CN113768038A - Accurate quantitative experimental animal functional feed and preparation method and equipment - Google Patents
Accurate quantitative experimental animal functional feed and preparation method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113768038A CN113768038A CN202111072568.0A CN202111072568A CN113768038A CN 113768038 A CN113768038 A CN 113768038A CN 202111072568 A CN202111072568 A CN 202111072568A CN 113768038 A CN113768038 A CN 113768038A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/50—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for rodents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/005—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for shaping by moulding, extrusion, pressing, e.g. pellet-mills
Abstract
The invention discloses a precise and quantitative experimental animal functional feed, and a preparation method and equipment thereof. The feed is quantitative solid particles and is prepared by mixing and pressing a basic feed, a flavoring agent and an experimental medicine, wherein the basic feed comprises milk powder, cane sugar and an anti-caking agent, the flavoring agent is fructose, the weight ratio of the milk powder to the cane sugar is 1: 3-1: 1, and the weight ratio of the fructose to the cane sugar is 1: 20-1: 4. The solid granulated feed can accurately control the intake of experimental drugs by counting, and is a novel innovative measure in the experimental animal feed industry; the main components are milk powder and cane sugar with similar proportion, so that the condition of food refusal or stress reaction of experimental animals is reduced; the feed has good forming performance and good stability after forming, and is convenient to process; the fructose can increase the mouthfeel of the feed particles and avoid vomiting or food refusal of experimental animals due to poor mouthfeel of the medicament.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feeding, in particular to a precise and quantitative experimental animal functional feed and a preparation method and equipment thereof.
Background
The standardization of experimental animals can not leave nutrition and feed, and the scientific development of the experimental animals forms a research on the nutrition feed science of the growth, development and reproduction of the experimental animals, namely the experimental animal nutrition. The subject of experimental animal nutrition is to obtain healthy or specified physiological characteristic experimental materials by adjusting and managing animal nutrition, and to ensure normal and reliable results of experiments. The experimental animal feed in the market at present mainly comprises a maintenance feed and a growth and reproduction feed, the feeds are set for meeting the requirements of the experimental animal on growth, development, reproduction and life maintenance, the particle mass of the feeds is not accurate and quantitative, and the feed intake of the experimental animal cannot be accurately obtained, so the requirements of some special researches cannot be met. These special studies include behavioral studies on experimental animals, clinical efficacy studies on certain drugs, and the like.
Lvzheng et al (2016) in studying the effect of DAHUANGLING Capsule on mouse gallstone, decocting DAHUANGLING Capsule into decoction with concentration of 0.65g/mL, and performing intragastric administration according to mouse weight; yangjinfen et al (2020) in studying the mechanism of metformin to improve the induction of nonalcoholic fatty liver in mice on high-fat diet, metformin was administered at 250mg/kg by drinking water. Wanglinhui et al (2020) in studying the effect of betaine on liver lipid deposition in obese mice, betaine was added to a high fat diet to feed the mice. The above methods have some defects, such as incomplete drinking water and food, leakage, or stress reaction caused by gastric lavage, which may affect the final experimental result.
Based on the above, there is an incentive to develop a quantitative pellet feed to accurately ensure that the drug to be researched is quantitatively fed to the experimental animal without generating some inaccurate unexpected factors influencing the experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a precise and quantitative experimental animal functional feed, a preparation method and equipment for realizing automatic sealing of the experimental animal functional feed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the accurate quantitative experimental animal functional feed is quantitative solid particles and is formed by mixing and pressing a basic feed, a flavoring agent and an experimental medicine, wherein the basic feed comprises milk powder, cane sugar and an anti-caking agent, the flavoring agent is fructose, the weight ratio of the milk powder to the cane sugar is 1: 3-1: 1, and the weight ratio of the fructose to the cane sugar is 1: 20-1: 4.
Preferably, the weight ratio of each component is 23-40% of milk powder, 45-60% of sucrose, 3-10% of fructose and 0.5-2% of anti-caking agent, and the weight of the experimental medicine is less than that of the fructose.
Preferably, the double-layer tablet is prepared by taking the component A as a core layer and taking the component B as a coating layer, wherein the component A is prepared by mixing an experimental medicament and fructose, and the component B is prepared by mixing milk powder, cane sugar and an anti-caking agent.
Preferably, the bilayer tablet has a diameter of 3 mm.
Preferably, the compound is used as a functional feed for test rats.
A preparation method of a functional feed for an accurate quantitative experimental animal comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing, screening and uniformly mixing an experimental drug and fructose to obtain a component A;
step 4, performing primary pre-pressing according to 8 KN-10 KN;
step 5, continuously filling the quantitative component A into the die cavity in the step 4;
step 6, continuously filling the quantitative component B into the die cavity in the step 5;
step 7, performing secondary pre-pressing according to 8 KN-10 KN;
step 8, performing main pressing according to 40-50 KN;
and 9, withdrawing the tablet.
A preparation equipment of functional feed of accurate quantitative experimental animals includes:
a mixer configured to prepare a component a;
a second mixer configured to prepare a B-side;
a tablet press configured to prepare a double-layer tablet having a core layer of a component a and a coating layer of a component B;
the tablet press has a die cavity provided with at least one set of two punches, one opposite and aligned with the other, the space between the two punches forming a space of variable size in the die cavity for containing the powder to be compressed;
the tablet press is still including setting gradually:
station one configured to quantitatively fill component B;
a second station configured to perform pre-pressing once;
a third station configured to quantitatively fill the A component;
a fourth station configured to quantitatively fill the B component;
a fifth station configured for secondary pre-compression;
a sixth station configured as a main press;
and a seventh station, withdrawing the film.
Preferably, the punch comprises:
a head configured as a mating portion of a mold cavity, a pressed work site;
a body portion configured as a force-bearing portion and a strength portion, both of which are longer and larger in diameter than the head portion;
and a transition part configured as a connecting part between the head part and the main body part, wherein the circumferential wall is a curved surface, and the junction between the circumferential wall and the head part is in smooth transition.
Preferably, the end face of the head of the upper punch in the second station is provided with a protrusion, and the diameter of the protrusion is half of the diameter of the head.
Preferably, the tablet press has a rotary die plate, and the stations are arranged uniformly around the periphery of the rotary die plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the solid granulated feed can be used as a main feed and also can be used as an auxiliary food, so that the feeding of experimental animals is convenient, the intake of experimental medicaments can be accurately controlled by counting, and the feed is a novel innovative measure in the feed industry of experimental animals;
2. the main components are milk powder and cane sugar with similar proportion, which have the function of food calling for experimental animals and the function of covering the special smell of experimental medicines in various toxicological and pharmacological tests, thereby reducing the condition of food refusal or stress reaction of the experimental animals;
3. because the density of the milk powder is very close to that of the cane sugar, the forming performance of the feed is good, the stability after forming is good, and the processing is convenient;
4. the sweetness of the fructose is nearly twice that of the sucrose, the mouthfeel is good, the mouthfeel of the feed particles can be increased by selecting the fructose, the phenomenon that experimental animals vomit or refuse to eat due to poor mouthfeel of the medicaments is avoided, the fructose is controlled to be far lower than the sucrose, the feed is healthier, and the growth of the animals is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the various stations of a tablet press in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a die cavity and upper and lower punches of a tablet press in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a punch in station two of a tablet press in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary die plate of a tablet press machine in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of experimental mouse training in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a chart showing the success rate of training in experimental rats according to the example of the present invention.
1-die cavity, 2-upper punch, 201-head, 202-body, 203-transition, 204-bulge, 3-lower punch, 4-rotating die plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
In the embodiment, the accurate quantitative experimental animal functional feed is quantitative solid particles and is formed by mixing and pressing a basic feed, a flavoring agent and an experimental medicine, wherein the basic feed comprises milk powder, cane sugar and an anti-caking agent, the flavoring agent is fructose, the weight ratio of the milk powder to the cane sugar is 1: 3-1: 1, and the weight ratio of the fructose to the cane sugar is 1: 20-1: 4. Specifically, the weight ratio of each component is 23-40% of milk powder, 45-60% of cane sugar, 3-10% of fructose and 0.5-2% of anti-caking agent, and the weight of the experimental medicine is less than that of the fructose.
The solid pellet feed of this embodiment can regard as main fodder, also can regard as the complementary food, and the convenience can accurate control experiment medicine's intake through the count moreover, is the novel innovation measure of experimental animals feed industry, has filled the blank of this product in China. The main components of the milk powder and the cane sugar are similar in proportion, the milk powder and the cane sugar have a food calling effect on experimental animals, have a covering effect on special smell of experimental medicines in various toxicological and pharmacological tests, and can reduce the food refusal or stress reaction conditions of the experimental animals. The density of the milk powder is very close to that of the cane sugar, so that the forming performance of the feed is good, the stability after forming is good, and the processing is convenient. The sweetness of the fructose is nearly twice that of the sucrose, the mouthfeel is good, the mouthfeel of the feed particles can be increased by selecting the fructose, and vomiting or food refusal of experimental animals due to poor mouthfeel of the medicaments is avoided. The fructose content needs to be controlled to be far lower than that of the sucrose, so that the feed is healthier and is beneficial to the growth of animals.
In the embodiment, the solid pellet feed is a double-layer tablet, the component A is used as a core layer, the component B is used as a coating layer, wherein the component A is formed by mixing experimental medicines and fructose, and the component B is formed by mixing milk powder, cane sugar and an anti-caking agent. The tablet form has three functions, one function can fully play the role of the fructose flavoring agent, the taste of the feed is increased, animal refusal is avoided, and the experimental drug is wrapped inside, so that the loss caused by collision of the feed can be avoided, and the feeding accuracy is ensured.
In the examples, the diameter of the bilayer tablet was 3 mm. Generally speaking, the diameter of the tablet can be controlled within 3-15 mm, the thickness of the tablet is 3-10 mm, and the stability of the molding can be ensured. Since the most common feeding subject is a test mouse, the tablets can be made as small as possible, i.e. 3mm in diameter and 3mm thick.
In the examples, the above-mentioned functional feed for accurate quantitative laboratory animals was prepared by subjecting purified feed to a reconstitution design of relevant raw materials according to the purpose of experiment by reference to American Association for Nutrition standards (Ain-76 standard), sufficiently high-speed pulverization, sieving, mixing, filling into a custom mold, and tabletting.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, crushing, screening and uniformly mixing an experimental drug and fructose to obtain a component A;
step 4, performing primary pre-pressing according to 8 KN-10 KN;
step 5, continuously filling the quantitative component A into the die cavity in the step 4;
step 6, continuously filling the quantitative component B into the die cavity in the step 5;
step 7, performing secondary pre-pressing according to 8 KN-10 KN;
step 8, performing main pressing according to 40-50 KN;
and 9, withdrawing the tablet.
The method can ensure the good forming of the feed by three times of filling and three times of pressing, and realizes the preparation of the double-layer tablet with the coating outside the inner core.
In the embodiment, based on the above preparation method, the preparation equipment for accurately quantifying the functional feed of the experimental animal is shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, and comprises: a mixer configured to prepare a component a; a second mixer configured to prepare a B-side; a tablet press configured to prepare a double-layer tablet having a core layer of a component a and a coating layer of a component B; the tablet press has a die cavity 1 provided with at least one set of two punches, one opposite and aligned with the other, the space between which forms a variable-size space in the die cavity for containing the powder to be compressed; the tablet press is still including setting gradually: station one configured to quantitatively fill component B; a second station configured to perform pre-pressing once; a third station configured to quantitatively fill the A component; a fourth station configured to quantitatively fill the B component; a fifth station configured for secondary pre-compression; a sixth station configured as a main press; and a seventh station, withdrawing the film.
The tablet press with the multi-station arrangement has higher tablet pressing efficiency and also realizes the processes of three times of filling and three times of pressing. In addition, as shown in fig. 4, the tablet press machine has a rotary die plate 4, and the stations are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the rotary die plate 4. In this way, automation is easy to realize.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the punch comprises: a head 201 configured as a fitting portion of the cavity 1, a work site of pressing; a main body 202 configured as a force-bearing portion and a strength portion, both of which are longer and larger in diameter than the head 201; the transition portion 203 is disposed as a connecting portion between the head portion 201 and the body portion 202, and a circumferential wall is a curved surface and smoothly transits at a junction with the head portion 201. This embodiment is on original mould basis, to special processing granule precision, through many times of experiments, has designed the head 201 of 3 millimeters bore diameters, shortens the length of drift, adopts transition portion 203 to pass through, selects for use the higher high-speed steel of intensity, reduces because the tiny mould damage condition that leads to of bore.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a protrusion 204 is arranged on the end surface of the head 201 of the upper punch 2 in the second station, and the diameter of the protrusion 204 is half of the diameter of the head. The protrusion 204 is mainly used to form a groove on the lower coating sheet as a holding space for the component a, thereby ensuring that the core layer is accurately located inside the coating layer.
When the feed of this example is fed, it is necessary to train animals, and as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the training process will be briefly described below by taking test rats as an example.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, before formal training begins, a proper amount of quantitative feed particles are put into a squirrel cage;
step 4, placing quantitative feed particles right in front of the window of the training box, and enabling the mouse to know the position of the window to eat the quantitative feed particles;
step 5, after the mouse knows that the mouse gets food at the windowing position, adjusting the placing position of the quantitative feed particles to the right front of the mouse, so that the placed mouse can only grab the quantitative feed particles by the left forelimb, as shown in figure 5;
and 6, continuously training the mice until the success rate reaches more than 80 percent, as shown in figure 6.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Obvious variations or modifications of the present invention are possible within the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The accurate quantitative experimental animal functional feed is characterized by being quantitative solid particles and formed by mixing and pressing basic feed, flavoring agents and experimental medicines, wherein the basic feed comprises milk powder, cane sugar and an anti-caking agent, the flavoring agents are fructose, the weight ratio of the milk powder to the cane sugar ranges from 1:3 to 1:1, and the weight ratio of the fructose to the cane sugar ranges from 1:20 to 1: 4.
2. The functional feed for the experimental animal in the accurate and quantitative manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of each component is 23% -40% of milk powder, 45% -60% of sucrose, 3% -10% of fructose, 0.5% -2% of anti-caking agent, and the weight of the experimental drug is less than that of fructose.
3. The functional feed for laboratory animals according to claim 2, wherein the feed is a double-layer tablet comprising a core layer of the component A and a coating layer of the component B, wherein the component A is prepared by mixing the laboratory drug and fructose, and the component B is prepared by mixing milk powder, sucrose and an anti-caking agent.
4. The functional feed for precision quantitative laboratory animals according to claim 3, wherein the bilayer tablet has a diameter of 3 mm.
5. The functional feed for laboratory animals according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is used as a functional feed for laboratory mice.
6. A preparation method of a functional feed for an accurate quantitative experimental animal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, crushing, screening and uniformly mixing an experimental drug and fructose to obtain a component A;
step 2, crushing, screening and uniformly mixing the milk powder, the cane sugar and the anti-caking agent to obtain a component B;
step 3, filling a quantitative component B into a mold cavity;
step 4, performing primary pre-pressing according to 8 KN-10 KN;
step 5, continuously filling the quantitative component A into the die cavity in the step 4;
step 6, continuously filling the quantitative component B into the die cavity in the step 5;
step 7, performing secondary pre-pressing according to 8 KN-10 KN;
step 8, performing main pressing according to 40-50 KN;
and 9, withdrawing the tablet.
7. The utility model provides a preparation equipment of functional fodder of accurate ration experimental animals which characterized in that includes:
a mixer configured to prepare a component a;
a second mixer configured to prepare a B-side;
a tablet press configured to prepare a double-layer tablet having a core layer of a component a and a coating layer of a component B;
the tablet press has a die cavity provided with at least one set of two punches, one opposite and aligned with the other, the space between the two punches forming a space of variable size in the die cavity for containing the powder to be compressed;
the tablet press is still including setting gradually:
station one configured to quantitatively fill component B;
a second station configured to perform pre-pressing once;
a third station configured to quantitatively fill the A component;
a fourth station configured to quantitatively fill the B component;
a fifth station configured for secondary pre-compression;
a sixth station configured as a main press;
and a seventh station, withdrawing the film.
8. The apparatus for preparing functional feed for precise-quantitative laboratory animals according to claim 7, wherein the punch comprises:
a head configured as a mating portion of a mold cavity, a pressed work site;
a body portion configured as a force-bearing portion and a strength portion, both of which are longer and larger in diameter than the head portion;
and a transition part configured as a connecting part between the head part and the main body part, wherein the circumferential wall is a curved surface, and the junction between the circumferential wall and the head part is in smooth transition.
9. The equipment for preparing the functional feed for the precise and quantitative laboratory animal according to claim 8, wherein the end surface of the head of the upper punch in the second station is provided with a bulge, and the diameter of the bulge is half of the diameter of the head.
10. The apparatus for preparing functional feed for laboratory animals according to claim 7, wherein the tablet press has a rotary die plate, and the stations are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the rotary die plate.
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