CN113728860A - Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/10—Holders for boughs or branches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a simplified wolfberry tree form and a culture method thereof, and relates to the field of wolfberry cultivation. According to the light and simplified cultivation method of the wolfberry tree form, a single-trunk four-arm tree form is formed through hedge frame arrangement, seedling planting and four-year shaping, the first layer of horizontal main branches are bound on the first frame wires of the hedge frame, the second layer of horizontal main branches are bound on the second frame wires, compared with the traditional tree form, the tree crown is reduced in size and simple in structure, only the tree crown is divided into a main trunk, the main branches and side branches, bearing branch groups are directly planted on the side branches, the trimming technology is simple, the workload of trimming and bud picking is reduced, the labor efficiency can be improved, the labor force is saved, the cultivation method is suitable for production operations such as mechanical trimming and pesticide spraying, the picking is convenient, and the fruit quality can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medlar cultivation, in particular to a simplified medlar tree form and a cultivation method thereof.
Background
The medlar (Lycium barbarum) is a traditional rare Chinese medicinal material in China, has extremely high medicinal value and nutritional value, and is a traditional dominant characteristic industry in northwest of China. With the rapid development of the medlar industry, the expansion of planting area and the problem of labor shortage are increasingly remarkable, and the labor cost of a medlar garden accounts for 76% of the total production cost. The tree-shaped spaces such as natural semicircular, three-storey buildings and the like which are used for a long time are greatly utilized, and high yield is facilitated, but the following defects exist: (1) the tree body is large, the skeleton level is multiple, latent buds and adventitious buds on the bone trunk branches are easy to extract, the back branches are multiple, measures such as pinching and bud picking are needed to be conducted frequently for management, and the labor amount is large; (2) the volume of the tree crown is large, the quantity of peripheral branches and leaves is large, and the leaf curtain layer is thick, so that the light quantity of the blades in the inner chamber is very small, and ventilation and light transmission are not facilitated; (3) the pruning technology is complex, the skeleton level is multiple, the requirements on the angles and the positions of the main branches and the branch groups are high, and the problem of yield reduction caused by the fact that a grower cannot easily master the pruning technology is many. Therefore, the improvement of the cultivation technology has important significance for promoting the development of the medlar industry.
The hedge frame cultivation has the characteristics of simple shaping and trimming, labor saving and time saving, and by using the hedge frame mode on fruit trees for reference, the medlar production garden realizes the mechanization of quick forming, water and fertilizer integration, intertillage and pesticide spraying, however, the prior hedge frame cultivation and shaping technology of medlar still takes the traditional cultivation experience as the main part, is not matched with the new hedge frame cultivation and shaping requirements, and still has lower economic benefit. For example, referring to the traditional wolfberry cultivation experience, the pruning treatment is uniformly carried out on the bare-grown branches, so that few fruiting branches are produced on the wolfberry trees cultivated in the trellis, and the wolfberry yield is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defect of low economic benefit caused by the fact that the traditional wolfberry cultivation experience is not matched with the hedge frame cultivation and shaping requirements in the prior art, and provides a simplified wolfberry tree form and a shaping method thereof.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for shaping a simplified wolfberry tree shape, comprising the following steps:
(1) setting a hedge frame and planting nursery stocks: arranging supports at intervals in a planting row, drawing at least two frame wires between adjacent supports, binding an upright trunk fixing rod through the frame wires, planting medlar seedlings, and binding the trunks of the medlar seedlings on the trunk fixing rod to enable the medlar seedlings to grow upright;
(2) shaping in the first year: after the fixedly planted medlar seedlings survive, a strong branch cutting trunk is reserved on a trunk, 2 branches with strong growth vigor are reserved in branches which sprout under a cut, the branches are respectively bound on first frame wires on the left side and the right side of the trunk so as to culture a first layer of horizontal main branches, and the branches are cut after the first layer of horizontal main branches grow;
(3) shaping in the second year: a. before germination in spring: truncating the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches, and truncating the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches; b. growth period in spring: cutting the extracted spindly branches to promote fruiting branches; c. and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches; d. growing period of autumn shoot germination: selecting and reserving 1 bare-grown branch at a position, which is positioned above the first layer of horizontal main branches, on the trunk, binding the bare-grown branch on a trunk fixing rod, topping the trunk after the trunk grows to promote branching, selecting and reserving 2 strong branches, and respectively binding the branches on second frame wires at the left side and the right side of the trunk to culture a second layer of horizontal main branches;
(4) shaping in the third year and shaping in the fourth year: a. before germination in spring: truncating the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 biennial branches on the lateral branches growing horizontally and obliquely upwards, retracting the lateral branches growing obliquely downwards, and truncating the biennial branches on the back of the branch lacking position on the main branches; b. growth period in spring: for the first layer of horizontal main branches, the extracted spindly branches are cut short to promote bearing branches, and for the second layer of horizontal main branches, the extracted spindly branches are cut short to promote bearing branches; c. and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches, cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches, shaping in the fourth year, and culturing and forming the tree shape.
Further, in the step (1), the distance between two adjacent brackets is 10.0 m; the height of the bracket is 2.4m, the bracket is buried underground by 0.6m and is fixed by pouring reinforced concrete; punching holes at positions 1.0m and 1.6m away from the ground on the support respectively and drawing the first wire frame and the second wire frame; punching holes at a position 0.4m away from the ground on the support and drawing a third frame wire for hanging the drip irrigation pipe; preferably, the support is a triangular iron support, the first frame wire, the second frame wire and the third frame wire are steel wires or iron wires, and the main fixing rod is a bamboo pole.
Further, in the step (1), wolfberry seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 3.0m and the plant spacing of 0.8-1 m.
Further, in the step (2), cutting off the trunk at a position 90-100 cm away from the ground when the plastic is shaped in the first year; and reserving a short section of 40-50 cm when the first layer of horizontal main branches grow to 60-70 cm long.
Further, in the step (2), the shaping in the first year further comprises: and (4) carrying out bud picking on the fruiting branches grown on the first layer of horizontal main branches in time without processing the grown spindly branches and the main branches below the fixed trunk height.
Further, in the step (3), when the plastic is shaped in the second year,
before germination in spring: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections 20-25 cm away from the front and back of the first layer of horizontal main branches, and keeping 3-5 cm short sections of the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches;
growth period in spring: the extracted bare branches grow to be 30-40 cm long and are left with 5-10 cm short sections;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting 3-5 cm away the current-year-old branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches;
growing period of autumn shoot germination: selecting and reserving 1 bare-grown branch at a position 1m away from the ground on the trunk to be bound on the trunk fixing rod, topping the branch when the branch grows to 1.5-1.6 m, and carrying out binding operation when the branch growth is promoted to 30-40 cm.
Further, in the step (3), the shaping in the second year further comprises:
before germination in spring: thinning weak branches, diseased residual branches, transverse branches and back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches;
growth period in spring: bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as the treetop period, the bearing branches extracted from the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches are not processed, and the spindly branches germinated from the trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches in the crown are respectively thinned;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: thinning the bare-rooted branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof;
growing period of autumn shoot germination: respectively thinning the spindly branches germinated on the main trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branch and the side branches in the crown, and not processing the bearing branches.
Further, in the step (4), when the plastic is shaped in the third year and the plastic is shaped in the fourth year,
before germination in spring: cutting short the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 20-30 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches, retracting the lateral branches growing downwards in an inclined mode by 5-10 cm, and cutting short the two-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm;
growth period in spring: for the first layer of horizontal main branches, 5-10 cm short sections are reserved when the extracted long-cut branches grow to be 20-30 cm long, and for the second layer of horizontal main branches, 5-10 cm short sections are reserved when the extracted long-cut branches grow to be 30-40 cm long;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting the side branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the third-year plastic surgery and the fourth-year plastic surgery further include:
before germination in spring: thinning and removing the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and the thin and weak branches, diseased residual branches, transverse branches and back lower branches on the lateral branches thereof;
growth period in spring: bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as the treetop stage, bud picking is carried out on the lateral branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches as early as within 10cm from the trunk in the treetop stage, the fruit branches extracted from the main branches and the lateral branches are not processed for the second layer of horizontal main branches, and the main branches in the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof, and the overground branches germinated on the second layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof are respectively thinned out;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: thinning the bare-rooted branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof;
growing period of autumn shoot germination: and (4) thinning the main trunk in the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and side branches thereof to form spindly branches without processing the bearing branches.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a simplified lycium barbarum tree form obtained by a cultivation method of the simplified lycium barbarum tree form.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the light and simplified cultivation method of the wolfberry tree form, a single-trunk four-arm tree form is formed through hedge frame arrangement, seedling planting and four-year shaping, the first layer of horizontal main branches are bound on the first frame wires of the hedge frame, the second layer of horizontal main branches are bound on the second frame wires, compared with the traditional tree form, the tree crown is reduced in size and simple in structure, only the tree crown is divided into a main trunk, the main branches and side branches, bearing branch groups are directly planted on the side branches, the trimming technology is simple, the workload of trimming and bud picking is reduced, the labor efficiency can be improved, the labor force is saved, the cultivation method is suitable for production operations such as mechanical trimming and pesticide spraying, the picking is convenient, and the fruit quality can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a trellis structure and a tree structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a tree structure in the spring growth period of the first year shaping in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a tree structure in the spring growth period of the second year shaping in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a tree structure diagram of the second year of autumn growth in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a tree structure diagram of the spring shoot shaping period of the third year in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a tree structure diagram of the spring shoot shaping full bearing period in the fourth year in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a triangular iron bracket; 2-a first frame wire; 3-a second frame wire; 4-third stringing; 5-drip irrigation pipe; 6-bamboo pole.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is explained as follows:
the invention provides a method for shaping a light and simplified Chinese wolfberry tree shape, which comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a hedge frame and planting nursery stocks: arranging supports at intervals in a planting row, drawing at least two frame wires between adjacent supports, binding an upright trunk fixing rod through the frame wires, planting medlar seedlings, and binding the trunks of the medlar seedlings on the trunk fixing rod to enable the medlar seedlings to grow upright;
(2) shaping in the first year: after the fixedly planted medlar seedlings survive, a strong branch pruning trunk is selected from a trunk, 2 branches with strong growth vigor are selected from the branches which sprout under a pruning port, the branches are respectively bound on first frame wires on the left side and the right side of the trunk so as to culture a first layer of horizontal main branches, and the branches are truncated after the first layer of horizontal main branches grow;
(3) shaping in the second year:
a. before germination in spring: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches;
b. growth period in spring: cutting the extracted spindly branches to promote fruiting branches;
c. and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches;
d. growing period of autumn shoot germination: selecting 1 bare-grown branch at a position above a first layer of horizontal main branches on a trunk and binding the bare-grown branch on a trunk fixing rod, topping the trunk after the trunk grows to promote branching, selecting 2 strong branches, and respectively binding the branches on second frame wires at the left side and the right side of the trunk to culture a second layer of horizontal main branches;
(4) shaping in the third year and shaping in the fourth year:
a. before germination in spring: truncating the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 biennial branches on the lateral branches growing horizontally and obliquely upwards, retracting the lateral branches growing obliquely downwards, and truncating the biennial branches on the back of the branch lacking position on the main branches;
b. growth period in spring: for the first layer of horizontal main branches, the extracted spindly branches are cut short to promote the bearing branches, and for the second layer of horizontal main branches, the extracted spindly branches are cut short to promote the bearing branches;
c. and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting short the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches, cutting short the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches, shaping in the fourth year, and culturing and forming the tree shape.
The invention provides a simplified cultivation method of a wolfberry tree form, which is a cultivation and shaping method based on a trellis structure. This hedge frame structure comprises support, two piece at least framves silk, and wherein, the support is used for erectting the frame silk, and the frame silk is used for tying up and ties up first layer level main branch, second floor level main branch, trunk dead lever, and the trunk dead lever is used for tying up and ties up the trunk of matrimony vine tree. The invention does not limit the material, shape, arrangement space, height and the like of the bracket, the frame wire and the trunk fixing rod, and can be reasonably selected according to specific conditions when the technical scheme of the invention is implemented.
As an optional embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the distance between two adjacent brackets is 10.0 m; the height of the bracket is 2.4m, the bracket is buried underground by 0.6m and is fixed by pouring reinforced concrete; punching holes at positions 1.0m and 1.6m away from the ground on the support respectively and drawing the first frame wire and the second frame wire; and punching holes at the position 0.4m away from the ground on the support and drawing a third frame wire for hanging the drip irrigation pipe.
Preferably, the bracket is a triangular iron bracket, the first frame wire, the second frame wire and the third frame wire are steel wires, and the trunk fixing rod is a bamboo pole. The triangular iron support is vertically connected by two iron rods, wherein one iron rod is horizontally buried underground, and the other iron rod penetrates out and is vertical to the ground. The distance between the iron poles perpendicular to the ground of two adjacent triangular iron supports is 10.0m, the height of the iron poles perpendicular to the ground is 2.4m, the height of the part embedded into the ground is 0.6m, the height of the part exposed out of the ground is 1.8m, and the heights of the first wire erection, the second wire erection and the third wire erection from the ground are 1.0m, 1.6m and 0.4m respectively.
The planting distance of the seedlings is not limited, and as an optional implementation mode of the planting method, the medlar seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 3.0m and the plant spacing of 0.8-1 m (preferably 1 m).
As an optional embodiment of the invention, when shaping in the first year, cutting off the trunk at a position 90-100 cm (preferably 90cm) away from the ground; and (3) reserving a short section of 40-50 cm (preferably 50cm) when the first layer of horizontal main branches grow to 60-70 cm long. Wherein the purpose of truncation in this step is: the growth vigor of the medlar branches is mild after the medlar branches are horizontally bound, the tree skeleton can be formed by 50cm of short section in the field, the yield is considered, the crown width is small when the yield is lower than 50cm, the yield is low and is higher than 50cm, the growth vigor is weak, and the tree skeleton is not beneficial to being formed.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first year of plastic training further comprises: the bearing branches grown on the first layer of horizontal main branches are not processed, and the grown spindly branches and the main branches below the fixed trunk height are timely bud-removed. Wherein, the bearing branches are not processed and grow to form bearing branch groups, and the branches naturally droop after fruit setting; the bud picking in the step aims to: the trunk is easy to grow the bare-grown branches, the growing potential of the bare-grown branches is strong, the trees are erased as early as possible, and the nutrition consumption on the trees is avoided.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the second year of plastic,
before germination in spring: and (3) cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections 20-25 cm (preferably 20cm) away from the front and the back of the first layer of horizontal main branches, and leaving 3-5 cm short sections for the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches. Preferably, the hedge trimmer is adopted to perform short-cut on the front and rear sections of the horizontal main branches of the first layer, so that the operation is simple and convenient, and the mechanical shaping is realized. The purpose of two truncations in this step is respectively: cutting by 20cm, adjusting tree vigor, and promoting spring bearing branches; and (3) cutting by 3-5 cm to promote branching, culturing fruiting branch groups, and supplementing a tree skeleton.
Growth period in spring: and (3) the extracted spindly branches grow to be 30-40 cm long and are left with 5-10 cm (preferably 10cm) short sections.
The traditional Chinese wolfberry cultivation technology uniformly prunes the long-leaved branches, but the inventor finds that the top of buds on the back of a horizontal branch is strong in superiority and easily germinates the long-leaved branches, the pile retaining short section of the two-year branches on the back of the positions where the horizontal main branches are lacking branches before germination in spring and the short section of the extracted long-leaved branches in spring growth period can promote branching for current-year fruiting, the operation can effectively utilize the long-leaved branches, and the problems that few bearing branches are caused by trimming a large number of side branches to form a light simplified tree form and the yield is reduced are solved. The tree form is simplified lightly under the operation, the number of the result branch groups is ensured, the yield is improved, and the method has important practical significance and is one of innovation points of the method.
And (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections at the positions 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm. The purpose of two truncations in this step is respectively: cutting the tree by 30-40 cm, adjusting the tree vigor, and promoting the fruit branches in autumn; and (3) cutting by 3-5 cm to promote branching, culturing fruiting branch groups, and supplementing a tree skeleton.
Growing period of autumn shoot germination: selecting and reserving 1 bare-grown branch at a position 1m away from the ground on a trunk to be bound on a trunk fixing rod, topping the branch when the branch grows to 1.5-1.6 m (preferably 1.5m), carrying out binding operation when the branch grows to 30-40 cm (preferably 40cm), and carrying out binding operation manually or by adopting a branch binding machine.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the second year of plastic surgery further comprises:
before germination in spring: and thinning weak branches, diseased and residual branches, transverse branches and back branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches.
Growth period in spring: and (3) bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as possible in the treetop stage, the fruiting branches extracted from the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches are not processed, and the spindly branches germinated on the trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches in the crown are respectively thinned. The bud picking in the step aims to: the trunk is easy to grow the bare-grown branches, the growing potential of the bare-grown branches is strong, the trees are erased as early as possible, and the nutrition consumption on the trees is avoided.
And (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and removing the spindled branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof. The purpose of the above-mentioned processing in this step is to: the overgrown branches are removed, and nutrient consumption is avoided; the back branches are in the inner chamber of the crown, which is not beneficial to management on one hand, and the back branches are more on the other hand, which results in poor ventilation and light transmittance of the tree body.
Growing period of autumn shoot germination: respectively thinning the spindly branches germinated on the main trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branch and the side branches in the crown, and not processing the bearing branches. The purpose of the above-mentioned processing in this step is to: the nutrient consumption of the tree body is avoided.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, at the time of the third year of plastic forming and the fourth year of plastic forming,
before germination in spring: and (3) cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections 20-30 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches, retracting the lateral branches growing downwards in an inclined manner by 5-10 cm (preferably 10cm), and cutting the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm. The purpose of performing the above-described processing (chopping, retracting) in this step is respectively: cutting the tree by 20-30 cm, adjusting the tree vigor, and promoting the bearing branches in spring; the tree vigor is weakened due to excessive lateral branches and back lower branches which grow obliquely downwards, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the retraction is used for promoting buds on the backs of the lateral branches to sprout and sprout branches and adjusting the tree vigor.
Growth period in spring: and for the first layer of horizontal main branches, 5-10 cm (preferably 10cm) short sections are reserved when the extracted spindly branches grow to 20-30 cm long, and 5-10 cm (preferably 10cm) short sections are reserved when the extracted spindly branches grow to 30-40 cm long for the second layer of horizontal main branches.
Similarly, the two-year-old branch stub on the back of the branch lacking part of the horizontal main branch before germination in spring and the overgrown branch stub extracted in spring can promote branching for current-year fruit bearing, and the operation can effectively utilize the overgrown branches, so that the problems of few fruiting branch groups and low yield caused by massive pruning of lateral branches to form a simplified tree form are solved. The tree form is simplified lightly under the operation, the number of the branch groups is ensured, the yield is improved, and the method has important practical significance and is one of the innovation points of the method.
And (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting the side branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm. In the step, the two times of truncation treatment on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches respectively aim at: cutting the tree by 30-40 cm, adjusting the tree vigor, and promoting the fruit branches in autumn; and (3) cutting by 3-5 cm to promote branching, culturing fruiting branch groups, and supplementing a tree skeleton.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the third-year plastic surgery and the fourth-year plastic surgery further include:
before germination in spring: and thinning and removing the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof, the thin and weak branches, the diseased residual branches, the transverse branches and the back lower branches on the second layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof.
Growth period in spring: bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as the treetop stage, bud picking is carried out on the lateral branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches as early as within 10cm from the trunk in the treetop stage, the fruiting branches extracted from the main branches and the lateral branches are not processed for the second layer of horizontal main branches, and the main trunk in the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof, and the spindly branches germinated on the second layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof are respectively thinned out. The purpose of the above-mentioned processing in this step is to: the nutrient consumption of the tree body is avoided.
And (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and removing the spindled branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof.
Growing period of autumn shoot germination: and (4) thinning the main trunk in the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and side branches thereof to form spindly branches without processing the bearing branches.
It should be noted that, in general, the pre-spring germination period, the spring growth period, the fruit picking period, and the autumn shoot germination period refer to 3 to 4 months, 5 to 6 months, 7 months, and 8 to 9 months of each year, respectively.
The invention provides a light simplified wolfberry tree form obtained by the light simplified wolfberry tree form culture method, namely a single-stem four-arm tree form, which is composed of a main stem, four main branches and side branches on the main branches, wherein a left main branch and a right main branch bound on a first shelf wire on a lower layer form a first layer horizontal main branch, a left main branch and a right main branch bound on a second shelf wire on a higher layer form a second layer horizontal main branch.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Examples
This embodiment provides a simplified method for cultivating a tree form of lycium barbarum,
culturing time: 3 months in 2018 to 8 months in 2021
Medlar seedling: new strain of Chinese wolfberry 14-402
The specific operation is as follows:
(1) hedge frame arrangement
Year 2018, month 3: as shown in fig. 1, a triangular iron support 1 is embedded every 10.0m in a fixed planting row, the triangular iron support 1 is vertically connected by two iron rods, one of the iron rods is horizontally embedded underground and is poured and fixed by reinforced concrete, the other iron rod penetrates out and is vertical to the ground, 10.0m refers to the distance between the iron rods of the two adjacent triangular iron supports, the height of the iron rod vertical to the ground is 2.4m, the height of the embedded underground part is 0.6m, and the height of the exposed ground is 1.8 m. Punching holes at the heights of 0.4m, 1.0m and 1.6m from the ground on an iron rod vertical to the ground, drawing steel wires, sequentially naming a third wire 4, a first wire 2 and a second wire 3 from bottom to top, hanging a drip irrigation pipe 5 on the third wire 4, and binding an upright bamboo rod 6 through three wires.
(2) Planting nursery stock
Year 2018, month 4: planting the medlar seedlings according to the line spacing of 3.0m and the plant spacing of 1m, and simultaneously binding and fixing the trunks and the bamboo poles to ensure that the medlar seedlings grow vertically and are prevented from being blown off by wind.
(3) Shaping in the first year
Year 2018, month 5: after the seedlings of the Chinese wolfberry are planted and survived, a strong branch is selected from a trunk and cut off at a position 90cm away from the ground; selecting 2 branches with strong growth vigor from branches sprouting below a pruning wound, respectively binding the branches on first frame silks with the height of 1.0m at the left side and the right side of a trunk by using a branch binding machine, and culturing a first layer of horizontal main branches; when the first layer of horizontal main branches grows to 60-70 cm, a 50cm short section is reserved; the bearing branches grown on the first layer of horizontal main branches are not treated, and the branches naturally droop after fruit setting; the first layer of horizontal main branches are provided with vain long branches and buds of the main branches are timely erased, wherein the distance between the buds and the ground is less than 90 cm. The tree structure diagram in the spring growth period of the first year of plastic is shown in FIG. 2.
(4) Shaping in the second year
Before germination in 3-4 spring of 2019: adopting a hedge trimmer to perform short-cut on the side branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 20cm away from the front and the back of the first layer of horizontal main branches; a 3-5 cm short section is reserved for the biennial branch on the back of the branch lacking position on the first layer of horizontal main branch; and thinning weak branches, diseased and residual branches, transverse branches and back branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches.
Growth period of 5-6 months spring in 2019: bud picking is carried out on the buds on the trunk as early as possible in the shoot pulling period; the bearing branches extracted from the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches are not processed; the short cut of 10cm is reserved when the branch of the bare branch extracted from the first layer of horizontal main branch is 30-40 cm long, so as to promote branching, and the branch is used for bearing fruit in the same year; respectively thinning the spindly branches germinated on the main trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branch and the side branches in the crown. The structure of the tree in the spring growth period of the second year of plastic is shown in FIG. 3.
Ending the fruit picking period in 2019 in 7 months: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the first layer of horizontal main branches by using a hedge trimmer; a 3-5 cm short section is reserved on the back of the current-year-old branch at the branch lacking position of the first layer of horizontal main branches; and removing the spindly branches and the back lower branches on the horizontal main branches and the lateral branches of the first layer.
Growth period of autumn shoot germination in 2019 from 8 to 9 months: 1 bare-rooted branch is selected and reserved on the trunk 1m away from the ground and is bound on a bamboo pole; topping the branches when the branches grow to 1.5m, and promoting branching; selecting and reserving 2 strong branches, respectively binding the branches to second frame wires with the height of 1.6m at the left side and the right side of the trunk by using a branch binding machine when the branch promoting strips grow to 40cm, and culturing a second layer of horizontal main branches; thinning the spindly branches germinated on the main trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches in the crown; the bearing branches are not treated. The tree structure diagram in the autumn growth period of the second year is shown in FIG. 4.
(5) Shaping in the third year
Before germination in spring of 3-4 months in 2020: adopting a hedge trimmer to perform short-cut on the cross sections 20-30 cm away from the front and back of the first and second layers of horizontal main branches on the side branches on the first and second layers of horizontal main branches; 2-3 biennial branches are selected and reserved on the horizontal and oblique side branches; retracting the lateral branches which are inclined downwards by 10 cm; a 3-5 cm short section is reserved for the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches; and thinning the back lower branches, the weak branches, the diseased residual branches and the transverse branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof.
Growth period of spring 5-6 months in 2020: bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as the young sprout pulling period; for the first layer of horizontal main branches, bud picking is carried out on the side branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches as early as possible within 10cm from the trunk in the treetop stage, the fruit branches extracted from the main branches and the side branches are not processed, short sections of 10cm are reserved when the extracted bare-grown branches grow to 20-30 cm, and the fruit branches are promoted; for the horizontal main branches of the second layer, the main branches and the fruit branches extracted from the side branches of the main branches are not processed, and the extracted bare-grown branches are cut by 10cm when growing to 30-40 cm; respectively thinning and removing the spindly branches germinated on the inner trunk of the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof. The tree structure diagram of the spring shoot full bearing period in the third year is shown in fig. 5.
And (5) ending the fruit picking period in 7 months in 2020: adopting a hedge trimmer to perform short-cut on the cross sections of the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches at the positions 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches; cutting off the current-year branches at the positions of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches where the branches are absent by 3-5 cm; and removing the spindled branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof.
Growth period of autumn shoot germination in 2020, 8-9 months: and (4) thinning out spindly branches germinated on the main trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof in the crown, and not processing bearing branches.
(6) Shaping in the fourth year
The shaping method in 2021 is the same as the shaping method in the third year, the branch group structures of the first layer and the second layer are formed, and the tree form is cultured and shaped. The tree structure diagram of the spring shoot full bearing period in the fourth year is shown in fig. 6.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating a simplified wolfberry tree form is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting a hedge frame and planting nursery stocks: arranging supports at intervals in a planting row, drawing at least two frame wires between adjacent supports, binding an upright trunk fixing rod through the frame wires, planting medlar seedlings, and binding the trunks of the medlar seedlings on the trunk fixing rod to enable the medlar seedlings to grow upright;
(2) shaping in the first year: after the fixedly planted medlar seedlings survive, a strong branch cutting trunk is reserved on a trunk, 2 branches with strong growth vigor are reserved in branches which sprout under a cut, the branches are respectively bound on first frame wires on the left side and the right side of the trunk so as to culture a first layer of horizontal main branches, and the branches are cut after the first layer of horizontal main branches grow;
(3) shaping in the second year: a. before germination in spring: truncating the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches, and truncating the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches; b. growth period in spring: cutting the extracted spindly branches to promote fruiting branches; c. and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches; d. growing period of autumn shoot germination: selecting and reserving 1 bare-grown branch at a position, which is positioned above the first layer of horizontal main branches, on the trunk, binding the bare-grown branch on a trunk fixing rod, topping the trunk after the trunk grows to promote branching, selecting and reserving 2 strong branches, and respectively binding the branches on second frame wires at the left side and the right side of the trunk to culture a second layer of horizontal main branches;
(4) shaping in the third year and shaping in the fourth year: a. before germination in spring: truncating the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 biennial branches on the lateral branches growing horizontally and obliquely upwards, retracting the lateral branches growing obliquely downwards, and truncating the biennial branches on the back of the branch lacking position on the main branches; b. growth period in spring: for the first layer of horizontal main branches, the extracted spindly branches are cut short to promote bearing branches, and for the second layer of horizontal main branches, the extracted spindly branches are cut short to promote bearing branches; c. and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches, cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the main branches, shaping in the fourth year, and culturing and forming the tree shape.
2. The method for cultivating a simplified lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the distance between two adjacent scaffolds is 10.0 m; the height of the bracket is 2.4m, the bracket is buried underground by 0.6m and is fixed by pouring reinforced concrete; punching holes at positions 1.0m and 1.6m away from the ground on the support respectively and drawing the first wire frame and the second wire frame; punching holes at a position 0.4m away from the ground on the support and drawing a third frame wire for hanging the drip irrigation pipe; preferably, the support is a triangular iron support, the first frame wire, the second frame wire and the third frame wire are steel wires or iron wires, and the main fixing rod is a bamboo pole.
3. The simplified lycium barbarum tree form cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein lycium barbarum seedlings are planted in step (1) at a row spacing of 3.0m and a plant spacing of 0.8-1 m.
4. The method for cultivating a light simplified lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when shaping is carried out in the first year, a trunk is cut at a distance of 90-100 cm from the ground; and reserving a short section of 40-50 cm when the first layer of horizontal main branches grow to 60-70 cm long.
5. The method for cultivating a reduced lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the shaping in the first year further comprises: and (4) carrying out bud picking on the fruiting branches grown on the first layer of horizontal main branches in time without processing the grown spindly branches and the main branches below the fixed trunk height.
6. The method for cultivating a reduced lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), upon shaping in the second year,
before germination in spring: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections 20-25 cm away from the front and back of the first layer of horizontal main branches, and keeping 3-5 cm short sections of the biennial branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches;
growth period in spring: the extracted bare branches grow to be 20-30 cm long and are left with 5-10 cm short sections;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: cutting the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches on the cross sections 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the first layer of horizontal main branches, and cutting 3-5 cm away the current-year-old branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches;
growing period of autumn shoot germination: selecting and reserving 1 bare-grown branch at a position 1m away from the ground on the trunk to be bound on the trunk fixing rod, topping the branch when the branch grows to 1.5-1.6 m, and carrying out binding operation when the branch growth is promoted to 30-40 cm.
7. The method for cultivating a reduced lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the shaping in the second year further comprises:
before germination in spring: thinning weak branches, diseased residual branches, transverse branches and back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches;
growth period in spring: bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as the treetop period, the bearing branches extracted from the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches are not processed, and the spindly branches germinated from the trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches in the crown are respectively thinned;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: thinning the bare-rooted branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof;
growing period of autumn shoot germination: respectively thinning the spindly branches germinated on the main trunk, the first layer of horizontal main branch and the side branches in the crown, and not processing the bearing branches.
8. The method for cultivating a reduced lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), in the case of shaping in the third year and shaping in the fourth year,
before germination in spring: cutting short the lateral branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 20-30 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches, retracting the lateral branches growing downwards in an inclined mode by 5-10 cm, and cutting short the two-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm;
growth period in spring: for the first layer of horizontal main branches, 5-10 cm short sections are reserved when the extracted long-cut branches grow to be 20-30 cm long, and for the second layer of horizontal main branches, 5-10 cm short sections are reserved when the extracted long-cut branches grow to be 30-40 cm long;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: and (3) cutting the side branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches on the sections 30-40 cm away from the front and the back of the main branches, and cutting the current-year branches on the backs of the branch lacking positions of the first layer of horizontal main branches and the second layer of horizontal main branches by 3-5 cm.
9. The method for cultivating a reduced lycium barbarum tree form according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the shaping in the third year and the shaping in the fourth year further comprises:
before germination in spring: thinning and removing the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and the thin and weak branches, diseased residual branches, transverse branches and back lower branches on the lateral branches thereof;
growth period in spring: bud picking is carried out on the trunk as early as the treetop stage, bud picking is carried out on the lateral branches of the first layer of horizontal main branches as early as within 10cm from the trunk in the treetop stage, the fruit branches extracted from the main branches and the lateral branches are not processed for the second layer of horizontal main branches, and the main branches in the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof, and the overground branches germinated on the second layer of horizontal main branches and the lateral branches thereof are respectively thinned out;
and (5) finishing the fruit picking period: thinning the bare-rooted branches and the back lower branches on the first layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof, the second layer of horizontal main branches and the side branches thereof;
growing period of autumn shoot germination: and (4) thinning the main trunk in the crown, the first layer of horizontal main branches and side branches thereof, and the second layer of horizontal main branches and side branches thereof to form spindly branches without processing the bearing branches.
10. A simplified Lycium barbarum tree form obtained by the method for cultivating a simplified Lycium barbarum tree form according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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