CN113748950B - Method for adjusting florescence of calliopsis aurantiaca by utilizing illumination - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for adjusting the florescence of calliopsis aurantiaca by utilizing illumination, which comprises the following steps of; firstly, seedling raising, namely screening seeds with good maturity, and carrying out plug seedling in a greenhouse; seedlings with regular and consistent growth are selected and transplanted into the flowerpot 4 weeks after emergence of seedlings. And (3) illuminating the transplanted seedlings for 15-17 hours, wherein white light is adopted for 14-15 hours, and warm light is adopted for 1-2 hours, so that the color concentration of petals is not lost. The method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, low cost, easiness in operation, ecological protection and the like, and the golden chrysanthemum cultured under the condition of illumination regulation without any chemical agent is 2-4 weeks earlier than the golden chrysanthemum cultured in the prior art, so that the problem that the golden chrysanthemum is late in flowering period and cannot meet the early market demand is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, relates to a method for regulating and controlling the florescence of a plant, and particularly relates to a method for regulating the florescence of aurelia aurita by utilizing illumination.
Background
Tagetes aurea (academic name: rudbeckia lacini A L.): the head-shaped inflorescence grows on the top of a branch, the involucre is hemispherical, the inflorescence support is protruded to be columnar, and a cone, a thin fruit quadrangular shape, a flower support spherical shape and a basal leaf feather shape are formed. Chrysanthemum morifolium is a beautiful ornamental plant and is native to North America.
The golden chrysanthemum has large plant type, various flowers in the full-bloom stage, colorful flowers and brocade flowers, dazzling light colors, long flowering and viewing period and short leaf falling period, and can form a beautiful flower sea view for as long as 4 months, so that the golden chrysanthemum is suitable for being arranged in places such as parks, offices, schools, courtyards and the like, can also be used as a flower bed and a flower environment material, is also a fine product of cut flowers and vase, and can also be used for arranging the edge of a lawn in a natural way for planting. The golden color of the tea is highly matched with the aesthetic appearance of the nation, the reverberation is strong, and the tea has great domestic market potential. In addition to medicinal use, the cultivation and market demands for pot flowers have also expanded year by year.
Since the florescence of the chrysanthemums is later, the plants usually bloom for the first time in the middle and last 8 months. Resulting in late plant flowering, short flowering period, long return on investment period, and high price. Greatly restricting the development of potted flower sales. Therefore, the florescence control technology is particularly important in the commercialization of the Chrysanthemum morifolium flower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of late florescence time, short whole florescence period and the like of the aurelia aurantiaca, and provides a method for adjusting the florescence of the aurelia aurantiaca by using illumination.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for adjusting the florescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by utilizing illumination comprises the steps of seed selection, plug seedling and flowerpot planting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selection of seeds
Screening out dark brown seeds with full grains and good maturity;
2) Plug seedling
Sowing the seeds screened in the step 1) into a plug tray containing a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture; the seedling culture time is 4 weeks; raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the temperature of 19-25 ℃;
3) And the fixed planting of the flowerpot
Transplanting the seedlings which grow regularly and uniformly at the height of 6-10cm cultured in the step 2) into a flowerpot for field planting, and normally rejuvenating the seedlings in the first week after transplanting; starting to carry out light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: illuminating for 15-17 hours every day, wherein the illuminating comprises illuminating for 14-15 hours by white light and illuminating for 1-2 hours by warm light; observing normal growth in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the culture temperature is 19-25 ℃.
In the step 2), the main components of the culture medium are grass ash, vermiculite and perlite, and the ratio is 3:3:1.
further, in the step 3): the diameter of the flowerpot is 15-20cm, and the height of the flowerpot is 16-21cm.
Moreover, the irradiation intensity of the lamp light in the step 3) is 150Lux.
Moreover, the step 3) of field planting is to select the seedlings which grow uniformly at the culture height of 6-10cm in the step 2) of field planting, and then transplanting the seedlings into a flowerpot for field planting, and then reviving the seedlings in the first week after transplanting; and starting to perform light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out 16-hour illumination every day, wherein white light illumination for 7 hours is firstly carried out, then warm light illumination for 2 hours is carried out, and then white light illumination for 7 hours is carried out; starting normal growth in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the incubation temperature was 22 ℃.
Moreover, the warm light is orange light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for adjusting the florescence of aurelia aurita by utilizing illumination, which only enables the aurelia aurita to enter the florescence 2-4 weeks ahead of time through illumination adjustment, integrally prolongs the florescence of a aurelia aurita group, increases the ornamental time of the aurelia aurita, and improves the ornamental value and the economic value of the aurelia aurita; the method for regulating and controlling the florescence is simple to operate, has low input cost, saves time and labor, has low requirements on operators, and can meet the requirement on regulating and controlling the florescence of the golden chrysanthemum in large-scale production.
2. The invention provides a method for adjusting the florescence of aurora by utilizing illumination, which is characterized in that the color of aurora is similar to that of naturally grown aurora by switching illumination white light and warm light, and the color of the aurora is slightly light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the growth at the eighth week of "ringing" in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a comparison between the growth at the thirteenth week and the growth at the thirteenth week for "ringing" in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the twelfth week growth of "grassland sunlight" in example 2 and comparative examples 4 to 6;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the growth on the sixteenth week of "grassland sunlight" in example 2 and comparative examples 4 to 6;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the twelve week growth of "taurultam yellow" of example 3 and of comparative examples 7 to 9;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the sixteenth week growth of "taurultam yellow" of example 3 and of comparative examples 7 to 9.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions.
Example 1
A method for adjusting the florescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by utilizing illumination comprises the steps of seed selection, plug seedling and flowerpot planting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selection of seeds
Screening out dark brown seeds with full grains and good maturity; the seeds are implemented by selecting a variety 'sonorant' of the golden aster;
2) Plug seedling
Sowing the seeds screened in the step 1) into a plug tray containing a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture; the seedling culture time is 4 weeks; raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the temperature of 19-20 ℃;
3) And the fixed planting of the flowerpot
Transplanting the seedlings which grow regularly and uniformly at the height of 6-8cm cultured in the step 2) into a flowerpot for field planting, and normally rejuvenating the seedlings in the first week after transplanting; and starting to perform light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: performing illumination for 15 hours every day, wherein the illumination comprises 14 hours of white light illumination and 1 hour of warm light illumination; starting normal growth observation in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the culture temperature is 19-20 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 2), the main components of the culture medium are grass ash, vermiculite and perlite, and the ratio is 3:3:1.
preferably, in the step 3): the diameter of the flowerpot is 15cm, and the height of the flowerpot is 16cm.
Preferably, the irradiation intensity of the lamp light in the step 3) is 150Lux.
Preferably, the flowerpot in the step 3) is used for raising seedlings, seedlings which grow uniformly and are cultured at the height of 6-8cm in the step 2) are selected and transplanted into a flower disc for culturing, and seedlings are recovered in the first week after transplantation; and starting to perform light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out 15-hour light irradiation every day, wherein the white light irradiation is carried out for 7 hours, then the warm light irradiation is carried out for 1 hour, and then the white light irradiation is carried out for 7 hours; starting normal growth in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the culture temperature is 19-20 ℃.
Preferably, the warm light is orange light.
Example 2
A method for adjusting the florescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by utilizing illumination comprises the steps of seed selection, plug seedling and flowerpot planting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selection of seeds
Screening out dark brown seeds with full grains and good maturity; seeds are implemented by selecting a variety 'grassland sunshine' of the golden aster;
2) Plug seedling
Sowing the seeds screened in the step 1) into a plug tray containing a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture; the seedling culture time is 4 weeks; raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the temperature of 19-25 ℃;
3) And the fixed planting of the flowerpot
Transplanting the seedlings which grow regularly and uniformly at the culture height of 6-10cm in the step 2) into a flowerpot for field planting, and normally reviving the seedlings in the first week after transplanting; starting to carry out light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: the illumination is carried out for 17 hours every day, wherein the illumination is carried out for 15 hours by adopting white light, and the illumination is carried out for 2 hours by using warm light; observing normal growth in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the culture temperature is 24-25 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 2), the main components of the culture medium are grass ash, vermiculite and perlite, and the ratio is 3:3:1.
preferably, in the step 3): the diameter of the flowerpot is 20cm, and the height of the flowerpot is 21cm.
Preferably, the irradiation intensity of the lamp light in the step 3) is 150Lux.
Preferably, the step 3) of field planting is to select the seedlings which grow uniformly at the height of 8-10cm and are cultured in the step 2) of planting in a flowerpot, and then the seedlings are revived in the first week after planting; and starting to perform light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: performing 17-hour illumination every day, wherein white light illumination is performed for 7.5 hours, warm light illumination is performed for 1.5 hours, and white light illumination is performed for 8 hours; normal culture and seedling are started in the fourth week; thoroughly watering once in a seedling growing period, wherein the watering is thoroughly performed each time; the culture temperature is 24-25 ℃.
Preferably, the warm light is orange light.
Example 3
A method for adjusting the florescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by utilizing illumination comprises the steps of seed selection, plug seedling and flowerpot planting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selection of seeds
Screening out dark brown seeds with full grains and good maturity; the seeds are selected from a variety of golden aster, which is taurulous yellow;
2) Plug seedling
Sowing the seeds screened in the step 1) into a plug tray containing a seedling substrate for seedling; the seedling culture time is 4 weeks; raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the temperature of 21-22 ℃;
3) And the fixed planting of the flowerpot
Transplanting the seedlings with the culture height of 7-9cm and uniform growth in the step 2) into a flowerpot for field planting, and normally reviving the seedlings in the first week after transplanting; and starting to perform light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out 16-hour illumination every day, wherein the illumination is carried out for 14 hours by adopting white light, and the illumination is carried out for 2 hours by using warm light; observing normal growth in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the culture temperature is 21-22 deg.C.
Preferably, in the step 2), the main components of the culture medium are grass ash, vermiculite and perlite, and the ratio is 3:3:1.
preferably, in the step 3): the diameter of the flowerpot is 18cm, and the height of the flowerpot is 19cm.
Preferably, the irradiation intensity of the lamp light in the step 3) is 150Lux.
Preferably, the step 3) field planting is carried out, seedlings which grow uniformly at the culture height of 8-10cm in the step 2) are selected and transplanted in a flowerpot for field planting, and the seedlings are revived in the first week after transplantation; starting to carry out light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out 16-hour illumination every day, wherein white light illumination is carried out for 7 hours, then warm light illumination is carried out for 2 hours, and then white light illumination is carried out for 7 hours; normal culture seedling is started in the fourth week; thoroughly watering once in a seedling growing period, wherein the watering is thoroughly performed each time; the culture temperature is 21-22 deg.C, preferably, the warm light is orange light.
Comparative example 1
Selecting a variety 'sonorous sound' of the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat to implement; the light irradiation time was changed from 15 hours to 10 hours, in which 4.5 hours of white light irradiation, 1 hour of warm light irradiation, and 4.5 hours of white light irradiation were performed, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Selecting a variety of "sonorant" of the golden aster for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 15 hours to 13 hours, in which white light irradiation was performed for 6 hours, then warm light irradiation was performed for 1.5 hours, and then white light irradiation was performed for 5.5 hours, all other things being the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Selecting a variety of "sonorant" of the golden aster for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 15 hours to 18 hours, in which 8 hours of white light irradiation, 2 hours of warm light irradiation, and 8 hours of white light irradiation were performed, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Selecting a variety of 'grassland sunshine' of the golden chrysanthemum for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 17 hours to 10 hours, in which the white light irradiation was performed for 4.5 hours, then the warm light irradiation was performed for 1 hour, and then the white light irradiation was performed for 4.5 hours, and the rest was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 5
Selecting a variety of 'grassland sunshine' of the golden chrysanthemum for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 17 hours to 13 hours, in which white light irradiation was performed for 6 hours, then warm light irradiation was performed for 1.5 hours, and then white light irradiation was performed for 5.5 hours, all other things being the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 6
Selecting a variety of 'grassland sunshine' of the golden chrysanthemum for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 17 hours to 18 hours, in which white light irradiation was performed for 8 hours, then warm light irradiation was performed for 2 hours, and further white light irradiation was performed for 8 hours, all other things being the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 7
Selecting a variety of golden aster, which is tauao golden yellow, for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 16 hours to 10 hours, in which white light irradiation was performed for 4.5 hours, then warm light irradiation was performed for 1 hour, and further white light irradiation was performed for 4.5 hours, all other things being the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 8
Selecting a variety of golden aster, which is tauao golden yellow, for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 16 hours to 13 hours, wherein the white light irradiation was performed for 6 hours, then the warm light irradiation was performed for 1.5 hours, and then the white light irradiation was performed for 5.5 hours, all other things being the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 9
Selecting a variety of "taurultah golden yellow" of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat for implementation; the light irradiation time was changed from 16 hours to 18 hours, wherein 8 hours of white light irradiation, 2 hours of warm light irradiation, and 8 hours of white light irradiation were performed, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 10
Selecting a variety of "sonorant" of the golden aster for implementation; the light irradiation time was 15 hours, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 11
Selecting a variety of 'grassland sunshine' of the golden chrysanthemum for implementation; the illumination time of 17 hours was white light illumination, and the rest was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 12
Selecting a variety of "taurultah golden yellow" of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat for implementation; the illumination time of 16 hours was white light illumination, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Examples 1-3 the results of the experiments are shown in table 1; comparative examples 1 to 12 the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
The experimental results show that the growth and the flowering phase of the aurelia aurantiaca can be influenced by overlong and overlong illumination time; in addition, the invention firstly discovers that the color of the flower can be adjusted by selecting proper time and irradiating the golden chrysanthemum with warm color light, and then multiple tests verify reasonable irradiation time and irradiation time.
The application utilizes illumination adjustment, can effectively advance the florescence of the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, has bright color and higher total flower number of plants, and can meet the requirements of the early market in China.
Seedling conditions are as follows: from the experimental results of tables 1-2, FIGS. 1-6, it can be seen that the most effective culture conditions under the same field management are; the temperature is 21-22 ℃, the illumination period (white light: warm light: white light) is 7h.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for adjusting the florescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by using illumination is characterized by comprising the steps of seed selection, plug seedling and flowerpot field planting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Selection of seeds
Screening out dark brown seeds with full grains and good maturity; the seeds adopt a variety of "tautataauri golden yellow" of aurelia;
2) Plug seedling
Sowing the seeds screened in the step 1) into a plug tray containing a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture; the seedling raising time is 4 weeks; raising seedlings in a greenhouse at the temperature of 19-25 ℃;
3) And the fixed planting of the flowerpot
Transplanting the seedlings which grow regularly and uniformly at the height of 6-10cm cultured in the step 2) into a flowerpot for field planting, and normally rejuvenating the seedlings in the first week after transplanting; the second and third weeks begin the light treatment;
in the step 2), the main components of the culture medium are grass ash, vermiculite and perlite, and the ratio is 3:3:1;
in the step 3): the diameter of the flowerpot is 15-20cm, and the height of the flowerpot is 16-21cm;
the irradiation intensity of the lamplight in the step 3) is 150Lux;
the step 3) of field planting, namely selecting seedlings with the consistent growth height of 6-10cm cultured in the step 2) and transplanting the seedlings into a flowerpot for field planting, and recovering seedlings in the first week after transplanting; starting to carry out light treatment in the second week and the third week, wherein the light treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out 16-hour light irradiation every day, wherein the white light irradiation is carried out for 7 hours, then the warm light irradiation is carried out for 2 hours, and then the white light irradiation is carried out for 7 hours; starting normal growth in the fourth week; thoroughly drying and watering during seedling culture; the incubation temperature was 22 ℃.
2. The method of using light to modulate golden aster flowering time according to claim 1 wherein: the warm light is orange light.
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| US4788793A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1988-12-06 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Method of inhibiting premature budding of short-day floral crops |
| JP2004097082A (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-04-02 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | Method for promoting flowering in flowering plant |
| JP2009136155A (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-25 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Short-day treatment method for plant, and light-illuminating device in plant cultivation |
| JP2016202108A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-12-08 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | Cultivation method of phalaenopsis and light source equipment for use in it |
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