CN113748814A - Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113748814A CN113748814A CN202111187104.4A CN202111187104A CN113748814A CN 113748814 A CN113748814 A CN 113748814A CN 202111187104 A CN202111187104 A CN 202111187104A CN 113748814 A CN113748814 A CN 113748814A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- wheat
- corn
- straws
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012165 high-throughput sequencing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCUARRIEZVDMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 HCUARRIEZVDMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004062 cytokinin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytokinin Natural products C1=NC=2C(NCC=C(CO)C)=NC=NC=2N1C1CC(O)C(CO)O1 UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat-corn, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) returning the whole amount of the straws to the field after the corn is harvested, adding water into the straw decomposition agent, uniformly mixing the water with the wormcast, and spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws; (2) spreading organic fertilizer, and rotary tillage and soil preparation; (3) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and applying the mixture below wheat seeds when wheat is planted; (4) applying nitrogen fertilizer in the jointing stage of wheat; (5) returning the whole amount of the harvested wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent, uniformly mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast, spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws, and carrying out rotary tillage and land preparation; (6) the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are mixed and applied to the lower part of the corn seeds during the corn planting. The straw, the wormcast and the organic fertilizer are mutually synergistic, so that the crop yield, the fertilizer utilization rate and the soil nutrient are obviously improved, the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increased, the soil can be improved, the yield of wheat and corn can be improved, and the pollution of agricultural wastes can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn.
Background
Wheat and corn are main grain crops in China, and a mode of winter wheat-summer corn rotation is mainly adopted in Huang-Huai-Hai regions. In this mode, a large amount of crop straw is produced. As a precious, large-amount and ubiquitous organic agricultural waste resource, how to scientifically and efficiently treat crop straws becomes a pressing problem for agricultural production and environmental protection. With the popularization of straw returning technology, farmers have adopted a field returning mode to treat straws in large quantities. But the nonstandard and unscientific straw returning technology leads to increasingly prominent series of problems, and particularly the problems of low crop emergence rate, aggravation of diseases and the like caused by excessive straw returning quantity. In addition, the immature key technologies such as crop fertilizing amount under the condition of straw returning limits the comprehensive and scientific popularization of the straw returning technology. Therefore, how to provide a straw returning fertilization method with good yield increase effect under a winter wheat and summer corn rotation system becomes a research direction of people.
Chinese patent document CN111133964A (application No. 202010094078.X) discloses a comprehensive control method for annual nitrogen leaching loss of wheat and corn in a brown soil area, which mainly comprises a compound (mixed) fertilizer, slow-release urea, a straw decomposition agent and water-saving irrigation, wherein the method adopts the compound (mixed) fertilizer and the slow-release urea for treatment, so that the nutrient requirement of the whole growth cycle of the wheat and the corn can be guaranteed, the nitrogen redundancy in the field can be effectively avoided, and the nitrogen leaching loss is reduced to the maximum extent; by implementing the deep straw reduction and the treatment of the straw decomposition agent, the returning straws can be promoted to be decomposed fully, the nutrients can be released fully, the nutrients in the straws can be effectively utilized by crops, the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the nitrogen leaching risk can be reduced; by adopting the water-saving irrigation mode to irrigate, the soil wetting depth can be accurately controlled, the water demand of crops can be met, and water resource waste and nitrogen leaching caused by excessive irrigation can be avoided. The patent focuses on reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen in soil, and needs to be further enhanced in the aspect of improving the grain yield.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fertilizing method for improving the annual yield of wheat and corn.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the previous corn straws in the field, returning the whole amount of the crushed corn straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast, uniformly mixing the mixture and uniformly spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws;
(2) spreading organic fertilizer, and rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(3) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and applying the mixture below wheat seeds when wheat is planted;
(4) in the wheat jointing stage, dressing nitrogen fertilizer;
(5) after wheat is harvested, crushing wheat straws in the field, returning the whole wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(6) the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are mixed and applied below the corn seeds when the corn is planted.
Preferably, the wormcast is used in the steps (1) and (5) in an amount of 30-50 kg/mu.
Preferably, the straw decomposition agent in the steps (1) and (5) is powder, the dosage of the powder is 4.0-6.0 kg/mu, the powder is diluted by 150-200 times with water, and the powder is uniformly mixed with wormcast and then applied.
Further preferably, the amount of the straw decomposition agent is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu.
Preferably, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is more than or equal to 45 wt%, N, P2O5And K2The sum of the mass percent of O is more than or equal to 5 percent; the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 150-250 kg/mu.
Further preferably, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 160-200 kg/mu.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the steps (3) and (4) comprises one or more of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer; the N dosage in the nitrogen fertilizer is 7.0-9.0 kg/mu.
Further preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer in step (3) comprises calcium superphosphate and/or triple superphosphate; p in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The using amount is 6.0-9.0 kg/mu.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer in the step (3) comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride; k in the potash fertilizer2The dosage of O is 4.0-6.0 kg/mu.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the step (6) is a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the using amount of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 18.0-22.0 kg/mu.
Further preferably, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea.
Further preferably, the usage amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 20.0 kg/mu.
Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer in step (6) comprises calcium superphosphate and/or triple superphosphate; p in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The dosage of the composition is 6.0-9.0 kg/mu.
Further preferably, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The usage amount of (A) is 8.0 kg/mu.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer in the step (6) comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride; k in the potash fertilizer2The using amount of O is 8.0-11.0 kg/mu.
Further preferably, K in the potash fertilizer2The dosage of O is 10.0 kg/mu.
Preferably, the depth of rotary tillage and soil preparation in the steps (2) and (5) is 8-15 cm.
Preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage and land preparation is 9-14 cm.
The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat-corn, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) after the corn is harvested, completely crushing the straws in the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent, uniformly mixing the straw decomposition agent with the wormcast, and spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws; (2) spreading the organic fertilizer on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation; (3) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and applying the mixture below wheat seeds when wheat is planted; (4) in the wheat jointing stage, dressing nitrogen fertilizer; (5) returning the whole amount of the harvested wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent, uniformly mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast, spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws, and carrying out rotary tillage and land preparation; (6) the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are mixed and applied to the lower part of the corn seeds when the corn is planted. The invention adopts a fertilization method combining straw returning with organic fertilizer, firstly, the straw decomposition agent can accelerate the decomposition of the straw, promote the release of nutrients in the straw and improve the utilization rate of the straw and the utilization rate of the fertilizer; secondly, the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast are mixed and applied, so that the contact area between the decomposition agent and the straw can be increased, the loss caused in the application of the decomposition agent is reduced, and the synergistic effect is achieved; wormcast is a fertilizer with a natural granular and adsorptive structure, can improve the granular structure of soil, promotes the propagation of soil microorganisms, loosens and ventilates the soil, and is easy to drain water and cultivate; fourthly, the wormcast contains auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, indoleic acid and other plant hormones, promotes the growth of plants, and regulates the metabolism of the plants; the beneficial microorganisms can also generate antibiotics with strong antagonistic activity and wide antibacterial spectrum, so that the growth of pathogenic bacteria is limited, and soil-borne diseases of plants are inhibited; and fifthly, the organic fertilizer can provide various nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the slow release of nitrogen can also provide nutrients for crops for a long time, thereby being beneficial to the yield increase of the crops.
According to the fertilizing method, the straw, the wormcast and the organic fertilizer are mutually cooperated to realize synergism, so that the crop yield, the fertilizer utilization rate and the soil nutrient are remarkably improved, the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increased, and by using the fertilizing method provided by the invention, the soil can be improved, the yield of wheat and corn under a rotation system of winter wheat and summer corn can be improved, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the agricultural waste pollution can be reduced, and the agricultural ecological environment can be protected.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws in the field, returning the whole corn straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast, uniformly mixing, and uniformly spreading on the surfaces of the corn straws;
(2) then spreading organic fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(3) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and applying the mixture below wheat seeds when wheat is planted;
(4) in the wheat jointing stage, dressing nitrogen fertilizer;
(5) crushing the harvested wheat straws in the field, returning the crushed wheat straws to the field in full, adding water into the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(6) the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are mixed and applied to the lower part of the corn seeds when the corn is planted.
The invention uniformly mixes the straw decomposition agent with water and wormcast and spreads the mixture on the surface of the whole amount of straws of the upper crops returned to the field, spreads the organic fertilizer on the surface of the ground before the lower crops are planted, and seeds are prepared and sown. In the present invention, the strawThe straw decomposition agent (powder) is used in an amount of 4.0-6.0 kg/mu, more preferably 4.5-5.5 kg/mu, and is diluted by adding water by 150-200 times and then mixed with wormcast for application. In the invention, the dosage of the wormcast is 30-50 kg/mu, the type and source of the wormcast are not specially limited, and the wormcast is preferably purchased from Hebei Runlong Biotech Limited. In the invention, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 45 wt.%; n, P in the organic fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percent of O is preferably more than or equal to 5 percent. The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 150-250 kg/mu, and more preferably 160-200 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer is not specially limited in type and source, and is preferably purchased from Shandong Tujia-Xiucai Biotech limited. In the invention, the rotary tillage depth is preferably 8-15 cm, and more preferably 9-14 cm. According to the invention, the whole amount of straws is returned to the field and the application mode of organic fertilizer is matched before planting crops, so that the soil structure can be improved, the soil is loosened and ventilated, the water drainage and cultivation are easy, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved. Various beneficial microorganisms and active enzymes contained in the straw decomposition agent can efficiently and quickly start the decomposition process; the decomposing bacteria contained in the straw decomposing agent can decompose and convert the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin which are not easy to decompose into inorganic nutrients which can be easily absorbed and utilized by plants, and can promote soil oxidation and absorption. The wormcast contains various plants which can absorb the utilized nutrients, so that the growth of crops can be promoted, and the yield of the crops can be improved; the natural granules and the adsorbability of the wormcast can prevent soil hardening, improve the air permeability, the water drainage and the water retention of the soil and facilitate the absorption of nutrients by plants; the wormcast contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms and amino acids, can generate antibiotics with strong antagonistic activity and wide antibacterial spectrum, and can limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria so as to inhibit soil-borne diseases of plants. Because the straw decomposition agent is powder and is mixed with the wormcast for application, the straw decomposition agent is easier to apply into soil, is better combined with the straw, and improves the use efficiency.
The invention mixes the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and applies the mixture to wheat seeds when planting wheatRight below. In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, more preferably urea. The phosphate fertilizer preferably comprises calcium superphosphate and/or triple superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer preferably comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride. In the invention, the using amount of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 7.0-9.0 kg/mu; p in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The using amount of the fertilizer is preferably 6.0-9.0 kg/mu; k in the potash fertilizer2The preferable dosage of O is 4.0-6.0 kg/mu. The mode of application is preferably mechanical fertilization. The invention has no special limitation on the sources of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer which are conventional sources in the field can be adopted. Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied below the wheat seeds, more preferably right below the wheat seeds, so that the influence on the activity of the decomposition agent caused by the direct contact of high-concentration inorganic fertilizer and beneficial bacteria in the straw decomposition agent can be avoided.
In the wheat jointing stage, nitrogen fertilizer is applied; the using amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is the same as the using amount of the N element of the nitrogen fertilizer in the step (3) in terms of the content of the N element. In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. The preferable dosage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 7.0-9.0 kg/mu. The nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the photosynthesis of the wheat and strengthen the differentiation strength of florets, thereby increasing the number of seed-setting grains, promoting the tillering of the wheat and increasing the number of spikes, and further improving the yield of the wheat.
The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are mixed and applied under seeds during corn planting. In the invention, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is preferably slow-release urea, the source of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the slow-release urea from the conventional source in the field can be adopted or produced by self. The phosphate fertilizer preferably comprises calcium superphosphate and/or triple superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer preferably comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride. The using amount of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 18.0-22.0 kg/mu, and more preferably 20.0 kg/mu; p in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The using amount of the fertilizer is preferably 6.0-9.0 kg/mu, and more preferably 8.0 kg/mu; k in the potash fertilizer2The amount of O used is preferably 8.0 to 11.0 kg/mu, more preferably 8.0 to 11.0 kg/muIs 10.0 kg/mu. The mode of application is preferably mechanical stripe application. The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are mixed and applied under the seeds during corn planting, so that the direct contact between the inorganic fertilizer and the seeds can be avoided, the damage of the inorganic fertilizer to the seeds is reduced, the corn yield is increased, and meanwhile, compared with fertilizer spreading, the fertilizer using amount can be reduced, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat-corn comprises the following steps:
(1) before the wheat is planted and cultivated, crushing the previous corn straws in the field, returning the whole amount to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent of 5.0 kg/mu for diluting by 200 times, mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast of 40 kg/mu uniformly, and spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws uniformly;
(2) uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the ground surface according to the using amount of 200 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(3) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 8.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.00 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(4) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 8.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(5) after wheat is harvested and before corn is planted, crushing the wheat straws of the previous crop in the field, returning the whole amount of the crushed wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent for diluting by 180 times, mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast uniformly, and spreading the mixture on the surface of the returned straws, wherein the wormcast is 40 kg/mu; then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(6) uniformly mixing the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds in a row, and sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time; the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage content of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 43.5 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 20.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 16.7 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 10.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Example 2
A fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat-corn comprises the following steps:
(1) before the wheat is planted and cultivated, crushing the previous corn straws in the field, returning the whole amount to the field, adding water into 4.0 kg/mu of straw decomposition agent for diluting by 200 times, mixing with 30 kg/mu of wormcast uniformly, and spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws uniformly;
(2) uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the ground surface according to the using amount of 180 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(3) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 15.2 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 7.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage of the active ingredients is 45 percent, the dosage is 13.3 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 6.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(4) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 15.2 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 7.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(5) after wheat is harvested and before corn is planted, crushing the wheat straws of the previous crop in the field, returning the whole amount of the crushed wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent for diluting by 180 times, mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast uniformly, and spreading the mixture on the surface of the returned straws, wherein the wormcast is 30 kg/mu; then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(6) uniformly mixing a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds in a row, sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage content of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the using amount of N is 39.1 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 18.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage of the active ingredients is 45 percent, the dosage is 13.3 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 6.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 13.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 8.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Comparative example 1
A wheat-corn rotation fertilization method is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that straws are not returned to the field, straw decomposition agents and wormcast are not used, organic fertilizers are not applied, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(2) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 8.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.00 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(3) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 8.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(4) after harvesting wheat and before planting corn, carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(5) uniformly mixing a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds, sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the using amount of N is 43.5 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 20.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 16.7 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 10.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Comparative example 2
A fertilization method for wheat-corn crop rotation is different from that in example 1 in that no organic fertilizer is applied, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) before the wheat is planted and cultivated, crushing the previous corn straws in the field, returning the whole amount to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent of 5.0 kg/mu for diluting by 200 times, mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast of 40 kg/mu uniformly, and spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws uniformly;
(2) carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(3) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 8.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.00 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(4) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 8.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(5) after wheat is harvested and before corn is planted, crushing the wheat straws of the previous crop in the field, returning the whole amount of the crushed wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent for diluting by 180 times, mixing the straw decomposition agent with wormcast uniformly, and spreading the mixture on the surface of the returned straws, wherein the wormcast is 40 kg/mu; then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(6) uniformly mixing a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds, sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the using amount of N is 43.5 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 20.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 16.7 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 10.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Comparative example 3
A wheat-corn rotation fertilization method is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that straw is not returned to the field, and straw decomposition agent and wormcast are not used, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the ground surface according to the using amount of 200 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(2) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 8.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.00 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(3) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 8.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(4) after harvesting wheat and before planting corn, carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(5) uniformly mixing a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds, sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the using amount of N is 43.5 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 20.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 16.7 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 10.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the fertilization method for wheat-corn rotation and the embodiment 1 is that wormcast is not used, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) before the wheat is planted and cultivated, crushing the previous corn straws in the field, returning the whole corn straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent of 5.0 kg/mu for diluting by 200 times, and uniformly spreading the straw decomposition agent on the surfaces of the straws;
(2) uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the ground surface according to the using amount of 200 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(3) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 8.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.00 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(4) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 8.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(5) after wheat is harvested and before corn is planted, crushing the wheat straws of the previous crop in the field, returning the whole amount of the crushed wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent of 5.0 kg/mu for diluting by 180 times, then spreading the diluted straw decomposition agent on the surface of the returned straws, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(6) uniformly mixing a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds, sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the using amount of N is 43.5 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 20.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 16.7 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 10.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Comparative example 5
A wheat-corn rotation fertilization method is different from the embodiment 1 in that straws are not returned to the field, and a straw decomposition agent and an organic fertilizer are not used, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly spreading 40 kg/mu of wormcast on the ground surface before planting and cultivating the wheat;
(2) carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm;
(3) in wheat season, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed and then applied under the seeds in a row, mechanical fertilization is carried out, and seed manure is sowed simultaneously; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the mass percentage of N in the nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the dosage is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N element is 8.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.00 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage content of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 8.3 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 5.0 kg/mu; the seeding rate of the wheat is 15.0 kg/mu;
(4) applying a nitrogen fertilizer (urea) after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, wherein the using amount of the urea is 17.4 kg/mu, and the input amount of N nutrients is 8.0 kg/mu consistent with that of the basic fertilizer;
(5) after the wheat is harvested and before the corn is planted, uniformly spreading wormcast on the ground surface, wherein the wormcast is 40 kg/mu; then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
(6) uniformly mixing a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, mechanically applying the mixture under seeds, sowing the seeds and the fertilizer at the same time, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea, the mass percentage of N in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 46%, the using amount of N is 43.5 kg/mu, and the input amount of N is 20.0 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The mass percentage content of the fertilizer is 45 percent, the dosage is 17.8 kg/mu, P2O5The input amount is 8.0 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and K in the potash fertilizer2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent, the dosage is 16.7 kg/mu, K2The input amount of O is 10.0 kg/mu; the top dressing is not needed during the whole growth period of the corn; the seeding rate of the corn is 4500 grains/mu.
Application example
Tests were conducted in the field using the fertilization methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-5, and the following tests were conducted:
the measurement of the wheat yield and the constituent factors thereof and the measurement of the apparent utilization rate of the fertilizer are carried out by the calculation method in the article of wheat yield, fertilizer utilization rate and soil nutrient balance under reduced fertilization (plant nutrition and fertilizer academy 2017,23(4): 864-873).
The determination of the corn yield and the constituent factors thereof, the determination of the apparent utilization rate of the fertilizer and the calculation method refer to the article 'influence of different farming measures on the corn yield and nutrient absorption in the yellow-cotton slope farmland' (northwest agro-academic newspaper, 2018,27(6): 796-plus 801).
The content of total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil is determined according to the determination standard of forest soil nitrogen < LY/T1228-2015 >; the contents of the total phosphorus and the available phosphorus in the soil are determined according to the determination standard of forest soil phosphorus LY/T1232-2015; the contents of the total potassium and the quick-acting potassium in the soil are determined according to the determination standard of forest soil potassium < LY/T1234-2015 >; the content of the organic matters in the soil is determined according to the soil organic matter determination standard NY/T1121.6-2006.
The change of the variety and the quantity of the soil microorganisms is determined by a method of combining high-throughput sequencing with plate counting, and the high-throughput sequencing is determined by Beijing Nuo cereal-derived bioinformation technology Co.
The results of the different fertilization modes on the yield and yield factors of winter wheat are shown in table 1, and the results of the different fertilization modes on the yield and yield factors of summer corn are shown in table 2. The results show that the yield per mu, the grain number per ear and the thousand seed weight of winter wheat and summer corn in the examples 1 and 2 of the invention are obviously improved compared with the comparative example; based on the comparative example 1 of applying the common inorganic fertilizer, the percentage increment of each example and each comparative example is calculated, and it can be seen that the sum of the increment of the yield per mu, the grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight of the comparative example 2 of applying the common inorganic fertilizer and the increment of applying the common inorganic fertilizer and the comparative example 3 of applying the common inorganic fertilizer and the increment of applying the organic fertilizer is still lower than that of the increment of the yield per mu, the grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight of the example 1, which shows that the organic fertilizer, the straw and the earthworm cast have the synergistic effect; similarly, the sum of the yield per mu, the grain number per ear and the increment of the thousand grain weight of the comparative example 4 of applying the straws, the decomposition agent and the organic fertilizer by overlapping the common inorganic fertilizer and the comparative example 5 of applying the wormcast by overlapping the common inorganic fertilizer is still lower than the increment of the yield per mu, the grain number per ear and the increment of the thousand grain weight of the example 1, which shows that the wormcast, the straws and the organic fertilizer have the synergistic effect.
TABLE 1 influence of different fertilization modes on winter wheat yield and yield-constituting factors
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilization modes on summer maize yield and yield-constituting factors
The results of the utilization rates of the fertilizers in the wheat season and the corn season for different fertilization modes are shown in table 3 and table 4, respectively. The results show that compared with the comparative example, the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is obviously improved in the wheat season and the corn season in the examples 1 and 2 of the invention; on the basis of the comparative example 1, the percentage increase of the fertilizer utilization rate of each example and each comparative example is calculated, and it can be seen that the sum of the increases of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium utilization rates of the comparative examples 2 and 3 is still lower than the increase of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium utilization rates of the example 1, which shows that the organic fertilizer, the straw and the wormcast have a synergistic effect; similarly, the sum of the increment of the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5 is still lower than the increment of the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the example 1, which shows that the wormcast, the straw and the organic fertilizer have a synergistic effect.
TABLE 3 Fertilizer utilization in wheat season for different fertilization modes
TABLE 4 Fertilizer utilization in corn season for different fertilization modes
The results of the different fertilization modes on the soil nutrient content in the wheat season are shown in table 5, and the results of the different fertilization modes on the soil nutrient content in the corn season are shown in table 6. The results show that compared with the comparative example, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters in the soil in wheat seasons and corn seasons are obviously improved in the examples 1 and 2 of the invention; meanwhile, based on the comparative example 1, the sum of the contents of all nutrients in the soil in the comparative examples 2 and 3 is still lower than the increase of the contents of all nutrients in the soil in the example 1, which shows that the organic fertilizer, the straw and the wormcast have a synergistic effect; similarly, the sum of the content increment of each nutrient in the soil in the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5 is still lower than the content increment of each nutrient in the soil in the example 1, which shows that the wormcast, the straw and the organic fertilizer have the synergistic effect.
TABLE 5 influence of different fertilization modes on the soil nutrient content in wheat season
TABLE 6 influence of different fertilization modes on the nutrient content of the soil in corn season
The results of different fertilization methods on soil microorganisms in wheat season are shown in table 7, and the results of different fertilization methods on soil microorganisms in corn season are shown in table 8. The results show that compared with the comparative example, the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil in wheat season and corn season is obviously improved in the examples 1 and 2 of the invention; on the basis of the comparative example 1, the microbial increment of each example and each comparative example is calculated, and it can be seen that the sum of the beneficial microbial content increment of the soil of the comparative examples 2 and 3 is still lower than the beneficial microbial content increment of the soil of the example 1, which indicates that the organic fertilizer, the straw and the wormcast have a synergistic effect; similarly, the sum of the content increment of the beneficial microorganisms in the soil in the comparative examples 4 and 5 is still lower than that of the beneficial microorganisms in the soil in the example 1, which shows that the wormcast, the straws and the organic fertilizer have a synergistic effect.
TABLE 7 microbial impact of different fertilization regimes on wheat season soil
TABLE 8 microbial impact of different fertilization regimes on soil in corn season
In conclusion, the treatment results of winter wheat and summer corn through different fertilization modes show that the straw, the wormcast and the organic fertilizer are mutually synergistic, so that the crop yield, the fertilizer utilization rate and the soil fertility are obviously improved, and the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increased.
The invention provides a fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn by using straws, which can improve the yield of wheat and corn under a rotation system of winter wheat and summer corn, improve the utilization rate of a fertilizer, improve the content of soil nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, and have certain quality-improving and yield-increasing effects on crops.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fertilization method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing the previous corn straws in the field, returning the whole amount of the crushed corn straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast, uniformly mixing the mixture and uniformly spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws;
(2) spreading organic fertilizer, and rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(3) mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and applying the mixture below wheat seeds when wheat is planted;
(4) in the wheat jointing stage, dressing nitrogen fertilizer;
(6) after wheat is harvested, crushing wheat straws in the field, returning the whole wheat straws to the field, adding water into the straw decomposition agent and the wormcast, uniformly spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(6) the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are mixed and applied below the corn seeds when the corn is planted.
2. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the wormcast is used in the steps (1) and (5) in an amount of 30-50 kg/mu.
3. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the straw decomposition agent in the steps (1) and (5) is powder, the dosage of the powder is 4.0-6.0 kg/mu, the water is added for diluting by 150-200 times, and the powder is uniformly mixed with the wormcast and then applied;
further preferably, the amount of the straw decomposition agent is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu.
4. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in step (2) has an organic matter content of 45 wt% or more, N, P2O5And K2The sum of the mass percent of O is more than or equal to 5 percent; the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 150-250 kg/mu;
further preferably, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 160-200 kg/mu.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in steps (3) and (4) comprises one or more of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer; the N dosage in the nitrogen fertilizer is 7.0-9.0 kg/mu;
further preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
6. The method for fertilizing as in claim 1, wherein in step (3) the phosphate fertilizer comprises superphosphate and/or triple superphosphate; p in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The using amount is 6.0-9.0 kg/mu;
preferably, the potash fertilizer in the step (3) comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride; k in the potash fertilizer2The dosage of O is 4.0-6.0 kg/mu.
7. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in step (6) is a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of N used in the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 18.0-22.0 kg/mu;
further preferably, the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release urea;
further preferably, the usage amount of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is 20.0 kg/mu.
8. The method for fertilizing as in claim 1, wherein in step (6) the phosphate fertilizer comprises superphosphate and/or triple superphosphate; p in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The using amount of the fertilizer is 6.0-9.0 kg/mu;
further preferably, P in the phosphate fertilizer2O5The usage amount of (A) is 8.0 kg/mu.
9. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein in step (6) the potash fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride; k in the potash fertilizer2The using amount of O is 8.0-11.0 kg/mu;
further preferably, K in the potash fertilizer2The dosage of O is 10.0 kg/mu.
10. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the depth of rotary tillage and soil preparation in the steps (2) and (5) is 8-15 cm;
preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage and land preparation is 9-14 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111187104.4A CN113748814A (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111187104.4A CN113748814A (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113748814A true CN113748814A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
Family
ID=78799256
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111187104.4A Pending CN113748814A (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113748814A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104584814A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-05-06 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Balanced fertilization method under condition of wheat/corn one-year-two-harvest cultivation total straw returning |
| CN105272765A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-27 | 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 | Special corn field fertilizer prepared from wormcast |
| CN105723905A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning |
| CN108101685A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 湖北亿隆生物科技有限公司 | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108901750A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-30 | 沧州市农林科学院 | A kind of novel cultivation matrix |
| CN110981626A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-10 | 绵阳市隆豪农业有限公司 | Straw compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111492775A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-07 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for rotation system of winter wheat and summer corn |
-
2021
- 2021-10-12 CN CN202111187104.4A patent/CN113748814A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104584814A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-05-06 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Balanced fertilization method under condition of wheat/corn one-year-two-harvest cultivation total straw returning |
| CN105272765A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-27 | 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 | Special corn field fertilizer prepared from wormcast |
| CN105723905A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning |
| CN108101685A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 湖北亿隆生物科技有限公司 | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108901750A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-30 | 沧州市农林科学院 | A kind of novel cultivation matrix |
| CN110981626A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-10 | 绵阳市隆豪农业有限公司 | Straw compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111492775A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-07 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for rotation system of winter wheat and summer corn |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102612910B (en) | Method for fertilizing winter wheat by mixed basal application of nitrogen fertilizer and maize straw | |
| CN103265370A (en) | Saline-alkali soil fertilizer | |
| CN107047158B (en) | Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing rice planting method | |
| CN102701853A (en) | Rice fertilizer capable of improving resistance, quality and yield of rice | |
| CN102823355B (en) | Soil improvement method | |
| CN104371735B (en) | A kind of microbe soil conditioner and its application | |
| CN110089369A (en) | A kind of Wheat Maize Rotation straw-returning balanced fertilizing method | |
| CN111328655B (en) | Wheat-spinach-corn-green manure intercropping planting and cultivating method | |
| CN105330420A (en) | Biological function organic-inorganic compound fertilizer containing amino acid, humic acid and nicotine and preparation method of biological function organic-inorganic compound fertilizer | |
| CN110143836A (en) | Using phosphoric acid as regulating acid agent and the rice seedling-growth soil regulator of phosphorus source and its preparation method and application | |
| CN111285742A (en) | Special biofertilizer for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108782075A (en) | A kind of wheat, Corn Rotation System period Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy green fertilizing method | |
| CN107641008A (en) | A kind of synergistic urea and preparation method and application of polyglutamic acid containing γ, biochemical fulvic acid potassium | |
| CN107382496A (en) | A kind of artificial soil for strengthening crop anti-adversity and the method for strengthening crop anti-adversity | |
| CN105801294A (en) | Soil activator as well as preparation method thereof and application | |
| CN114051785A (en) | Method for decomposing and returning all straws to field by using decomposing agent | |
| CN110100519B (en) | Fertilizing method for improving soil property and increasing vitamin C and protein content of capsicum | |
| CN107324872A (en) | Guava special fertilizer, its preparation method and the fertilizing method of guava | |
| CN105036903A (en) | Biocarbon sustain-released paddy rice dedicated basic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104725141A (en) | Humic acid fertilizer synergist with ammonia volatilization inhibition effect and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109134075A (en) | Enhance the extraordinary bion fertilizer of crop immunity | |
| CN113292384A (en) | Organic special fertilizer for soil improvement | |
| CN110015936B (en) | Functional organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111492775A (en) | Fertilizing method for rotation system of winter wheat and summer corn | |
| CN108424282A (en) | Greenhouse crops functional living being complex fertilizer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20211207 |