空间上并且在较紧凑的涂层室中进行涂层。
在此,保持件轴线与所述轴线构成5°至45°之间、15°至35°之间以及特别是25°的角。由此获得在10°至90°之间、在30°至70°之间或者50°的锥角。50°的角在此已经被证明是特别合适的,因为该角实现了在保持件轴线用于改进涂层结果所需要的斜度和保持件轴线的可能斜度之间的良好折衷,在该可能斜度中可以实现工件保持件围绕保持件轴线的转动。
经由在周侧上设置有连接缝的曲柄盘实现对工具保持件的驱动,以便使该工具保持件围绕其自己的保持件轴线进行转动,所述连接缝分别作用在工件保持件的一个驱动区段上,这些驱动区段在连接缝内部延伸。在工件支架装置的运行中,一个或多个工件保持件相对驱动元件转动,该驱动元件使曲柄盘相对工件支架进行偏心振动运动并且在此经由连接缝操控工件保持件的驱动区段,使得这些驱动区段使得工件保持件进行自转。曲柄盘在此在垂直于所述轴线的平面中实施在工件支架内部的摆动运动并且在此同时使工件保持件的所有驱动区段在相应的连接缝中运动。
连接缝在此构造成长形的、相对所述轴线径向取向的长形孔。在运行中,工件保持件的驱动区段在此沿着长形孔的内部边缘实施滑动滚动的运动。
经由相对曲柄盘可转动的驱动凸轮进行驱动,这些驱动凸轮嵌接到曲柄盘的驱动开口中,使得该曲柄盘在运行中垂直于所述轴线运动并且实施工件保持件经由连接缝的转动运动。驱动凸轮在此展现圆形运动,其中,驱动凸轮的外边缘在此限定一个圆,该圆大于曲柄盘的同样圆形的驱动开口。曲柄盘在回转的驱动凸轮的运行中的摆动运动或曲柄运动正好对应在凸轮半径与驱动开口的开口半径之间的差值。
在一种实施形式中,驱动凸轮经由相对所述轴线可偏心转动地支承的驱动辊施加其驱动作用,所述驱动辊在运行中在曲柄盘的驱动开口的边缘上回转,在该实施形式中,摆动运动被特别是低摩擦地传递到曲柄盘上。
具有如下的实施形式,在这些实施形式中,工件保持件分别构造为曲柄式的并且包括曲柄区段,该曲柄区段在两个同轴延伸的端部区段之间延伸,在这两个端部区段中的一个端部区段作为支承端部可转动地支承在工件支架的支承点中,而另一个端部区段作为容纳端部可转动地设置在工件支架的支承开口中。曲柄区段在此构成驱动区段,该驱动区段与连接缝或者长形孔共同作用,并且该驱动区段在运行中、即在曲柄盘的驱动中在这些连接缝中往复运动并且在此执行围绕保持件轴线的转动运动。然而通过双重支承,工件保持件稳固地可转动地支承在工件支架中。
在一种实施形式中,支承点在此设置在工件支架的底盘中、例如形式为锥式的凹深部或圆形的凹深部,在该凹深部中,支承端部在限定位置上支承在工件支架中。
具有如下的实施形式,在这些实施形式中,容纳端部自己可转动地设置在工件支架的开口中,并且具有如下的实施形式,在这些实施形式中,在支承端部设置有工件容纳套筒,经由该工件容纳套筒进行对支承端部的容纳。通过这种方式可能的是:设置对在那里需要的在支承端部与工件支架之间的滑动支承有利的材料对。例如,工件容纳套筒可以构成具有工件支架的支承开口的滑动副,该滑动副降低在这个支承区域中的滑动阻力。
在一种工件支架装置中,多个工件支架相对彼此如下设置,即,一个工件支架的工件保持件的锥形王冠式设置结构环绕另一工件支架的基底盘,使得所述另一工件支架在很大程度上设置在工件王冠件内部,该工件王冠件由设置在工件保持件中的工件构成,在该工件支架装置中能够实现大数量的工件如上所述的特别节省空间的设置。
本发明同样涉及一种涂层组件,该涂层组件具有如前述权利要求之一所述的工件设置结构。该涂层组件允许对大数量的工件进行批量涂层,其中特别是改进了在各个工件的顶部区域中的涂层特性。
回到图1,该图示出根据本发明的工件支架装置1的一种实施方式的示意图。工件支架装置1包括一个(亦或多个)工件支架2,该工件支架具有驱动件1a,该驱动件围绕轴线3可转动地支承在基架4上。在此设置有多个环式围绕轴线3设置的工件保持件5,这些工件保持件沿着保持件轴线6设置,这些保持件轴线相对驱动轴线/轴线3具有距离地同心设置。在此,保持件轴线6相对轴线3如下地倾斜,即,使得工件保持件5构成锥形王冠式设置结构。图1示出的设置结构示出向上扩宽的锥形王冠式设置结构7。保持件轴线6相对轴线3的角α通常构造在5°至45°之间。工件支架装置1在此设置在涂层组件17的涂层室中。在此可以实施真空涂层方法。
为了驱动,驱动件1包括曲柄盘8,该曲柄盘具有设置在其环周上的连接缝,这些连接缝构造成长形孔9。连接缝9由工件保持件5贯穿并且作用在工件保持件5的曲柄式的驱动区段10上。在曲柄盘8的中央设置有圆形的驱动开口11,围绕所述轴线偏心回转的驱动凸轮12嵌接到该驱动开口中。驱动凸轮12不相对转动地安置在凸轮轴13上,该凸轮轴在运行中、即在工件支架围绕轴线3转动时相对该工件支架扭转。其在此可以构造为相对基架不相对转动或者相对基架实施围绕其轴线的自转。在此必要情况下可以调节凸轮轴13的转动方向和转速。驱动凸轮设有可转动的驱动辊14,该驱动辊在驱动开口11内滚动运动并且在此向曲柄盘8传递摆动运动,该曲柄盘使连接缝9进行相应的运动,该运动在此作用在工件保持件5的驱动区段10上或者曲柄上,并且使其进行围绕保持件轴线的相应转动运动。同时,保持件轴线以围绕轴线3的圆形运动进行运动,使得设置在工件保持件中的工件围绕保持件轴线转动地围绕轴线3运动并且在此描绘通过涂层装置17的涂层室的路径。
图2在剖视图中示出结合图1描述的工具支架2、具有滚动轴承19的驱动区段10的细节、驱动凸轮12、驱动辊14以及用于引导曲柄盘8的中间支撑盘组件28。与凸轮轴13耦联的驱动凸轮12经由滚动轴承19可转动地相对相应的工件支架28支承。
图2a示出工件或基材15(在此为喷嘴针)的上部区域或顶端区域(在此为密封头151),其涂层特别关键。在涂层时,所有的工件15围绕轴线3并且分别围绕延伸通过工件15的保持轴线6旋转。通过保持件轴线6相对轴线3倾斜角度α获得顶部区152,该顶部区沿着与保持件轴线6同心延伸的环设置,使得相对顶点在围绕保持件轴线6转动时沿着顶部区152(环)周期性地从最上部点起沿着所述圆上下运动或者围绕保持件轴线6上下运动。相对于保持件轴线6的极点或绝对顶点153侧向处于最高顶点之下。倾斜角度α的设置在涂层时实现了:可以对包括绝对顶点153在内的整个顶部区152非常均匀地涂层,这对密封头152的密封功能特别重要。
同样的内容适用于如下的构造,在该构造中在工件的端部构造有密封锥来代替球形的密封头151,该密封锥的顶端同样可以构造为球形倒圆。即使在这样的实施形式中,也保证对锥侧面或锥顶区域的特别均匀的涂层。
由于倾斜角α和围绕轴线3以及围绕相应保持件轴线6的旋转,可以对这样的喷嘴针或注射销15进行均匀涂层。特别是这样的球体的极点或者顶点或顶部区151和周面或者赤道区域被均匀地由涂层材料浸润。与此相反,在竖直延伸的保持件轴线中仅赤道区被可接受地涂层。
用于工件或基材15如注射销或喷嘴针(例如插针、注射销、球体、球头销、活塞、喷嘴针等)的涂层154的典型涂层材料作为功能层或在层厚为0.1μm至10μm的多层的层中通常包括CrN/CrC并且包括非常坚硬的第二碳层,该第二碳层被涂敷为覆盖层并且具有0.1至10μm的厚度。在此实现了非晶型碳层a-C:H/a-C:H:Me/a-C:H:X(含氢的非晶型碳层)或ta-C(四面体的无氢的非晶型碳层)。
a-C:H:Me[掺杂金属的:钨;铜;或其它物质]
a-C:H:X[由硅;氧;氮或其它物质掺杂]
通常可以用这种设备进行直到450℃的所有PVD层和气体渗氮和等离子氮化应用。
图3示出一种工件支架装置,其中,多个工件支架2嵌套堆叠地设置,其中,下部工件支架的锥形王冠式设置结构7环绕设置在其上的工件保持件5。工件保持件在此经由驱动支脚18进行转动。
图4示出工件保持件的构造。该工件保持件包括用作驱动区段10的曲柄区段,该曲柄区段曲柄式折弯地设置在支承端部20与容纳端部21之间。工件容纳套筒22安置在容纳端部21上,工件可以嵌入该工件容纳套筒的容纳开口中。图2、2a和3中示出销式的工件24、例如喷嘴针或注射销。
图6(图3的细部A)示出驱动凸轮12的实施形式,该驱动凸轮经由径向轴承19在轴承座圈26与遮盖盘27之间相对工件支架2可转动地设置。在偏心区域30上经由销31设置有驱动辊32,该驱动辊在曲柄盘8的驱动开口11中回转并且使其进行围绕轴线3的相应曲柄运动,经由其使得工件保持件5进行转动。在此,工件支架2相对驱动凸轮12转动,该驱动凸轮经由凸轮轴13而相对工件保持件5固定或扭转。
图7(图2的细部B)示出曲柄盘8对工件保持件5的作用。曲柄盘8相对工具保持件5的摆动运动导致连接缝9的相应运动,这些连接缝作用在工件保持件5的驱动区段10上,并且该工件保持件由此跟随摆动运动地进行围绕保持件轴线6的转动运动。在此,支承端部20支承在工件支架2的基底盘25中,并且容纳端部21经由工件容纳部22支承在轴承座圈26中,该轴承座圈附加地由遮盖盘27覆盖。
为了对曲柄盘8在其运动平面(垂直于轴线3)中进行稳定,设置有支撑盘组件28,这些支撑盘组件限定引导缝29,曲柄盘8的引导开口30在这些引导缝中延伸。引导开口29和支撑盘组件28在其直径方面与曲柄盘8的摆动运动协调,从而确保:支撑盘组件28始终包握引导开口29的边缘。支撑盘组件28借助贯穿工件支架2和引导开口29的螺纹件32固定。
所述相对运动可以经由轴13控制,该轴没有相对转动地贯穿驱动凸轮12。驱动凸轮例如可以被相对基架没有相对转动地调节。然而其也可以沿与工件支架2的转动运动相反的方向扭转并且由此提高工件保持件的转速。
图8示出的根据本发明的用于为例如构造为喷嘴针的工件或基材15涂层的方法的流程图包括步骤:
A提供工件支架装置1,
B将基材15设置在工件保持件22中,
C使工件保持件22或者基材15在涂层组件17中运动和旋转,D为基材15涂层,和
E将经涂层的基材15取出。
本发明另外的细节和变型对本领域技术人员来说在权利要求的范畴中获得。
附图标记列表
1 工件支架装置
1a 驱动件
2 工件支架
3 轴线
4 基架
5 工件保持件
6 保持件轴线
7 锥形王冠式设置结构
8 曲柄盘
9 连接缝/长形孔
10 驱动区段,曲柄区段
11 驱动开口
12 驱动凸轮
13 凸轮轴
14 驱动辊
15 工件,基材(例如插针、注射销、球体、球形销、活塞、喷嘴针等)
17 涂层组件
18 驱动支脚
19 滚动轴承
20 支承端部
21 容纳端部
22 工件容纳部(工件容纳套筒)
25 基底盘
26 轴承座圈
27 遮盖盘
28 支撑盘组件
29 引导开口
30 缝
31 偏心区域
32 螺纹件
151 顶端区域,密封头
152 顶部区
153 绝对顶点
154 涂层

Claims (11)

1.工件支架装置(1),所述工件支架装置用于保持工件(15)并使所述工件运动,该工件支架装置包括:
用于容纳工件(15)的工件支架(2),该工件支架能围绕轴线(3)转动地支承在基架(4)上,
相对所述工件支架(2)同样能围绕所述轴线(3)转动的驱动件,以及
多个环式围绕驱动轴线(3)设置在工件支架(2)上的并且能围绕与所述轴线(3)间隔开的保持件轴线(6)转动地支承在工件支架(2)上的工件保持件(5),
其特征在于,
所述保持件轴线(6)相对所述轴线(3)以如下方式延伸,使得工件保持件(5)和/或设置在这些工件保持件(5)中的工件(15)构成锥形王冠式设置结构(7),并且
所述驱动件(1a)包括曲柄盘(8),该曲柄盘具有设置在环周上的连接缝(9),在这些连接缝中分别延伸有工件保持件(5)的一个驱动区段(10),经由这些驱动区段在运行中使工件保持件(5)进行转动运动,所述连接缝(9)构造为长形的、相对所述轴线(3)径向取向的长形孔,所述工件保持件(5)分别构造为曲柄式的并且包括曲柄区段,该曲柄区段在两个同轴延伸的端部区段之间延伸,这些端部区段中的一个端部区段作为支承端部(20)可转动地支承在工件支架(2)的支承点中而另一个端部区段作为容纳端部(21)可转动地设置在工件支架(2)的支承开口中,曲柄区段构成驱动区段(10),该驱动区段与构成为长形孔的连接缝(9)共同作用,并且该驱动区段在在曲柄盘(8)的驱动中在这些连接缝(9)中往复运动并且在此执行围绕保持件轴线(6)的转动运动。
2.如权利要求1所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,所述保持件轴线(6)与所述轴线(3)构成在5°至45°之间的角度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,相对所述曲柄盘(8)可转动的驱动凸轮(12)环绕地嵌接在曲柄盘(8)的驱动开口(11)中,并且在运行中所述曲柄盘(8)垂直于所述轴线(3)运动并且因此经由连接缝(9)实施工件保持件(5)的转动运动。
4.如权利要求3所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,所述驱动凸轮(12)经由能相对所述轴线(3)偏心转动地支承的驱动辊(14)施加其驱动作用,所述驱动辊在运行中在驱动开口(11)的边缘上滚动。
5.如权利要求1所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,所述支承点设置在所述工件支架(2)的基底盘(25)中。
6.如权利要求1所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,经由工件容纳套筒(22)进行所述支承端部(20)的支承,该工件容纳套筒设置在容纳端部(21)上。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,多个工件支架(2)以如下方式相对彼此设置,使得一个工件支架(2)的工件保持件(5)的锥形王冠式设置结构(7)环绕另一工件保持件的基底盘(25),使得所述另一工件保持件设置在工件王冠件内,该工件王冠件由设置在工件保持件(5)中的工件(15)构成。
8.如权利要求2所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,所述保持件轴线(6)与所述轴线(3)构成在15°至35°之间的角度。
9.如权利要求2所述的工件支架装置(1),其中,所述保持件轴线(6)与所述轴线(3)构成25°的角度。
10.涂层组件(17),该涂层组件具有如权利要求1至9之一所述的工件支架装置(1)。
11.用于为基材(15)涂层的方法,所述方法包括:
-提供如权利要求1至9之一所述的工件支架装置(1);
-将基材(15)设置在工件保持件(5)中;
-使所述工件保持件(5)在涂层组件(17)中运动和旋转;-将涂层(154)沉积到基材(15)上;
-取出经涂层的基材(15)。
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