CN113717770A - 一种金属加工油 - Google Patents
一种金属加工油 Download PDFInfo
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- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/34—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon only
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低气味环保型金属加工油组合物，其组合物组分和含量按质量百分比为：油性剂0.1‑10％；极压剂0.1‑10％；防锈剂2‑11％；抗油雾剂0.1‑1％；离子液体0.1‑10％；基础油余量；本发明的特点是用矿物油为基础油，通过胆碱硫辛酸离子液体复配体系、不同碱值磺酸钙复配体系，开发了一种环境友好型、低气味、不含氯磷元素、具有优异的极压润滑性能、良好的使用寿命且长效防锈性能的金属加工油组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种润滑油组合物，特别是适用于一种金属加工过程的润滑剂的组合物。
背景技术
金属加工油是一种应用于金属加工过程中，例如金属切削、磨削、冲压、拉拔等金属加工过程中在刀具与加工件之间起润滑、冷却作用的液体，是由基础油添加多种助剂经科学复配而成，具备良好的润滑性能、冷却性能、防锈性能等特点。选择合适的金属切削油对减少切削加工时金属表面的摩擦、降低刀具和切屑的粘着、减小工件的热变形、保持加工精度、提高刀具的耐用度及生产效率有着十分重要的作用。
但是金属加工油在使用过程中也存在以下多种问题：一，许多金属加工油使用含氯、或含磷的添加剂作为极压剂组分，但是含氯、磷的金属加工油在后续处理时，对环境带来极大的毒性和危害，许多国家已限制使用含氯、磷的添加剂。但是由于含氯、磷添加剂的价格便宜，目前在金属加工油配方中仍大量使用；二，许多金属加工油使用含有不饱和键的植物油脂作为油性剂，这些油脂容易氧化变质，导致切削油酸值增加、产生胶状物、堵塞过滤网、机床部件产生锈蚀、影响机床的加工精度和加工效率、并缩短切削油的使用寿命；三，市售的产品普遍存在油液气味大，油雾量大，给生产过程带来了极大的安全隐患；四，常用金属加工油产品具有有限的防锈性能，无法为工件提供长期的防锈保护，仅仅能提供短暂的工序间防锈效果。
关于环保型切削油的相关报道很多，CN103242941A公开了一种环保切削油，主要有合成酯、聚а烯烃、脂肪醇等组成，所述产品可生物降解，对人体和生态环境无毒无害，符合相关环境指标要求。但其配方中不含极压剂，极压润滑性、防锈性能有限，不能满足载荷较大的加工，或加工后工件长期防锈的要求。CN106350164B公布了环境友好型的切削油，主要由不含氯的极压剂、改性植物油等组成，具有易生物降解、极压润滑性能优异的特点，但其油品使用寿命、对工件的防锈周期均有限。
随着我国机械制造工业飞速发展，机加工企业对金属加工油的要求越来越高，国家对环境、健康、安全越来越重视。一种环境友好型、低气味、低油雾、不含氯磷元素、具有优异的极压润滑性能、油品具有长的使用寿命、且具有长效防锈性能的金属加工油是该领域内亟待解决的一项技术难题。
发明内容
针对技术背景所提出的问题和现有技术方案的不足，本发明提出一种环境友好型、低气味、低油雾、不含氯磷元素、具有优异的极压润滑性能、油品具有较长的使用寿命、且具有长效防锈性能的金属加工油组合物。
本发明提出技术方案如下：该低气味环保型金属加工油组合物组分和含量按质量百分比为：油性润滑剂0.1-10％；极压剂0.1-10％；防锈剂2-11％；抗油雾剂0.1-1％；离子液体0.1-10％；基础油余量；
为实现上述目的，本发明创造性的使用离子液体作为金属加工油的润滑剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂。优选的，所述离子液体为胆碱硫辛酸离子液体，具有如下结构：
所述的胆碱硫辛酸离子液体具有以下特点：(1)液态温度范围广，胆碱硫辛酸离子液体在300℃以上仍能保持液体状态，稳定性高，具有极低的挥发性，无气味，不可燃，从而保证油品无气味，且具有低挥发度；(2)具有优异的抗氧化作用，且溶解能力强，能够有效分散，增溶油品使用过程由于老化产生的油泥、焦化物等杂质，使得油品具有长久的使用寿命；(3)具有优异的油膜强度，能够为油品提供优异的润滑性能和长效的防锈性能。其在金属磨损表面由于静电力作用发生很强的物理吸附，使得油膜稳定、紧密，为油品提供优异的润滑性能和持久的防锈性能。在较高温度下易同摩擦副表面发生摩擦化学作用，形成具有较高承载能力和抗磨性能的边界润滑膜，从而有效地起极压润滑作用。
本发明所述的基础油组分，为矿物型基础油，主要作为添加剂的载体，优选为精制的10号变压器油、-40变压器油、-35变压器油、-30变压器油、精制石蜡基基础油60N、70N、100N、150N、150SN、400SN中的至少一种。
本发明所述的油性润滑剂组分，优选为妥尔油脂肪酸、油酸、C21二元酸中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的极压剂组分，优选为硫化动物油、硫化甘油三酯、硫化烯烃、硫化脂肪酸甲酯中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的防锈剂组分，优选为低碱值磺酸钙、高碱值磺酸钙的比例复配。磺酸钙能够有效的分散油品使用过程产生的油泥、焦化物等杂质，使油品保持良好的状态。并且其中低碱值磺酸钙能够为油品提供优异的防锈性能，高碱值磺酸钙能够与极压添加剂协同作用，增强油品的极压润滑性能。特别优选的，低碱值磺酸钙与高碱值磺酸钙比例范围为：1:80～8:1。
本发明所述的抗油雾剂，优选为聚异丁烯，平均分子量≥1500，特别优选的为PIB6240。
本发明的增益效果：
本发明使用胆碱硫辛酸离子液体作为金属加工油的润滑剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂。并通过磺酸钙类添加剂的复配增强金属加工油的防锈性能、极压润滑性能、清净分散性能。制备的油品具有以下特点：
(1)本发明的金属加工油，所选用的离子液体为极低挥发度添加剂，产品具有极低气味。且产品具有低油雾特点，为机加工企业工人创造健康、安全的工作环境。
(2)本发明的金属加工油产品中不含氯、磷等有毒、对环境有害且难以降解的添加剂组分，属环境友好型产品方案。易于对废油品的后处理。
(3)本发明的金属加工油产品具有优异的润滑性，能够更好地保护刀具，提升刀具工作效率，延长刀具寿命。
(4)本发明的金属加工油同时具有优异的防锈封存性能，在工件加工后能够为工件提供长期的封存防锈保护。
(5)本发明的金属加工油具有优异的抗氧化性能，能够延长油品的使用寿命，降低机加工企业的油品使用成本。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本发明所述的低气味环保型金属加工润滑剂的调和过程如下：
(1)各组分按配比分别计量待用；
(2)将基础油投入到调和釜中，搅拌升温至40-50℃；
(3)投入防锈剂、抗油雾剂搅拌20-30min；
(4)后依次投入极压抗磨剂、润滑剂和离子液体，上述各组分每添加一种组分后均搅拌20-30min至完全洛解，然后再加入下一种组分；
(5)所有组分全部投入完毕后，温度保持在40-50℃搅拌1h以上；
(6)采用精度为3μm的袋式过滤器过滤，包装入库。
实施例1
在本实施例中，各组分以及添加量见下表1：
表1
按照上述调制过程生产。
实施例2
在本实施例中，各组分以及添加量见下表2：
表2
按照上述调制过程生产。
实施例3
在本实施例中，各组分以及添加量见下表3：
表3
按照上述调制过程生产。
实施例4
在本实施例中，各组分以及添加量见下表4：
表4
按照上述调制过程生产。
实施例5
在本实施例中，各组分以及添加量见下表5：
表5
按照上述调制过程生产。
实施例6
在本实施例中，各组分以及添加量见下表6：
表6
按照上述调制过程生产。
对比例1
对比例1为实施例6中，不添加胆碱硫辛酸离子液体方案，各组分以及添加量见下表7：
表7
按照上述调制过程生产。
对比例2
对比例2为实施例6中，不添加低碱值磺酸钙方案，各组分以及添加量见下表8：
表8
按照上述调制过程生产。
对比例3
对比例3为实施例6中，不添加高碱值磺酸钙方案，各组分以及添加量见下表9：
表9
按照上述调制过程生产。
对比例4
对比例4为市售普通金属加工油。
测试方法说明，重要的油品性能测试方法均为现行标准方法：油品的使用寿命，采用旋转氧弹(150℃)法(标准方法ASTM D2272)；油品的极压润滑性采用四球试验机测试PB值(标准方法GB/T3142)；油品的防锈性能测试方法为湿热试验(A级)(标准方法GB/T2361)、液相锈蚀(标准方法ASTM D665B)和盐雾试验(A级)(标准方法SH/T0081)。性能测试结果如下表10：
表10
由以上结果可以看出，本发明的金属加工油具有优异的润滑、防锈、抗氧化性能，油品具有较长使用寿命，较长的防锈期，同时也是低气味、环保型金属加工油。
Claims (9)
1.一种金属加工油，其特征在于，其组分和含量按质量百分比为：油性润滑剂0.1-10％；极压剂0.1-10％；防锈剂2-11％；抗油雾剂0.1-1％；离子液体0.1-10％；基础油余量；
其中，所述离子液体为胆碱硫辛酸离子液体，具有如下结构：
2.如权利要求1所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述油性润滑剂为妥尔油脂肪酸、油酸和C21二元酸中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述极压剂为硫化动物油、硫化甘油三酯、硫化烯烃和硫化脂肪酸甲酯中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述防锈剂为低碱值磺酸钙与高碱值磺酸钙的比例复配。
5.如权利要求4所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述低碱值磺酸钙与高碱值磺酸钙比例为1:80～8:1。
6.如权利要求1所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述抗油雾剂为聚异丁烯，平均分子量≥1500。
7.如权利要求6所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述抗油雾剂为PIB6240。
8.如权利要求1所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述基础油为矿物型基础油。
9.如权利要求8所述的金属加工油，其特征在于，所述基础油为精制的10号变压器油、-40变压器油、-35变压器油、-30变压器油、精制石蜡基基础油60N、70N、100N、150N、150SN、400SN中的至少一种。
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