CN113704851B - BIM model conversion method based on point cloud - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM model conversion method based on point cloud, which particularly relates to the technical field of building model construction and comprises the following steps: step one, establishing a measuring station: taking each independent room in the building to be tested as a measuring station according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, and sequentially marking each measuring station; step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, measuring the room represented by each measuring station in sequence by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the measured object mainly comprises eight right angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the room; step three, acquiring indoor article point cloud data; and fourthly, processing point cloud data. According to the invention, the interior space of the building to be modeled is fully divided, the number of point clouds to be measured is simplified by taking each room as a measurement unit, and the same objects are uniformly measured and modeled, so that repeated work can be avoided, the workload is reduced, and the time is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building model construction, in particular to a BIM model conversion method based on point cloud.
Background
With the development of the visualization technology and the appearance of the laser scanning technology, the three-dimensional modeling by utilizing the point cloud data in the visualization modeling of the modern building has become the mainstream of development. The point cloud technology is a spatial position information acquisition technology, which acquires discrete point information of a scanned object through technologies such as laser, photographing and the like, and expresses a spatial morphological network of an object by using the discrete point information of the spatial object. The point cloud is a data set of points in a certain coordinate system, and the points contain rich information including three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z), colors, classification values, intensity values, time and the like. BIM is a digital expression of physical and functional characteristics of a building, and provides reliable information sharing and knowledge resources for the whole life cycle of the building from the birth of the building; the BIM technology is implemented by the idea of establishing database information covering the whole life cycle of the building engineering project, and realizing information integration and sharing among different professions at different stages in the building engineering project; the BIM concept is the direct application of digital technology in the construction project, so as to solve the description problem of each stage of the construction project in software, enable designers and engineering technicians to make correct judgment on various construction information, and provide a solid foundation for cooperative work.
The maturation of the point cloud technology provides a new idea for the development of BIM technology. The basis of BIM technology is a model throughout the life of a building. The inconvenience and the error of the artificial modeling make the application prospect of the point cloud technology considerable. Taking old building reconstruction as an example, a great amount of errors are necessarily existed in the manually established old building information model, and the model establishment period is long. But combining the three-dimensional laser scanner, three-dimensional point cloud information of the building can be rapidly and accurately obtained, the information is reversely modeled and is imported into BIM software, project cost can be greatly saved, and a designer is helped to complete the reconstruction design task more rapidly and efficiently. The point cloud technology has great potential in assisting BIM modeling. And when the requirements of large-scale engineering and batch products are met, the construction of the BIM product library is promoted by utilizing the point cloud technology for solid modeling. The point cloud technology is combined with the product library, so that product information can be accurately mastered, and all related parties in the whole life cycle of the building can be helped to finish planning tasks and engineering targets by utilizing BIM better.
However, in the prior art, when the BIM three-dimensional model is created by applying the point cloud data, a large amount of point cloud data is often required to be processed, most of the point cloud data are messy, the processing workload is large, time and labor are wasted, and in addition, the acquisition of a large amount of point cloud data is time-consuming and heavy in workload.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the BIM conversion method based on the point cloud provided by the invention has the advantages that the interior space of a building to be modeled is fully divided, the quantity of the point cloud to be measured is simplified by taking each room as a measurement unit, and the same object is uniformly measured and modeled, so that repeated work can be avoided, the workload is reduced, the time is saved, and the problems of large workload and time waste caused by the fact that the quantity of the point cloud data is large in the prior art are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a BIM model conversion method based on point cloud comprises the following steps:
Step one, establishing a measuring station: taking each independent room in the building to be tested as a measuring station according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, and sequentially marking each measuring station;
Step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, measuring a room represented by each measuring station in sequence by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the measured object mainly comprises eight right angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the room, the space size of the indoor room is determined by measuring the right angle points, the door frame and the window frame are measured for determining the distribution of doors and windows in the room, the mobile communication system is utilized to upload data to the processing center during measurement, then the processing center needs to store the point cloud data of each measuring station independently, and the stored data needs to be ordered according to the marks of the measuring stations;
Step three, acquiring indoor article point cloud data: firstly, researching and analyzing articles in a building according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, finding out the same articles such as pipelines, lamps, doors and windows of rooms represented by each station, and then finding out the unique articles in each room; secondly, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, selecting a room with a first label as a representative, measuring articles shared by the room and other rooms by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, uploading measured data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system, and then storing the received data by the processing center independently; finally, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, measuring the unique articles in each measuring station according to the marks in the first step, and uploading the measured results to a processing center through a mobile communication system in the measuring process and needing to be stored separately;
Step four, processing point cloud data: coordinate conversion is carried out on the point cloud data of each measuring station obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates based on the three-dimensional laser scanner is converted into space point cloud data under space coordinates required by modeling software Revit;
Fifthly, creating a BIM model: firstly, reading point cloud data processed in the fourth step by using modeling software Revit, and independently storing the data under different measuring stations; then, drawing a three-dimensional model based on the indoor frame point cloud model on each measuring station to draw an internal room three-dimensional model under different measuring stations; then, firstly drawing a three-dimensional model of the common articles in a plurality of rooms based on the point cloud data of the articles common to each room, and then drawing a three-dimensional model of the multiple unique articles in each room based on the point cloud data of the articles unique to each room; then, splicing the three-dimensional models of the internal rooms under each measuring station to form a complete three-dimensional model of the building to be measured, and splicing the articles shared by a plurality of rooms and the unique articles in each three-dimensional model of the internal rooms in sequence to restore the indoor building structure; and finally, according to the material information of the building components on the indoor plan of the building to be tested, different material parameters are given to different components in the three-dimensional model.
Further, in the second step, the output end of the three-dimensional laser scanner is provided with a wireless transmission device, and the wireless transmission device can transmit measured data to the processing center in real time based on the mobile communication system.
Further, in the second step, the processing center is served by a computer commonly used in the construction industry, and the memory of the computer is 128G.
Further, in the fourth step, when the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner is processed, the data may be converted into the point cloud data under the spatial coordinate system required by other three-dimensional modeling software: 3D architectural design software in Autodesk, tekla, bentley, nemetschekAG, and GehryTechnologies.
Further, in the fifth step, three-dimensional models of common objects of a plurality of rooms are formed into a "library", such as a door library, a window library and a lamp library, and the sizes of the three-dimensional models of the common objects can be flexibly edited in three-dimensional modeling software.
Further, in the first step, the indoor plan includes information including: the length, width, height of the room, the position and length and width of the door, the position and length and width of the window, and the material of each building element.
Further, in the second and third steps, the three-dimensional laser scanner is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled by a measurer.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the invention, the interior of a building is scanned by utilizing a three-dimensional laser scanner, point cloud data in the interior of the building is obtained, then the point cloud data are processed to obtain a point cloud model of the interior space of the building, the point cloud data under a measurement coordinate system are converted into space point cloud data under a space coordinate system of three-dimensional modeling software, the space point cloud data are converted into a physical BIM model by utilizing the three-dimensional modeling software, and the physical BIM model can simulate the real and actual conditions of the interior space of the building to the greatest extent, so that a foundation of an accurate model can be provided for the transformation of the interior space of the building in the later stage;
2. According to the invention, the internal space of the building to be modeled is fully divided, the divided space is subjected to sequencing and marking, then each indoor room is used as a measuring station for measurement, the composition condition of the whole indoor room can be determined by only measuring the coordinate positions of eight right angles, door frames and window frames in the whole room in the measurement process, the obtained point cloud data in the process is less, so that the workload of point cloud data processing in the whole modeling process can be effectively reduced, the objects in the room are divided into common objects and unique objects, the common objects and the unique objects are modeled respectively, an existing common object model is not required to be built in different rooms repeatedly, the corresponding common object information is only required to be adjusted in the corresponding room information, and then the corresponding common object model is spliced in the model of the room, thereby the workload in the three-dimensional modeling process can be further reduced, and the working efficiency can be further improved.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, by way of illustration, is to be read in connection with certain specific embodiments, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The BIM model conversion method based on the point cloud comprises the following steps:
Step one, establishing a measuring station: according to the indoor plan of the building to be tested, taking each independent room in the building to serve as a measuring station, and orderly marking each measuring station, wherein the indoor plan comprises the following information: the length, width, height, door position, length and width, window position, length and width and the material of each building component of the room, through the indoor plan modeling personnel can clearly and intuitively know the approximate condition of the whole building, so as to help the modeling personnel to complete modeling smoothly; marking different measuring stations can also help modeling staff distinguish point cloud data of different measuring stations, so that the modeling staff can splice the point cloud data of different measuring stations orderly;
Step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, measuring rooms represented by each measuring station in sequence by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the measured objects mainly comprise eight right angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the room, the space size of the indoor room is determined by measuring the right angle points, the door frame and the window frame are measured for determining the distribution of doors and windows in the room, the mobile communication system is utilized for uploading data to the processing center during measurement, then the processing center needs to store the point cloud data of each measuring station independently, the stored data is ordered according to the marks of the measuring stations, the processing center is served by a computer commonly used in the building industry, the memory of the computer memory is 128G, and the computer memory needs to have enough memory so as to store the data in the measuring process, so that the smooth operation of the computer is ensured, and the blocking phenomenon in the operation process of the computer can be avoided;
The output end of the three-dimensional laser scanner is provided with wireless transmission equipment which can transmit measured data to the processing center in real time based on a mobile communication system; the mobile communication system is a radio communication system mainly comprising a cellular system, a trunking system, an ad hoc network system, a satellite communication system, a packet radio network, a cordless telephone system, a radio paging system and the like; the invention is applied to a cellular system, which is a public land mobile communication system with the widest coverage area, in the cellular system, the coverage area is generally divided into a plurality of cells similar to a cell, a fixed base station is arranged in each cell to provide access and information forwarding services for users, communication between mobile users and non-mobile users is carried out through the base station, and the base station is generally connected to a backbone switching network mainly composed of switches through a wire line;
Step three, acquiring indoor article point cloud data: firstly, researching and analyzing articles in a building according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, finding out the same articles such as pipelines, lamps, doors and windows of rooms represented by each station, and then finding out the unique articles in each room; secondly, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, selecting a room with a first label as a representative, measuring articles shared by the room and other rooms by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, uploading measured data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system, and then independently storing the received data by the processing center; finally, measuring the unique objects in each measuring station in sequence according to the marks in the first step under the same space coordinate system as the second step, uploading the measured results to a processing center through a mobile communication system in the measuring process and storing the measured results independently, and carrying the three-dimensional laser scanner on an unmanned plane in the second step and the third step, wherein the unmanned plane is controlled by a measuring person, and the unmanned plane or the cloud data of the points are convenient to operate, so that the working difficulty can be reduced;
Step four, processing point cloud data: coordinate conversion is carried out on the point cloud data of each measuring station obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates based on the three-dimensional laser scanner is converted into space point cloud data under space coordinates required by modeling software Revit;
When processing point cloud data under the measurement coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the data can also be converted into point cloud data under a space coordinate system required by other three-dimensional modeling software: 3D building design software, tekla, bentley, nemetschekAG and GehryTechnologies in the Autodesk have respective emphasis points, so that the use of the 3D building design software in the Autodesk has various defects, wherein the 3D building design software in the Autodesk focuses on building models and structural configuration, and members such as beams, plates, walls, doors and windows are adopted as command objects to construct 3D building models; the Tekla software has the main functions of structural system configuration of reinforced concrete structures, steel structures, wooden structures and the like, and the fineness of a constructed structural model is high; application software and a technical platform which are mainly developed by Bentley, and various subsystems are provided for each field; NEMETSCHEKAG can construct a 3D building model consisting of parameterized objects containing information on structural dimensions, materials, performance, and price; gehryTechnologies has the software functions which are biased to the design and construction operation of the building engineering, and has the capability of integrating large and complex projects;
Fifthly, creating a BIM model: firstly, reading point cloud data processed in the fourth step by using modeling software Revit, and independently storing the data under different measuring stations; then, drawing a three-dimensional model based on the indoor frame point cloud model on each measuring station to draw an internal room three-dimensional model under different measuring stations; then, firstly, drawing a three-dimensional model of a plurality of common objects in rooms based on point cloud data of the common objects in each room, and forming a 'library' of the three-dimensional model of the common objects in the plurality of rooms, such as a door library, a window library and a lamp library, wherein the sizes of the three-dimensional models of the common objects can be flexibly edited in three-dimensional modeling software, when people need to install the structure in other rooms, only proper model samples are selected from the 'library' of the model of an object for size editing and can be directly used without repeatedly creating the same model in each room, so that the working strength can be reduced, and the working efficiency can be effectively improved; drawing a three-dimensional model of multiple unique articles in each room based on the point cloud data of the articles unique to each room; then, splicing the three-dimensional models of the internal rooms under each measuring station to form a complete three-dimensional model of the building to be measured, and splicing the articles shared by a plurality of rooms and the unique articles in each three-dimensional model of the internal rooms in sequence to restore the indoor building structure; finally, according to the material information of the building components on the indoor plan of the building to be tested, different materials are endowed to different components in the three-dimensional model, so that the modeling authenticity can be improved to the greatest extent, and valuable references can be provided for later people when the building is modified.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A BIM model conversion method based on point cloud is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, establishing a measuring station: taking each independent room in the building to be tested as a measuring station according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, and sequentially marking each measuring station;
Step two, acquiring indoor frame point cloud data: under the same space coordinate system, measuring a room represented by each measuring station in sequence by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the measured object mainly comprises eight right angle points, a door frame and a window frame in the room, the space size of the indoor room is determined by measuring the right angle points, the door frame and the window frame are measured for determining the distribution of doors and windows in the room, the mobile communication system is utilized to upload data to the processing center during measurement, then the processing center needs to store the point cloud data of each measuring station independently, and the stored data needs to be ordered according to the marks of the measuring stations;
Step three, acquiring indoor article point cloud data: firstly, researching and analyzing articles in a building according to an indoor plan of the building to be tested, finding out the same articles comprising pipelines, lamps, doors and windows in rooms represented by each measuring station, and then finding out the unique articles in each room; secondly, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, selecting a room with a first label as a representative, measuring articles shared by the room and other rooms by using a three-dimensional laser scanner, uploading measured data to a processing center by using a mobile communication system, and then independently storing the received data by the processing center; finally, under the same space coordinate system as the second step, measuring the unique articles in each measuring station according to the marks in the first step, and uploading the measured results to a processing center through a mobile communication system in the measuring process and needing to be stored separately;
Step four, processing point cloud data: coordinate conversion is carried out on the point cloud data of each measuring station obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates based on the three-dimensional laser scanner is converted into space point cloud data under space coordinates required by modeling software Revit;
Fifthly, creating a BIM model: firstly, reading point cloud data processed in the fourth step by using modeling software Revit, and independently storing the data under different measuring stations; then, drawing a three-dimensional model based on the indoor frame point cloud model on each measuring station to draw an internal room three-dimensional model under different measuring stations; then, firstly drawing a three-dimensional model of the common articles in a plurality of rooms based on the point cloud data of the articles common to each room, and then drawing a three-dimensional model of the multiple unique articles in each room based on the point cloud data of the articles unique to each room; then, splicing the three-dimensional models of the internal rooms under each measuring station to form a complete three-dimensional model of the building to be measured, and splicing the articles shared by a plurality of rooms and the unique articles in each three-dimensional model of the internal rooms in sequence to restore the indoor building structure; and finally, according to the material information of the building components on the indoor plan of the building to be tested, different material parameters are given to different components in the three-dimensional model.
2. The method for converting a BIM model based on point cloud as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the output end of the three-dimensional laser scanner is provided with a wireless transmission device, and the wireless transmission device can transmit measured data to the processing center in real time based on the mobile communication system.
3. The method for converting a BIM model based on point cloud as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the processing center is served by a computer commonly used in the construction industry, and the memory of the computer is 128G.
4. The method for converting a BIM model based on point cloud as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, when the point cloud data under the measurement coordinates of the three-dimensional laser scanner is processed, the data is converted into the point cloud data under the space coordinate system required by other three-dimensional modeling software: 3D architectural design software in Autodesk, tekla, bentley, nemetschekAG, and GehryTechnologies.
5. The method for converting a BIM model based on point cloud as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, three-dimensional models of common objects of a plurality of rooms are formed into a 'library', including a door library, a window library and a lamp library, and the sizes of the three-dimensional models of the common objects can be flexibly edited in three-dimensional modeling software.
6. The method for converting a BIM model based on point cloud as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the indoor plan includes information including: the length, width, height of the room, the position and length and width of the door, the position and length and width of the window, and the material of each building element.
7. The method for converting a BIM model based on point cloud as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second and third steps, the three-dimensional laser scanner is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled by a measurer.
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| CN114608549A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-10 | 武汉智会创新科技有限公司 | Building measurement method based on intelligent robot |
| CN115263133A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-11-01 | 武汉林源装饰工程有限公司 | Energy-saving door and window and installation method thereof |
| CN115033959A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 紫金矿业建设有限公司 | BIM forward design method based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN115270249A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-11-01 | 中铁四局集团第四工程有限公司 | Three-dimensional scanning data and BIM model registration method |
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