CN113711834A - Apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate - Google Patents
Apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113711834A CN113711834A CN202111133336.1A CN202111133336A CN113711834A CN 113711834 A CN113711834 A CN 113711834A CN 202111133336 A CN202111133336 A CN 202111133336A CN 113711834 A CN113711834 A CN 113711834A
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance, which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting soil; step 2, processing fruit seedlings; step 3, planting fruit trees; step 4, applying a fertilizer; step 5, finishing; step 6, resisting diseases and insects: after the fruit trees are planted, the tree trunks of the whole fruit trees are sprayed with the disease-resistant insecticide, and then the fruit trees are sprayed once every month until the fruit trees are finally harvested. The invention discloses an apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance, which aims at the condition that diseases often occur in the apple tree planting process at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting, in particular to an apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance.
Background
The apple is a fruit of a plant of the genus Malus of the family Rosaceae, belongs to deciduous trees, has oval leaves, sawteeth and spherical fruits, is sweet in taste, is a common fruit, is the crown of four fruits in the world, can be red, yellow or green in color, contains various acids such as malic acid, quinic acid, citric acid and the like, also contains various vitamins and various trace elements, and has the functions of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, clearing heat and relieving restlessness, and invigorating stomach and promoting digestion.
In order to prevent plant diseases and insect pests in the existing apple planting method, chemical pesticides are often used in the apple planting process. The great and unreasonable application of chemical pesticides can cause pollution and damage to the ecological environment, pesticide residues with different degrees can be left in apple fruits, the quality and the taste of apples are seriously affected, and serious harm is brought to human health.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that a great amount and unreasonable application of chemical pesticides in the prior art can cause pollution and damage to the ecological environment, pesticide residues with different degrees can be left in apple fruits, the quality and the taste of apples are seriously influenced, and serious harm is brought to human health, the invention aims to provide a method for planting apple trees with improved disease resistance,
the purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil selection:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage, spraying quicklime, deep ploughing and weeding, and then applying a base fertilizer to obtain the treated soil;
step 2, processing fruit seedlings:
selecting apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs, trimming and finishing the roots, and soaking the roots for 20-24 hours by using a nutrient solution to obtain treated fruit seedlings;
step 3, planting fruit trees:
firstly, the treated soil is irrigated until the water content is higher than 50%, then the treated fruit seedlings are planted, the soil is compacted after landfill, and then watering is carried out to complete planting;
step 4, applying a fertilizer:
after planting for 1-2 months, digging a circle of annular ditch around the trunk of the fruit tree by taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center of a circle, applying fertilizer in the ditch, backfilling soil, and compacting to finish fertilizing;
and 5, finishing:
slightly pruning the planted apple trees on the basis of reserving at least 5-7 main branches to ensure the normal growth of the main branches, and reserving 2-4 new branches which sprout out for each main branch during pinching;
step 6, resisting diseases and insects:
after the fruit trees are planted, the tree trunks of the whole fruit trees are sprayed with the disease-resistant insecticide, and then the fruit trees are sprayed once every month until the fruit trees are finally harvested.
Preferably, in the step 1, the thickness of the deep ploughing soil is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, in the step 1, the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of human and animal excrement, 30-50 parts of urea, 20-40 parts of charcoal powder, 12-18 parts of plant straw powder, 10-15 parts of humic leaves, 5-10 parts of beet pulp, 6-12 parts of potassium calcium magnesium sulfate and 5-8 parts of monoammonium phosphate.
Preferably, in the step 2, the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of water, 0.24-0.36 part of ABT1 rooting powder, 0.12-0.25 part of indolebutyric acid and 3-8 parts of preservative.
Preferably, in the step 3, the planting row spacing of the fruit seedlings is 3-4 meters, and the planting spacing is 1.5-2 meters.
Preferably, in the step 4, the application amount of the fertilizer per fruit tree is 0.4-0.6 kg.
Preferably, in the step 4, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of compound fertilizer and 2-5 parts of urea.
Preferably, in the step 6, the spraying amount of the anti-pest agent is 1-1.5 kg/plant.
Preferably, in step 6, the preparation method of the anti-pest agent comprises:
s1, weighing flavonoid glycoside, adding the flavonoid glycoside into deionized water, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring until the flavonoid glycoside is completely dissolved to obtain a flavonoid glycoside solution; wherein the mass ratio of the flavonoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 20-30;
s2, weighing acrylamide, mixing with deionized water, stirring to completely dissolve, adding N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, stirring again to dissolve, and sequentially adding dibenzoyl peroxide and tetramethylethylenediamine to obtain a mixed reaction solution A; wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and deionized water is 1: 0.2-0.4: 10-15, and the mass ratio of dibenzoyl peroxide, tetramethylethylenediamine and acrylamide is 1-3: 4-8: 100;
s3, weighing the mixed reaction liquid A, slowly adding the mixed reaction liquid A into a flavonoid glycoside solution, fully and uniformly mixing, irradiating by using an ultraviolet lamp, filtering, drying under reduced pressure, and crushing to obtain a solid reactant B; wherein the mass ratio of the mixed reaction liquid A to the flavonoid glycoside solution is 1: 1.2-1.5;
s4, placing the solid reactant B in the Bordeaux mixture, uniformly mixing by using ultrasonic waves, and standing for 5-10 hours to obtain the anti-disease and anti-insect agent; wherein in the Bordeaux mixture, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1: 100; the mass ratio of the solid reactant B to the Bordeaux mixture is 1: 20-50.
Preferably, the irradiation wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 375nm, and the irradiation time is 3-5 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses an apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance, which aims at the condition that diseases often occur in the apple tree planting process at present.
The method used by the invention is improved on the basis of the existing planting method of the apple trees, firstly, the loosening of the planting land and the application of base fertilizer are emphasized before planting, so that the soil is more fertile, the root growth of the apple trees is facilitated, the root is firmer, and the later disease resistance is stronger; secondly, the planting distance and the pruning of branches are emphasized in the planting process, so that the illumination can be more sufficient, and the branches can thrive; then, after planting, the fruit trees are treated with disease and pest resistance, and self-made disease and pest resistance agents are used, so that the fruit trees are prevented from being attacked by diseases in the growth and fruiting processes.
The base fertilizer applied by the invention uses natural plant fertilizers such as charcoal powder, plant straw powder, humic leaves, beet pulp and the like besides conventional excrement and urea, so that the base fertilizer is more environment-friendly and can provide sufficient nutrients for apple trees, and in addition, potassium sulfate calcium magnesium and monoammonium phosphate are added to further supplement element nutrients.
The self-made disease-resistant insecticide is prepared by taking Bordeaux mixture as a base solution and adding gel components formed by flavonoid glycoside, acrylamide and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide. The flavonoid glycoside has strong antibacterial and antioxidant effects, acrylamide and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide are polymerized under the action of dibenzoyl peroxide and tetramethylethylenediamine to form a polymer material, the polymer material wraps the flavonoid glycoside to form hydrogel, the hydrogel is placed in the Bordeaux mixture after being dried under reduced pressure, the hydrogel can adsorb a large amount of effective components (copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and calcium hydroxide) of the Bordeaux mixture, after the hydrogel is sprayed on a trunk, the hydrogel can be adsorbed on the trunk, and the effective components of the flavonoid glycoside and the Bordeaux mixture can be gradually volatilized in a humid environment, so that the long-acting disease and pest resisting effect is achieved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
An apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil selection:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage, spraying quicklime, deep ploughing and weeding, and then applying a base fertilizer to obtain the treated soil; wherein the thickness of the deep ploughing soil is 40 cm; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of human and animal manure, 40 parts of urea, 30 parts of charcoal powder, 16 parts of plant straw powder, 12 parts of humic leaves, 8 parts of beet pulp, 10 parts of potassium calcium magnesium sulfate and 7 parts of monoammonium phosphate;
step 2, processing fruit seedlings:
selecting apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs, trimming and finishing the roots, and soaking the roots for 20-24 hours by using a nutrient solution to obtain treated fruit seedlings; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.32 part of ABT1 rooting powder, 0.18 part of indolebutyric acid and 5 parts of preservative;
step 3, planting fruit trees:
firstly, the treated soil is irrigated until the water content is higher than 50%, then the treated fruit seedlings are planted, the soil is compacted after landfill, and then watering is carried out to complete planting; wherein the planting row spacing of the fruit seedlings is 3.5 meters, and the planting spacing is 1.8 meters;
step 4, applying a fertilizer:
after planting for 1.5 months, digging a circle of annular ditch around the trunk of the fruit tree by taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center of a circle, applying fertilizer in the ditch, backfilling soil, and compacting to finish fertilizing; wherein the application amount of the fertilizer for each fruit tree is 0.5 kg; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of compound fertilizer and 3 parts of urea;
and 5, finishing:
slightly pruning the planted apple trees on the basis of reserving at least 5-7 main branches to ensure the normal growth of the main branches, and reserving 2-4 new branches which sprout out for each main branch during pinching;
step 6, resisting diseases and insects:
spraying the disease-resistant insecticide on the trunks of the whole fruit tree after the fruit tree is planted, and then spraying the disease-resistant insecticide once every month until the fruit tree is finally harvested; wherein the spraying amount of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent is 1.2 kg/plant.
In step 6, the preparation method of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing flavonoid glycoside, adding the flavonoid glycoside into deionized water, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring until the flavonoid glycoside is completely dissolved to obtain a flavonoid glycoside solution; wherein the mass ratio of the flavonoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 25;
s2, weighing acrylamide, mixing with deionized water, stirring to completely dissolve, adding N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, stirring again to dissolve, and sequentially adding dibenzoyl peroxide and tetramethylethylenediamine to obtain a mixed reaction solution A; wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and deionized water is 1:0.3:12, and the mass ratio of dibenzoyl peroxide, tetramethyl ethylenediamine and acrylamide is 2:6: 100;
s3, weighing the mixed reaction liquid A, slowly adding the mixed reaction liquid A into a flavonoid glycoside solution, fully and uniformly mixing, irradiating by using an ultraviolet lamp, filtering, drying under reduced pressure, and crushing to obtain a solid reactant B; wherein the mass ratio of the mixed reaction liquid A to the flavonoid glycoside solution is 1: 1.3; the irradiation wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 375nm, and the irradiation time is 4 min;
s4, placing the solid reactant B in the Bordeaux mixture, uniformly mixing by ultrasonic waves, and standing for 8 hours to obtain the disease-resistant and insect-repellent agent; wherein in the Bordeaux mixture, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1: 100; the mass ratio of the solid reactant B to the Bordeaux mixture was 1: 35.
Example 2
An apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil selection:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage, spraying quicklime, deep ploughing and weeding, and then applying a base fertilizer to obtain the treated soil; wherein the thickness of the deep ploughing soil is 30 cm; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of human and animal manure, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of charcoal powder, 12 parts of plant straw powder, 10 parts of humic leaves, 5 parts of beet pulp, 6 parts of potassium sulfate calcium magnesium and 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate;
step 2, processing fruit seedlings:
selecting apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs, trimming and finishing the roots, and soaking the roots for 20-24 hours by using a nutrient solution to obtain treated fruit seedlings; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.24 part of ABT1 rooting powder, 0.12 part of indolebutyric acid and 3 parts of preservative;
step 3, planting fruit trees:
firstly, the treated soil is irrigated until the water content is higher than 50%, then the treated fruit seedlings are planted, the soil is compacted after landfill, and then watering is carried out to complete planting; wherein the planting row spacing of the fruit seedlings is 3 meters, and the planting spacing is 1.5 meters;
step 4, applying a fertilizer:
after planting for 1 month, digging a circle of annular ditch around the trunk of the fruit tree by taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center of a circle, applying fertilizer in the ditch, backfilling soil, and compacting to finish fertilizing; wherein the application amount of the fertilizer for each fruit tree is 0.4 kg; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of compound fertilizer and 2 parts of urea;
and 5, finishing:
slightly pruning the planted apple trees on the basis of reserving at least 5-7 main branches to ensure the normal growth of the main branches, and reserving 2-4 new branches which sprout out for each main branch during pinching;
step 6, resisting diseases and insects:
spraying the disease-resistant insecticide on the trunks of the whole fruit tree after the fruit tree is planted, and then spraying the disease-resistant insecticide once every month until the fruit tree is finally harvested; wherein the spraying amount of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent is 1 kg/plant.
In step 6, the preparation method of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing flavonoid glycoside, adding the flavonoid glycoside into deionized water, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring until the flavonoid glycoside is completely dissolved to obtain a flavonoid glycoside solution; wherein the mass ratio of the flavonoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 20;
s2, weighing acrylamide, mixing with deionized water, stirring to completely dissolve, adding N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, stirring again to dissolve, and sequentially adding dibenzoyl peroxide and tetramethylethylenediamine to obtain a mixed reaction solution A; wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and deionized water is 1:0.2:10, and the mass ratio of dibenzoyl peroxide, tetramethyl ethylenediamine and acrylamide is 1:4: 100;
s3, weighing the mixed reaction liquid A, slowly adding the mixed reaction liquid A into a flavonoid glycoside solution, fully and uniformly mixing, irradiating by using an ultraviolet lamp, filtering, drying under reduced pressure, and crushing to obtain a solid reactant B; wherein the mass ratio of the mixed reaction liquid A to the flavonoid glycoside solution is 1: 1.2; the irradiation wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 375nm, and the irradiation time is 3 min;
s4, placing the solid reactant B in the Bordeaux mixture, uniformly mixing by ultrasonic waves, and standing for 5 hours to obtain the disease-resistant and insect-repellent agent; wherein in the Bordeaux mixture, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1: 100; the mass ratio of the solid reactant B to the Bordeaux mixture was 1: 20.
Example 3
An apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil selection:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage, spraying quicklime, deep ploughing and weeding, and then applying a base fertilizer to obtain the treated soil; wherein the thickness of the deep ploughing soil is 50 cm; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of human and animal manure, 50 parts of urea, 40 parts of charcoal powder, 18 parts of plant straw powder, 15 parts of humic leaves, 10 parts of beet pulp, 12 parts of potassium sulfate calcium magnesium and 8 parts of monoammonium phosphate;
step 2, processing fruit seedlings:
selecting apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs, trimming and finishing the roots, and soaking the roots for 20-24 hours by using a nutrient solution to obtain treated fruit seedlings; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.36 part of ABT1 rooting powder, 0.25 part of indolebutyric acid and 8 parts of preservative;
step 3, planting fruit trees:
firstly, the treated soil is irrigated until the water content is higher than 50%, then the treated fruit seedlings are planted, the soil is compacted after landfill, and then watering is carried out to complete planting; wherein the planting row spacing of the fruit seedlings is 4 meters, and the planting spacing is 2 meters;
step 4, applying a fertilizer:
after planting for 2 months, digging a circle of annular ditch around the trunk of the fruit tree by taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center of a circle, applying fertilizer in the ditch, backfilling soil, and compacting to finish fertilizing; wherein the application amount of the fertilizer for each fruit tree is 0.6 kg; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 parts of urea;
and 5, finishing:
slightly pruning the planted apple trees on the basis of reserving at least 5-7 main branches to ensure the normal growth of the main branches, and reserving 2-4 new branches which sprout out for each main branch during pinching;
step 6, resisting diseases and insects:
spraying the disease-resistant insecticide on the trunks of the whole fruit tree after the fruit tree is planted, and then spraying the disease-resistant insecticide once every month until the fruit tree is finally harvested; wherein the spraying amount of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent is 1.5 kg/plant.
In step 6, the preparation method of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing flavonoid glycoside, adding the flavonoid glycoside into deionized water, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring until the flavonoid glycoside is completely dissolved to obtain a flavonoid glycoside solution; wherein the mass ratio of the flavonoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 30;
s2, weighing acrylamide, mixing with deionized water, stirring to completely dissolve, adding N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, stirring again to dissolve, and sequentially adding dibenzoyl peroxide and tetramethylethylenediamine to obtain a mixed reaction solution A; wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and deionized water is 1:0.4:15, and the mass ratio of dibenzoyl peroxide, tetramethyl ethylenediamine and acrylamide is 3:8: 100;
s3, weighing the mixed reaction liquid A, slowly adding the mixed reaction liquid A into a flavonoid glycoside solution, fully and uniformly mixing, irradiating by using an ultraviolet lamp, filtering, drying under reduced pressure, and crushing to obtain a solid reactant B; wherein the mass ratio of the mixed reaction liquid A to the flavonoid glycoside solution is 1: 1.5; the irradiation wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 375nm, and the irradiation time is 5 min;
s4, placing the solid reactant B in the Bordeaux mixture, uniformly mixing by ultrasonic waves, and standing for 10 hours to obtain the disease-resistant and insect-repellent agent; wherein in the Bordeaux mixture, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1: 100; the mass ratio of the solid reactant B to the Bordeaux mixture was 1: 50.
Comparative example
An apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil selection:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage, spraying quicklime, deep ploughing and weeding, and then applying a base fertilizer to obtain the treated soil; wherein the thickness of the deep ploughing soil is 40 cm; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of human and animal manure, 40 parts of urea, 30 parts of charcoal powder, 16 parts of plant straw powder, 12 parts of humic leaves, 8 parts of beet pulp, 10 parts of potassium calcium magnesium sulfate and 7 parts of monoammonium phosphate;
step 2, processing fruit seedlings:
selecting apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs, trimming and finishing the roots, and soaking the roots for 20-24 hours by using a nutrient solution to obtain treated fruit seedlings; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.32 part of ABT1 rooting powder, 0.18 part of indolebutyric acid and 5 parts of preservative;
step 3, planting fruit trees:
firstly, the treated soil is irrigated until the water content is higher than 50%, then the treated fruit seedlings are planted, the soil is compacted after landfill, and then watering is carried out to complete planting; wherein the planting row spacing of the fruit seedlings is 3.5 meters, and the planting spacing is 1.8 meters;
step 4, applying a fertilizer:
after planting for 1.5 months, digging a circle of annular ditch around the trunk of the fruit tree by taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center of a circle, applying fertilizer in the ditch, backfilling soil, and compacting to finish fertilizing; wherein the application amount of the fertilizer for each fruit tree is 0.5 kg; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of compound fertilizer and 3 parts of urea;
and 5, finishing:
slightly pruning the planted apple trees on the basis of reserving at least 5-7 main branches to ensure the normal growth of the main branches, and reserving 2-4 new branches which sprout out for each main branch during pinching;
step 6, resisting diseases and insects:
spraying Bordeaux mixture on the trunks of the whole fruit trees after the fruit trees are planted, and then spraying the Bordeaux mixture once every month until the trunks are finally harvested; wherein the spraying amount of the Bordeaux mixture is 1.2 kg/plant, and the mass ratio of copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide and water in the Bordeaux mixture is 1:1: 100.
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the following experiment is also carried out, the apple trees are planted in local orchards, 100 apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs and basically equal height are selected, the apple seedlings are divided into four areas on the same piece of land (respectively marked as example 1, example 2, example 3 and a comparative example), 25 apple seedlings are planted in each area, the four areas are planted according to the planting methods in examples 1-3 and the comparative example, sufficient illumination and watering are kept, after the apples are finally ripe, the survival rate of the apple seedlings, the yield of the apples, the fruiting rate and the disease rate of the fruit trees in the planting process are counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 results of different methods for planting apple trees
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example | |
| Survival rate of apple seedlings (%) | 96 | 92 | 96 | 88 |
| Percentage of fruit hanging (%) | 93 | 91 | 94 | 85 |
| Average yield (jin/plant) | 325 | 307 | 342 | 253 |
| Incidence of disease during planting (%) | 12 | 20 | 16 | 48 |
As is apparent from Table 1, the planting methods of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention have a higher fruit bearing rate, a higher average fruit yield, and a lower incidence of diseases during planting.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The apple tree planting method for improving the disease resistance rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, soil selection:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage, spraying quicklime, deep ploughing and weeding, and then applying a base fertilizer to obtain the treated soil;
step 2, processing fruit seedlings:
selecting apple seedlings with uniformly distributed root hairs, trimming and finishing the roots, and soaking the roots for 20-24 hours by using a nutrient solution to obtain treated fruit seedlings;
step 3, planting fruit trees:
firstly, the treated soil is irrigated until the water content is higher than 50%, then the treated fruit seedlings are planted, the soil is compacted after landfill, and then watering is carried out to complete planting;
step 4, applying a fertilizer:
after planting for 1-2 months, digging a circle of annular ditch around the trunk of the fruit tree by taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center of a circle, applying fertilizer in the ditch, backfilling soil, and compacting to finish fertilizing;
and 5, finishing:
slightly pruning the planted apple trees on the basis of reserving at least 5-7 main branches to ensure the normal growth of the main branches, and reserving 2-4 new branches which sprout out for each main branch during pinching;
step 6, resisting diseases and insects:
after the fruit trees are planted, the tree trunks of the whole fruit trees are sprayed with the disease-resistant insecticide, and then the fruit trees are sprayed once every month until the fruit trees are finally harvested.
2. The apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the thickness of deep ploughing soil is 30-50 cm.
3. The apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of human and animal excrement, 30-50 parts of urea, 20-40 parts of charcoal powder, 12-18 parts of plant straw powder, 10-15 parts of humic leaves, 5-10 parts of beet pulp, 6-12 parts of potassium calcium magnesium sulfate and 5-8 parts of monoammonium phosphate.
4. The apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the row spacing of the fruit seedlings is 3-4 m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
5. The apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the application amount of fertilizer per fruit tree is 0.4-0.6 kg.
6. The apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance rate according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of compound fertilizer and 2-5 parts of urea.
7. The apple tree planting method for improving disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the spraying amount of the disease and insect resistant agent is 1-1.5 kg/plant.
8. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the preparation method of the anti-disease and anti-insect agent comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing flavonoid glycoside, adding the flavonoid glycoside into deionized water, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring until the flavonoid glycoside is completely dissolved to obtain a flavonoid glycoside solution; wherein the mass ratio of the flavonoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 20-30;
s2, weighing acrylamide, mixing with deionized water, stirring to completely dissolve, adding N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, stirring again to dissolve, and sequentially adding dibenzoyl peroxide and tetramethylethylenediamine to obtain a mixed reaction solution A; wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and deionized water is 1: 0.2-0.4: 10-15, and the mass ratio of dibenzoyl peroxide, tetramethylethylenediamine and acrylamide is 1-3: 4-8: 100;
s3, weighing the mixed reaction liquid A, slowly adding the mixed reaction liquid A into a flavonoid glycoside solution, fully and uniformly mixing, irradiating by using an ultraviolet lamp, filtering, drying under reduced pressure, and crushing to obtain a solid reactant B; wherein the mass ratio of the mixed reaction liquid A to the flavonoid glycoside solution is 1: 1.2-1.5;
s4, placing the solid reactant B in the Bordeaux mixture, uniformly mixing by using ultrasonic waves, and standing for 5-10 hours to obtain the anti-disease and anti-insect agent; wherein in the Bordeaux mixture, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1: 100; the mass ratio of the solid reactant B to the Bordeaux mixture is 1: 20-50.
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