CN108901750A - A kind of novel cultivation matrix - Google Patents
A kind of novel cultivation matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901750A CN108901750A CN201810756936.5A CN201810756936A CN108901750A CN 108901750 A CN108901750 A CN 108901750A CN 201810756936 A CN201810756936 A CN 201810756936A CN 108901750 A CN108901750 A CN 108901750A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
This application involves a kind of cultivation matrixes comprising the frass and organic matter generated by insect.The especially described organic matter includes decomposed agricultural crop straw and/or coco bran；It is preferred that the agricultural crop straw includes corn stover and/or wheat stalk.In the cultivation matrix of the application, frass and decomposed agricultural crop straw can generate synergistic effect to the growth of crop, to solve, the nutrient lasting period generated in the prior art using agricultural crop straw is short, and transplanting seedling time is long, plant root system development is poor, the not high technical problem of yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel cultivation matrixes.
Background technique
In modern agricultural production, cultivation technique without soil is had been more and more widely used, and soilless cultivation can effectively be cut
The route of transmission of disconnected pathogeny, worm sources avoids continuous cropping obstacle, and water-saving saves fertilizer, the advantages that limitation by environment, place.Nothing simultaneously
The agricultural product of soil cultivation production more meet the standard of green food.
Cultivation technique without soil is originating from America and Europe, with agrotechnical development and China's soil salinization, continuous cropping obstacle, soil
The problems such as ground resource is nervous becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the cultivation technique without soil in China starts to rise, and difference is to matrix species
In selection, American-European countries mainly utilizes the inorganic cultivation matrix cooperation nutrition liquid irrigation technology such as rock wool, gravel, and according to state of China
Feelings, which are primarily focused on, develops organic ecological soilless culture substrate by raw material of agricultural wastes.
Soilless culture substrate is to provide the water for stablizing coordination, fertilizer, gas for plant growth and have fixed, supporting role
Somatomedin.Materials are convenient, cheap, do not pollute to mainly following in the selection of soilless culture substrate type by China researcher
The principle that environment, suitable for plant are grown.It at the beginning of development, is limited by raw material development technique, turf is first by as no soil
The main raw material(s) of cultivation matrix, but turf belongs to non-renewable resources, recovery process pollutes environment, and the place of production is limited, transport at
This high disadvantage, so the one straight grip research emphasis of researcher in this field is placed in the exploitation of new material.Agricultural crop straw is agriculture
Product after crop harvest.By taking corn stover as an example：China's maize sown area is extensive, and corn stover yield is huge, according to agricultural
Portion's related data shows that China's corn stover annual output accounts for 30% or more of all crop material total outputs at 200,000,000 tons or more.
Currently, the processing for corn stover is broadly divided into following methods：1 straw-returning is as organic fertilizer；2 conducts
Animal feeding-stuff；3 other purposes.Although corn stover is widely used, practical efficiency deficiency half.Remaining is unused
Most is burned corn stover by field, and a part is arbitrarily abandoned, and causes huge pressure to environment.
There is also problems for straw utilization in actual application.If straw-returning is that current corn stover recycles
Maximum consumption approach, during returning to the field year after year, some problems gradually show, uncoordinated such as farmland C/N；Returning to the field stalk
Fermentation process has an impact the growth of succession crop.Corn stover is used as feed aspect by the limit of cultivation scale and standard
System, at present supply are also superfluous situation.
Although containing in agricultural crop straw largely for the organic matter of plant growth and microelement, and it is convenient to draw materials,
It is cheap, it is rare cultivation matrix raw material, and in practice also as the source of cultivation matrix, but agriculture
Crop material remains some problems in matrixing use aspects to be needed to solve, such as at present develops corn stover for cultivation matrix
Main method be stalk and traditional organic fertilizer such as chicken manure, barnyard manure (cattle and sheep excrement etc.) are subjected to mixture, then add a part of auxiliary material into
Row crop cultivation, although can be promoted in production, there is also serious problems, big mainly due to such matrix
All there is the problems such as nutrient lasting period is short, and transplanting seedling time is long, insufficient to plant root system development concern, yield is not high.In addition, former material
Material itself such as chicken manure, cattle and sheep excrement etc. can remain the substances such as a large amount of antibiotic, salt ion in process of production, in meeting to crop
Yield and quality causes to seriously affect.And these organic fertilizers also need to undergo stringent fermentation maturity process using preceding, once
Decomposed be not thorough will cause fatal harm to crop produced.
In view of the above circumstances, to develop the resource utilization of agricultural crop straw, then needing to develop one kind can overcome
The novel cultivation matrix of drawbacks described above.
Summary of the invention
One of the application provides a kind of cultivation matrix comprising frass, organic matter and the moisture retaining groundmass generated by insect.
In a specific embodiment, the organic matter includes decomposed agricultural crop straw and/or coco bran.
In a specific embodiment, the agricultural crop straw includes corn stover and/or wheat stalk.
In a specific embodiment, in terms of volumn concentration, amount of the frass in the cultivation matrix is
2%-30%, the organic matter is (for example, agricultural crop straw；Such as corn stover and/or wheat stalk) in the cultivation matrix
In amount be 65%-85%.
In a specific embodiment, amount of the preferably described frass in the cultivation matrix is 10%-15%, described
Organic matter is (for example, agricultural crop straw；Such as corn stover and/or wheat stalk) amount in the cultivation matrix is 70%-
80%.
In a specific embodiment, the insect includes at least one of Scarabaeoidea (Scarabaeoidea)
Insect.
In a specific embodiment, the insect of the preferably described Scarabaeoidea (Scarabaeoidea) is selected from brevitarsis
Section (Cetoniidae), rhinoceros Scarabaeidae (Dynastidae), Passalidae (Passalidae), quasi- Lucanidae
(Sinodendridae), Lucanidae (Lucanidae), dorbeetle section (Geotrupidae), Trogidae (Trogidae), Fu
Scarabaeidae (Aphodiidae), spot Scarabaeidae (Trichiidae), fat Scarabaeidae (Valgidae), Scarabaeidae
At least one of (Scarabaeidae) insect.
In a specific embodiment, the insect of the preferably described Scarabaeoidea (Scarabaeoidea) is selected from white star flower
Cockchafer (Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis), Allomyrina dichotoma (Allomyrina dichtoma), dung beetle
At least one of (Catharsius molossus).
In a specific embodiment, the frass is the larva of the insect and/or the frass that adult generates；It is preferred that
The frass is the frass that the larva of the insect generates.
In a specific embodiment, the moisture retaining groundmass is vermiculite.
In a specific embodiment, in terms of volumn concentration, amount of the vermiculite in the cultivation matrix is
5%-20%.
In a specific embodiment, agricultural crop straw can be decomposed by most simple most conventional decomposed mode,
It can be on the basis of simplest decomposed mode, added with decomposed additive is conducive to, such as to decomposed beneficial micro- life
The modes such as object are come decomposed.Wherein, most simple most conventional decomposed mode can be as follows：1) extremely to dry crops stalk crushing
Partial size 4 obtains the first crops crushed material to 5cm；
2) it adjusts in 25 to 35 range of carbon-nitrogen ratio in the first crops crushed material, obtains the crushing of the second crops
Object；
3) crushing species to add water to water content to second crops is 55wt% to 60wt%, banks up fermentation, keeps
Water content carries out turning when temperature is higher than 50 DEG C in the range of 55wt% to 60wt%, and temperature is constant to be terminated to room temperature；?
To third crops crushed material,
4) third crops crushed material is subjected to separating twice, and crosses the aperture 1cm sieve, obtain decomposed crops straw
Stalk.
Alternatively, above-mentioned steps 4) could alternatively be following steps 5)：Third crops crushed material is subjected to separating twice, and
The aperture 1cm sieve is crossed, sample one is obtained；Third crops crushed material not by the aperture 1cm sieve is crossed into the aperture 1.5cm
Sieve obtains sample two；It according to volume ratio is 4 by sample one and sample two：1 ratio is mixed to get decomposed crops straw
Stalk.
In a specific embodiment, the water content of the agricultural crop straw of the drying in step 1) is less than or equal to
20wt%, i.e., the water content of the agricultural crop straw of the drying is in 20wt% or less.
The two of the application provide the cultivation matrix according to any one in one of the application in arviculture
Application.
In a specific embodiment, the crops are selected from least one of vegetables and/or fruit.
In a specific embodiment, the preferably described vegetables and/or fruit be selected from Cruciferae (Brassicaceae),
Solanaceae (Solanaceae), Umbelliferae (Umbelliferae), Curcurbitaceae (cucurbitaceae), Liliaceae
(Liliaceae), pulse family (Leguminosae), composite family (Compositae), Malvaceae (Malvaceae), Li Ke
(Chenopodiaceae), Zingiber (Zingiberaceae), Araeceae (Araceae), grass family (Gramineae) and rose
At least one of common vetch section (Rosaceae).
In a specific embodiment, the crops are selected from Solanaceae (Solanaceae), Curcurbitaceae
(Cueurbitaceae), at least one of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) and rosaceae (Rosaceae).
In a specific embodiment, the crops are selected from tomato genus (Lycopersicon esculentum), west
At least one of melon category (Citrullus), Rhaphanus (Raphanus) and Fragaria (Fragaria).
In a specific embodiment, the crops are selected from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), radish (Raphanus sativus L) and strawberry (Fragaria
At least one of ananassa Duch).
The beneficial effect of the application：
1. China has the area being largely not suitable for using soil cultivation, regional, the saline and alkaline beach, secondary of pollution has such as been received
Raw salinization land etc., carrying out cultivation using cultivation matrix is extraordinary solution, therefore, the market demand of cultivation matrix
It measures huge.
2. a large amount of corn stover cannot be utilized rationally at present, field is burned or is abandoned and causes greatly to pollute to environment,
Environmental pressure is increasing, by the application by agricultural crop straw it is decomposed after be used in cultivation matrix be that environment is effectively relieved in one kind
The mode of pressure.
3. frass and decomposed agricultural crop straw can generate collaboration to the growth of crop in the cultivation matrix of the application
Effect, to solve, the nutrient lasting period generated in the prior art using agricultural crop straw is short, and transplanting seedling time is long, root system of plant
Develop poor, the not high technical problem of yield.
4. current cultivation matrix is mainly using turf as main raw material(s), and turf belongs to non-renewable resources, Er Qieqi
Be unevenly distributed, domestic supply amount is with increasingly insufficient, and with exploiting year by year, price is constantly soaring, and yield and quality all constantly under
Drop.And very big destruction and pollution can be caused to environment in the recovery process of turf.And agricultural straw resource is at me
State's most area can obtain easily, and cheap；Frass is also completely absent turf problem encountered simultaneously, can
It is environmentally friendly to accomplish scale production, it not will cause environmental pollution.Therefore, frass and agricultural crop straw combination are used for
It is the rare material instead of turf in the cultivation of gourd, fruit and vegetable, is particularly suitable for replacing turf, and then can greatly alleviate
Resource and environment pressure.
5. in addition, the insect of Scarabaeoidea (Scarabaeoidea), such as protaetia brevitarsis feeding corn stover, it solves
The pollution and recycling problem of stalk.Polypide can produce very high economic benefit, frass conduct as high value-added product
By-product, relative low price, environmentally friendly material.
6. frass of insect itself has good physical and chemical character, not only it is fully able to meet generally wanting for nursery
It asks, but also achieves unexpected technical effect.For example, the seedling medium due to the application substantially increases seedlings root
Activity, and then substantially increase transplanting seedling after survival rate.
7. it is convenient that the frass of insect is drawn materials, can be supplied with mass production, it is cheap；And it does not need at decomposed or fermentation
The process of reason, i.e., without decomposed frass not will cause as without decomposed chicken manure, without decomposed cow dung burn seedlings or
Person inhibits the phenomenon that growth of seedling, and burn seedlings will not be especially generated under high-content or inhibits growth of seedling phenomenon, is shortened
Treatment process, time and labour saving.
8. the frass particle of insect is fine and close, hard, physical property is stablized, and material is natural, not will cause environmental pressure.
Specific embodiment
Above content of the invention is described in further detail again below by way of the form of preferred embodiment, but not
It is construed as limiting the invention.
Test material：Coco bran, wormcast, vermiculite etc. are purchased from domestic regular producer.The frass addressed in following embodiment
For the frass of protaetia brevitarsis (Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis) larva.Trial crops：Tomato, watermelon, radish and
Strawberry.
The preparation of decomposed corn stover：Corn stover is collected, air-drying to water content is 20wt%, and being crushed to partial size is 4-
5cm；Full nitrogen, full carbon content are measured using conventional means, adds urea to adjust within the scope of carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-35, adds water to water content
For 55wt%-60wt%, bank up fermentation, keep water content in the range of 55wt% to 60wt%, when temperature is higher than 50 DEG C into
Row turning, temperature is constant to be terminated to room temperature.Corn stover after fermentation is subjected to separating twice and crosses the aperture 1cm sieve, obtains corn
Straw sample one, then remaining stalk is crossed into the aperture 1.5cm sieve, obtain corn stover sample two.By one He of corn stover sample
Corn stover sample two is 4 according to volume ratio：1 ratio is mixed to get final decomposed corn stover.In following embodiment
The decomposed corn stover is all prepared by this method, and referred to as corn stover.
Decomposed wheat stalk preparation：Preparation process of the method with decomposed corn stover.It is decomposed described in lower embodiment
Wheat stalk be prepared by this method, and referred to as wheat stalk.
Embodiment 1
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 2%, and the volume content of corn stover is 85%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 13%.
Embodiment 2
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 5%, and the volume content of corn stover is 85%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Embodiment 3
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 10%, and the volume content of corn stover is 70%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 20%.
Embodiment 4
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 15%, and the volume content of corn stover is 75%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Embodiment 5
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 15%, and the volume content of corn stover is 80%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 5%.
Embodiment 6
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, wheat stalk, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 10%, and the volume content of wheat stalk is 70%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 20%.
Embodiment 7
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, coco bran, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, the place of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min
Reason.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 15%, and the volume content of coco bran is 80%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 5%.
Embodiment 8
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 25%, and the volume content of corn stover is 70%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 5%.
Embodiment 9
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 30%, and the volume content of corn stover is 65%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 5%.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of Chicken dung：Chicken manure adds water to water content 55wt% or so, piles the length of 1.5-2 meters high 1.5-3 meters of width
Pile, spontaneous fermentation, until temperature rises to 50 DEG C of turnings, turning in two days is primary, and temperature is constant to be finished to normal temperature fermentation, spare.
Chicken dung, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, the processing of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.Wherein,
The volume content of Chicken dung is 15%, and the volume content of corn stover is 75%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Comparative example 2
The preparation of Chicken dung is the same as comparative example 1.
Chicken dung, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, the processing of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.Wherein,
The volume content of Chicken dung is 15%, and the volume content of corn stover is 75%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Comparative example 3
The preparation of decomposed cow dung：Cow dung adds water to water content 55wt% or so, piles the length of 1.5-2 meters high 1.5-3 meters of width
Pile, spontaneous fermentation, until temperature rises to 50 DEG C of turnings, turning in two days is primary, and temperature is constant to be finished to normal temperature fermentation, spare.
Decomposed cow dung, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, the processing of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.Wherein,
The volume content of decomposed cow dung is 15%, and the volume content of corn stover is 75%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Comparative example 4
The preparation of decomposed cow dung is the same as comparative example 3
Decomposed cow dung, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, the processing of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.Wherein,
The volume content of decomposed cow dung is 30%, and the volume content of corn stover is 60%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Comparative example 5
The nutrient content for the wormcast bought：Organic matter 32.4%, nitrogen 2.15%, phosphorus 1.76%, potassium 0.27%.
Wormcast, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, the processing of 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.Wherein, earthworm
The volume content of earthworm excrement is 15%, and the volume content of corn stover is 75%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 10%.
Comparative example 6
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 20%, and the volume content of corn stover is 60%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 20%.
Comparative example 7
Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass, corn stover, vermiculite, which are uniformly mixed, is made into composition, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min's
Processing.Wherein, the volume content of frass is 5%, and the volume content of corn stover is 90%, and the volume content of vermiculite is 5%.
Comparative example 8
Soil cultivation mode：4 cubic metres of Chicken dung are applied according to conventional fertilizer application mode mu, ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15)
50 kilograms, mixing is ploughed deeply, it is spare to do furrow.
Embodiment 10
Tomato
" Jinpeng's No.1 " kind is selected, each processing is colonized 30 plants.3 repetitions of each processing.
Cultivation management
1. tomato planting stock standard：It selects to be suitable for seedling age, 5-6 piece true leaf, the tomato of stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, neat and consistent
Plug seedling.
2. cultivating bed prepares：By the sample of above-described embodiment 1-9 and comparative example 1-8 preparation be respectively charged into cultivation bed (it is long ×
Wide × a height of 5m × 1.2m × 0.5m), wherein comparative example 5 is made into the high ridge of wide 1.2m.
3. field planting：Tomato seedling is colonized on cultivating bed, every two row of furrow, seeding row spacing is 0.3m × 0.8m.
4. water and fertilizer management：Water-fertilizer integral management is carried out using drip irrigation system, is only poured with clear water before bearing fruit, and every 15 days
Left and right is poured primary.The phase bear fruit with water top dressing, imposes ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 5kg/ mu/time, the phase of bearing fruit is with water top dressing 3
It is secondary, meet fruit growth needs.
5. Plant adjustment：Using single-trunk, hanging tendril training type stays 4 fringe fruits to pluck the top heart.First fringe to the 4th fringe stays respectively
Fruit number is 2,3,3,3, and dipping in flower with 2,4-D prevents shedding.
6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The pests such as growth period attention control aphid, small brown rice planthopper；Attention control grey mold, epidemic disease, dehiscent fruit
The diseases such as blossom-end rot.It is endangered, and guaranteed all including control treatment using corresponding pesticide disease and pest control when necessary
Processing is consistent.
7. harvesting：It is harvested to the complete annesl of fruit, surveys the measurement of the indexs of correlation such as production.
Correlated traits measuring method
Transplanting survival rate：Statistics rice shoot survival rate after transplant planting 10 days, survival rate=survival seedling number/total seedling number ×
100%.
Plant height：Ruler measures the distance at every plant of tomato basal part of stem to the 4th Honoka sequence anthocaulus.Ask 30 plants of each repetition
Then average value seeks duplicate average value three times again.
Stem thickness：Rugosity of the every plant of tomato of vernier caliper measurement away from the place basal part of stem 30cm.Ask being averaged for 30 plants of each repetition
Value, then seeks duplicate average value three times again.
Weight of root system：After the completion of fruit harvesting, stalk is cut on patch matrix surface layer, centered on tomato basal part of stem, is completely taken
Lower length × width × height is 15cm × 15cm × 20cm volume matrix, and flowing water carefully rinses out the matrix granule around root system, is inhaled
Water paper dries root system adhesive water, and 105 DEG C of water-removing 3min, 75 DEG C drying to constant weight, using the electronics day of accuracy a ten thousandth
Flat measurement.The average value of 30 plants of each repetition is sought, then seeks duplicate average value three times again.
Single plant yield：Reach the fruit Several harvests of harvesting standard for every plant, record weight respectively, finally calculates total yield
Amount.The average value of 30 plants of each repetition is sought, then seeks duplicate average value three times again.
Vc content：Vc content uses 2,6- dichloroindophenol titration (Chen Junhui, Li Jun；Biochemistry Experiment [M]；Beijing：
Science Press, 2014) it measures, each most representative 3 plants of repetition random selection, after the whole maturations of the fruit of same fringe,
Broken mixing, carries out Vc assay, and Vc content value of the numerical value as this fringe fruit measures the Vc content of the fruit of four fringes respectively
Value.Then the Vc content value to the Vc content value averaged of the fruit of four fringes, as this plant of tomato.It again will be each duplicate
3 strain number values are averaged, and carry out average be used as under this treatment conditions as this duplicate average value, then by 3 repetition numerical value
Tomato Vc content value.
Soluble sugar content：Using anthrone colorimetry (Zhou Zufu, Li Zhaoan；Plant physiology experiment guidance；Beijing：In
Agricultural publishing house of state, 2005) measurement.Sampling method is measured with Vc.
The data that test obtains are arranged using 2003 editions softwares of Excel, next with SPSS16.0 editions softwares into
Row statisticallys analyze, using the significance of difference between LSD method inspection processing after one-way analysis of variance, with P<0.05 is used as conspicuousness
Level of difference.
It the results are shown in Table 1 and table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
| Embodiment | Vc(mg·100g-1) | Soluble sugar (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 40.6c | 1.74b |
| Embodiment 2 | 44.6b | 1.84ab |
| Embodiment 3 | 49.6a | 1.99a |
| Embodiment 4 | 52.3a | 2.01a |
| Embodiment 5 | 51.2a | 1.92a |
| Embodiment 6 | 49.3a | 1.91a |
| Embodiment 7 | 44.5b | 1.90a |
| Embodiment 8 | 36.5d | 1.51c |
| Embodiment 9 | 36.9d | 1.52c |
| Comparative example 1 | 34.2de | 1.49c |
| Comparative example 2 | 33.6e | 1.46c |
| Comparative example 3 | 32.5ef | 1.42c |
| Comparative example 4 | 33.8e | 1.48c |
| Comparative example 5 | 34.3de | 1.47c |
| Comparative example 6 | 30.8f | 1.33d |
| Comparative example 7 | 30.9f | 1.32d |
| Comparative example 8 | 30.6f | 1.31d |
Embodiment 11
Watermelon
" western agriculture eight " kind is selected, each processing is colonized 24 plants.3 repetitions of each processing.
1 watermelon planting stock standard：Select suitable seedling age, two leaves wholeheartedly, the watermelon cave of stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, neat and consistent
Disk seedling.
2 cultivating beds prepare：Composition described in above-described embodiment 1-9 and comparative example 1-8 is packed into cultivation bed (length × width × height
For 5m × 0.8m × 0.5m), comparative example 5 is made into the high ridge of wide 0.8m.
3 field planting：Watermelon seedling is colonized on cultivating bed, every furrow a line, spacing in the rows 0.4m, cultivating bed carries out mulch after field planting
Covering, seedling two sides carry out two-membrane process, and two film junctions are stepped up with clip, preserve soil moisture.
4 water and fertilizer managements：To before the phase of bearing fruit of blooming after slow seedling, without fertilizer supply, ten days or so after slow seedling, pour for the first time
Water.First time fertilizer supply is carried out into the climing phase is stretched, i.e., imposes water-soluble ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 10kg/667m with water2,
A clear water was poured every 10 days later.After sitting melon, when long to 15 centimeters of diameter or so secondary fertilizer supplies of progress of melon, i.e., chased after with water
Apply water-soluble ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 15kg/667m2.Fruit poured a clear water every 10 days before coming to the ripening period, into
Enter (i.e. fruit does not continue to expand) after the maturity period, no longer progress rich water supply.
5 trainings：A main stem, a lateral bine are stayed in double climing trainings.When melon is climing grows to 35cm, start draws climing restocking, selection
The 2nd to 3 female flowers of main stem sit melon, do not sit such as, and the 2nd female flower of lateral bine is selected to sit melon.
6 melon and fruit management：Hanging tendril watermelon needs artificial supplementary pollination to improve fruit-setting rate, reduces lopsided melon.When pollinating best
Between in the fine day morning 8：00 to 10：It 00 o'clock was applied on the column cap of female flower with the pollen of male flower and carries out artificial supplementary pollination.
7 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Notice that Common Diseases have the prevention and treatment of downy mildew, epidemic disease, powdery mildew etc..When necessary using corresponding
Pesticide disease and pest control is caused harm, and guarantees that all processing including control treatment are consistent.
8 harvest in due course：Fallen into when the melon navel of watermelon is slightly concave, muskmelon pedicel slightly shrinks, handle fine hair starts shedding off sparse, melon face light,
Indicate that watermelon is mature, should harvest in time at this time when clear-cut texture.
Correlated traits measuring method
Transplanting survival rate：Rice shoot survival rate is counted after transplant planting 10 days.
Weight of root system：After the completion of fruit harvesting, stalk is cut on patch matrix surface layer, centered on basal part of stem, completely removes length
The matrix of × wide × a height of 15cm × 15cm × 20cm volume, flowing water carefully rinse out the matrix granule around root system, blotting paper
Root system adhesive water is dried, 105 DEG C of water-removing 3min, 75 DEG C drying to constant weight, surveys using the electronic balance of accuracy a ten thousandth
Amount, every plant of measurement respective value seek the average value of 30 plants of each repetition, then seek duplicate average value three times again.
Single fruit weight：The fruit that every plant reaches harvesting standard is harvested meter to produce respectively, seeks the average value of 30 plants of each repetition, so
Seek duplicate average value three times again afterwards.
Vc content：Vc content uses 2,6- dichloroindophenol titration (Chen Junhui, Li Jun；Biochemistry Experiment [M]；Beijing：
Science Press, 2014) measurement.It is each to repeat to randomly choose 3 melons, Vc content is measured after mature.Three numerical value are carried out flat
It is used as this duplicate Vc content value, then the average Vc content value as this processing will be repeated three times.
Soluble sugar content：Using anthrone colorimetry (Zhou Zufu, Li Zhaoan；Plant physiology experiment guidance；Beijing：In
Agricultural publishing house of state, 2005) measurement.It is each to repeat random selection most 3 melons, soluble sugar content is measured after mature.By three
A numerical value be averaged as this duplicate soluble sugar content value, then will repeat three times average as the solvable of this processing
Property sugared content value.
The data that test obtains are arranged using 2003 editions softwares of Excel, next utilize SPSS16.0 editions softwares
It is for statistical analysis, using the significance of difference between LSD method inspection processing after one-way analysis of variance, with P<0.05 as significant
Sex differernce is horizontal.
It the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Embodiment 12
Radish
" U.S. cherry " cherry radish kind is selected, each processing is colonized 30 plants, 3 repetitions of each processing.
1. elder generation carries out nursery in hole tray, transplant planting when seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly.
2. cultivating bed prepares：By composition described in above-described embodiment 1-9 and comparative example 1-8 be packed into cultivation bed (it is long × wide ×
A height of 5m × 0.4m × 0.3m), comparative example 5 is made into flat furrow.
3. water and fertilizer management：Growth period only carries out moisture supply, that is, pours a seedling recovering water after being colonized, pour one after 10 days again
Secondary water.
4. production and the measurement of indices are surveyed in harvesting in 20 days after field planting.
Correlated traits measuring method
Plant height：Ruler measures every plant of cherry radish fleshy root at a distance from upper blade junction to longest blade upper end, often
A every strain number value of duplicate measurements, then seeks each duplicate average value, then seeks the average value of three reprocessings.
Cauline leaf fresh weight：The plant of plant height has been surveyed with blade by every plant of overground part blade and root tuber segregation, electronic balance
Then the weight for weighing every plant of sample overground part blade seeks each duplicate average value, then ask being averaged for three reprocessings
Value.
Meat root fresh weight：The matrix carried on every plant of fleshy root and soil are rinsed well with flowing water, filter paper blots water
Point, electronic balance weighs the quality of every plant of sample fleshy root, then seeks each duplicate average value, then ask three reprocessings
Average value.
Cauline leaf and meat root dry weight：The blade of fresh weight and fleshy root has been claimed to be respectively charged into paper bag, 105 DEG C of water-removings by every plant
3min, 75 DEG C drying to constant weight, measures the dry of every plant of cauline leaf and fleshy root respectively using the electronic balance of accuracy a ten thousandth
Weight, then seeks the average value of each repetition respective cauline leaf and fleshy root, then asks the cauline leaf and fleshy root point of three reprocessings
Other average value.
Soluble sugar content：Using anthrone colorimetry (Zhou Zufu, Li Zhaoan；Plant physiology experiment guidance；Beijing：In
Agricultural publishing house of state, 2005) measurement.10 cherry radishes are randomly choosed in each repetition and grind simultaneously sample mixing at low temperature, and measurement should
Duplicate fleshy root soluble sugar content.Then 3 duplicate numerical value are subjected to the average soluble sugar content as this processing
Value.
Soluble protein content：Coomassie Brilliant Blue (Chen Junhui, Li Jun；Biochemistry Experiment [M]；Beijing：Scientific publication
Society, 2014) measurement.10 cherry radish low temperature of each repetition random selection grind sample mixing and measure duplicate fleshy root solubility
Protein content.Then 3 duplicate numerical value are subjected to the average soluble protein content value as this processing.
The data that test obtains are arranged using 2003 editions softwares of Excel, following SPSS16.0 editions software carries out
It statisticallys analyze, using the significance of difference between LSD method inspection processing after one-way analysis of variance, with P<0.05 is poor as conspicuousness
Different level.
It the results are shown in Table 4 and table 5.
Table 4
Table 5
Embodiment 13
Strawberry
Select " beauty " strawberry cultivars, each processing 15m2, each processing is in triplicate.
1. cultivating bed prepares, by composition described in above-described embodiment 1-9 and comparative example 1-8 be packed into cultivation bed (it is long × wide ×
A height of 5m × 0.4m × 0.3m), it is 5m × 0.4m × 0.3m high ridge that comparative example 5, which is made into length × width × height,.
2. seedling selects：Select the plant that robust growth, leaf color are dark green, rhizome is relatively thick, have more new root, no disease and pests harm.Kind
Seedling specification：Have 5 to 6 normal leaves, seedling weight 30g or more, the thick 1.0cm or more of rhizome.
3. field planting：Seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm, it is each to repeat to plant seedling quantity to be 165 plants, when plant it is noted that it is deep do not bury the heart,
Shallowly crab rooting, plant do not want hunchbacked outside, pour after cultivation primary permeable.
4. being managed after field planting：Soil moisture is maintained at 70% to 80% during strawberry entirely gives birth to, and seedling-slowing stage is (after field planting
Within 15 days) relative air humidity 80% to 90% is kept, keep room temperature on daytime to be no more than 35 DEG C, 12 to 14 DEG C of night；Slow seedling
Enter strawberry vigorous period (one month or so) after phase, pours small water 5 times during this, daytime, room temperature was maintained at 25 DEG C or so, no
More than 30 DEG C；10 to 12 DEG C of night, during which relative air humidity 70% to 80% applies quick-acting ternary compound fertilizer with water according to growing way
(15-15-15) 1 time, and guarantee that each processing way to manage is consistent.Post flowering day temperature is controlled at 22 to 25 DEG C, 10 DEG C of night
Left and right, relative humidity are controlled 50% or so.Florescence must be foliage-spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 to 4 times, every 10d or so spray 1
It is secondary.0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage spray is used during Fruit.22 to 25 DEG C of day temperature of holding, 8 to 10 DEG C of night,
Humid control is 60% to 70%.It must be strictly controlled temperature and moisture in fructescence, keep day temperature 20 to 25
DEG C, 8 DEG C of night or so, it is primary that this period can spray blade face with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 to 15d, relative air humidity control
System is 50% to 60%.
5. harvesting：Fruit surface red area, which reaches 70% or more, to be harvested, and indices are measured.
Correlated traits measuring method
1. yield：Entire picking time continues 20 days, harvests in batches, and meter produces by several times, all after harvesting, calculates 3 weights
Multiple average product carries out mathematical statistics later, analyzes result.
2. single fruit weight：Each 20 fruits of random selection that repeat are harvested every time to weigh, and calculate 3 duplicate average lists
Fruit weight, carries out Mathematical Statistics Analysis later.
3. soluble sugar：Using anthrone colorimetry (Zhou Zufu, Li Zhaoan；Plant physiology experiment guidance；Beijing：China
Agriculture publishing house, 2005) measurement.Each repetition each stage randomly chooses 20 fruit sample mixings respectively, measures the 3rd day respectively
(fruit early period), the 10th day (mid-term fruit), the strawberry sugar content of the 17th (later period fruit) day three phases harvesting.Then again will
The numerical value in 3 repetition each stages is averaged respectively, the soluble sugar content value in each stage as this processing.Measurement knot
Shu Houjin row mathematical statistics analyzes result.
4.Vc content：Vc content uses 2,6- dichloroindophenol titration (Chen Junhui, Li Jun；Biochemistry Experiment [M]；North
Capital：Science Press, 2014) measurement.Sampling method is the same as soluble sugar measuring method.
The data that test obtains are arranged using 2003 editions softwares of Excel, following SPSS16.0 editions software carries out
It statisticallys analyze, using the significance of difference between LSD method inspection processing after one-way analysis of variance, with P<0.05 is poor as conspicuousness
Different level.
It the results are shown in Table 6 and table 7.
Table 6
| Embodiment | Yield (equivalent kg/667m2) | Single fruit weight (g) |
| Embodiment 1 | 1508.7cd | 23.14c |
| Embodiment 2 | 1512.4bcd | 23.37bc |
| Embodiment 3 | 1564.6a | 24.68ab |
| Embodiment 4 | 1578.8a | 25.72a |
| Embodiment 5 | 1562.6a | 24.87ab |
| Embodiment 6 | 1558.3ab | 24.86ab |
| Embodiment 7 | 1554.9abc | 24.36b |
| Embodiment 8 | 1497.2d | 23.01c |
| Embodiment 9 | 1498.5d | 23.06c |
| Comparative example 1 | 1436.4e | 21.35d |
| Comparative example 2 | 1428.4e | 20.68de |
| Comparative example 3 | 1432.6e | 20.32de |
| Comparative example 4 | 1421.7e | 19.47e |
| Comparative example 5 | 1434.8e | 21.42d |
| Comparative example 6 | 1372.6f | 18.46f |
| Comparative example 7 | 1374.8f | 18.51f |
| Comparative example 8 | 1367.4f | 18.48f |
Table 7
Analysis
From the point of view of the experimental result of the application, the property of cultivation matrix will greatly affect the upgrowth situation of plant, and
Its property is also determined by its formula components and proportion.The formula of each base composition is to plant nutrient device involved in the application
The yield and quality of official all has a great impact.It can be seen that frass and decomposed corn stover from the data of each embodiment
Appropriate proportion can be very good to promote the growth of plant, and embodiment 1-5 can be very good to embody the reasonable of frass and corn stover
Combination is able to satisfy the good growth requirement of crop, and especially embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 has more preferably effect.In addition, frass with
Other organic matters are assembled, such as wheat stalk, coco bran, also can reach good cultivation effect.This point is from 6 He of embodiment
Embodiment 7 can be embodied very well.
The experimental data of the application shows that root system dry matter and transplanting survival rate, yield is all at very strong positive correlation.And it moves
Very high economic benefit can be brought by planting survival rate raising.By taking tomato as an example, if mu plants 2000-2200 plants, using real
40% or more (comparative example 5) volume increase will be cultivated than conventional soil by applying cultivation matrix described in example 4.For watermelon, if mu plants 800-
1000 plants, then 35% or more (comparative example 7) volume increase will be cultivated than conventional soil using cultivation matrix described in embodiment 4.
It can be seen that frass and stalk in the composition by the cultivation matrix component ratio of each embodiment and comparative example
Content is vital.Frass volume content is in 2%-30%, the side of having when stalk volume content is within the scope of 65%-85%
There can be synergistic function, reach good cultivation effect.Especially frass volume content is in 10%-15%, stalk volume
Synergistic effect is best embodied when content is within the scope of 70%-80%, has reached more preferably cultivation effect.This point passes through
The contrast effect of embodiment 1 to embodiment 9, which can be seen that, to be come.In addition, passing through embodiment 1 to embodiment 9 and comparative example 1 to comparison
As can be seen that closing with organic matter (decomposed agricultural crop straw or coco bran etc.) group, the cultivation effect for adding frass will be shown example 4
Work is better than chicken manure, cow dung, wormcast these traditional organic manures, illustrates that the combination of frass and organic matter achieves meaning in cultivation
Technical effect unexpectedly.
Herein described experimental selection Curcurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Cruciferae and the representative vegetables or fruit of rosaceae
Crop reflects the adaptability of the cultivation medium formula of herein described each embodiment and its wide as experimental subjects in data
It is general, practical application can be carried out in various crop.
It can be seen that frass and the appropriately combined of stalk can also improve vegetables and fruit production from the experimental data of the application
The quality of product, this point can be embodied from crop of participating in the experiment.
Conclusion
By experimental data it can be seen that：Frass volume is within the scope of 2%-30% in embodiment, especially in 10%-15%
In range, stalk or other organic matter volumes are in 65%-85%, especially within the scope of 70%-80%, the survival rate of plant,
Root biomass, yield, quality are all higher than other formula cultivation matrixes, therefore it can be concluded that such as draw a conclusion：
1. frass and corn stover combine at the correct ratio within the scope of certain volume content, can be very good by
Corn stover carries out matrix resource utilization, effectively solves a series of problems caused by corn stover surplus.Applicable range is
The volume content of frass is 2%-30%, and preferably volume content is 10%-15%；The volume content of corn stover is 65%-
85%, preferably volume content is 70%-80%.Frass and the volume ratio of stalk are 2:85 to 30:65, preferably frass and stalk
Volume ratio be 1:8 to 3:14.
2. frass and other types stalk and organic matter carry out the combination of proper proportion, good cultivation also can achieve
Effect.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultivation matrix comprising frass, organic matter and the moisture retaining groundmass generated by insect.
2. cultivation matrix according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the organic matter includes decomposed agricultural crop straw
And/or coco bran；It is preferred that the agricultural crop straw includes corn stover and/or wheat stalk.
3. cultivation matrix according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in terms of volumn concentration, the frass is in institute
Stating the amount in cultivation matrix is 2%-30%, and amount of the organic matter in the cultivation matrix is 65%-85%；It is preferred that described
Amount of the frass in the cultivation matrix is 10%-15%, and amount of the preferably described organic matter in the cultivation matrix is 70%-
80%.
4. cultivation matrix described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the insect includes Scarabaeoidea
At least one of (Scarabaeoidea) insect；
It is preferred that the insect of the Scarabaeoidea (Scarabaeoidea) is selected from cetoniidae (Cetoniidae), rhinoceros Scarabaeidae
(Dynastidae), Passalidae (Passalidae), quasi- Lucanidae (Sinodendridae), Lucanidae (Lucanidae), excrement
Scarabaeidae (Geotrupidae), Trogidae (Trogidae), Aphodiidae (Aphodiidae), spot Scarabaeidae
(Trichiidae), at least one of fat Scarabaeidae (Valgidae), Scarabaeidae (Scarabaeidae) insect；
It is preferred that the insect of the Scarabaeoidea (Scarabaeoidea) is selected from protaetia brevitarsis (Protaetia brevitarsis
Lewis), at least one of Allomyrina dichotoma (Allomyrina dichtoma), dung beetle (Catharsius molossus).
5. cultivation matrix described in any one of -4 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the frass is the insect
The frass that larva and/or adult generate；It is preferred that the frass that the larva that the frass is the insect generates.
6. cultivation matrix described in any one of -5 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the moisture retaining groundmass is vermiculite.
7. cultivation matrix described in any one of -6 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in terms of volumn concentration, institute
Stating amount of the vermiculite in the cultivation matrix is 5%-20%.
8. application of the cultivation matrix according to any one of claims 1-7 in arviculture.
9. application according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the crops in vegetables and/or fruit at least
It is a kind of.
10. application according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the crops are selected from Cruciferae
(Brassicaceae), Solanaceae (Solanaceae), Umbelliferae (Umbelliferae), Curcurbitaceae (cucurbitaceae), hundred
Conjunction section (Liliaceae), pulse family (Leguminosae), composite family (Compositae), Malvaceae (Malvaceae), Li Ke
(Chenopodiaceae), Zingiber (Zingiberaceae), Araeceae (Araceae), grass family (Gramineae) and rose
At least one of common vetch section (Rosaceae)；
It is preferred that the crops are selected from Solanaceae (Solanaceae), Curcurbitaceae (Cueurbitaceae), Cruciferae
(Brassicaceae) and at least one of rosaceae (Rosaceae)；
It is preferred that the crops are selected from tomato genus (Lycopersicon esculentum), Citrullus (Citrullus), Rhaphanus
(Raphanus) and at least one of Fragaria (Fragaria).
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| CN113748814A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-07 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn |
| CN114195564A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | Method for efficiently removing antibiotic resistance gene pollution in agaricus bisporus culture waste |
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| CN107382506A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 沧州市农林科学院 | One kind includes the frass composition as caused by Scarabaeoidea insect |
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| CN113748814A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-07 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for improving annual yield of wheat and corn |
| CN114195564A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | Method for efficiently removing antibiotic resistance gene pollution in agaricus bisporus culture waste |
| CN114195564B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | Method for efficiently removing antibiotic resistance gene pollution in agaricus bisporus culture waste |
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