CN113678766A - Ecological mixed culture method for urechis unicinctus - Google Patents
Ecological mixed culture method for urechis unicinctus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113678766A CN113678766A CN202110926662.1A CN202110926662A CN113678766A CN 113678766 A CN113678766 A CN 113678766A CN 202110926662 A CN202110926662 A CN 202110926662A CN 113678766 A CN113678766 A CN 113678766A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- urechis unicinctus
- powder
- percent
- cement
- urechis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000237921 Urechis unicinctus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000234427 Asparagus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical group C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001290266 Sciaenops ocellatus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000237928 Urechis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000193171 Clostridium butyricum Species 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005409 aflatoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031016 anaphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological mixed culture method of urechis unicinctus, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The method is a high-density ecological mixed culture mode of urechis unicinctus and asparagus cement ponds, and comprises the steps of preparing the cement ponds; preparing a stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket; breeding urechis unicinctus; hanging and cultivating asparagus; regulating and controlling the water quality; micro-pore oxygenation; bait feeding and the like. The invention utilizes the ecological complementarity of the urechis unicinctus and the asparagus to carry out mixed culture, increases the space layering of the ecological structure of the culture cement pond, improves the stability of the environment of the culture cement pond, and solves the problems of the bait, the water quality and the like of the urechis unicinctus in the culture process, thereby realizing the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection. The urechis unicinctus feed disclosed by the invention is reasonable in nutrition collocation, has a natural food calling effect, can simultaneously meet all nutritional and physiological requirements of urechis unicinctus, improves the immunity and growth speed of urechis unicinctus, reduces water pollution in a culture process, improves the quality of urechis unicinctus and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological mixed culture method, in particular to an ecological mixed culture method for urechis unicinctus, which mainly cultures urechis unicinctus in a cement pond.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of people for marine products is more and more, the rapid development of the mariculture industry is driven, and the degree of integration and intensification is higher and higher. In recent years, the seedling raising industry is disastrous, so that a large number of factory seedling raising workshops are always in an idle state. At present, the artificial breeding of urechis unicinctus in the coastal region in the northern China just starts. The filtration habit of the urechis unicinctus and the water in the pond must be clear, thus greatly limiting the popularization of the variety, and a high-yield, high-efficiency and environment-friendly urechis unicinctus culture mode is urgently needed by the society to solve the problems of bait and water quality in the culture process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ecological mixed culture method of urechis unicinctus, which adopts an ecological mixed culture mode of mainly culturing urechis unicinctus in a cement pond, utilizes the ecological complementarity of the urechis unicinctus and asparagus to carry out mixed culture, and the urechis unicinctus can purify water quality and meet the requirement of the urechis unicinctus in the culture process; the residual bait and the metabolic waste of the urechis unicinctus meet the requirements of asparagus, so that the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection are fulfilled, and the requirements of the existing urechis unicinctus culture method are met.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. The invention relates to an urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method which is characterized in that the method is a urechis unicinctus and asparagus cement pond high-density ecological mixed culture mode and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cement pool; the method comprises the following steps of preparing cement ponds, namely utilizing the cement ponds in a common prawn seedling raising workshop, wherein the number of the cement ponds in each workshop is 20-50, the area of each cement pond is 20-40 square meters, the depth of water in each cement pond is 2-4 meters, a sewage discharge outlet is formed in the center of each cement pond, a sewage discharge area with the size of 1-2 square meters is built by using a sea containing module by taking the sewage discharge outlet as the center, cement is poured in the sea containing module, and a double sunshade net is hung in the prawn seedling raising workshop;
(2) preparing a stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket; the stackable urechis unicinctus breeding support is a stainless steel breeding support with the specification of 1 meter multiplied by 0.5-0.7 meter, a plastic box with the specification of 0.9 meter multiplied by 0.3-0.4 meter is placed at the bottom of the support, 40-80 meshes of sea sand sterilized by bleaching powder with the thickness of 0.10-0.25 meter is laid at the bottom of the plastic box, 4-8 layers of support frames can be stacked, young urechis unicinctus are placed in a sand table, the stocking time is 4-6 months, the water temperature for stocking is 13-18 ℃, 0.5-1 kg of young urechis unicinctus is placed in each sand table, the specification of the seed is 4000-4500 grains/kg, 10-20 stacks of breeding supports are placed in each cement pond, and the distance between each stack of supports is 0.5-1 meter;
(3) breeding urechis unicinctus;
(4) hanging and cultivating asparagus; the hanging and breeding of the asparagus is carried out by 2-4 meters of asparagus seedling ropes, the upper end and the lower end of each hanging and breeding rope are respectively fixed on the four upper and lower corners of each stack of breeding brackets, the distance between every two adjacent clusters of asparagus seedlings is 0.05-0.1 meter, each rope clamps 15-30 clusters of seedlings, each cluster is 20-40 g, the stocking time of the asparagus is synchronous with the young urechis unicinctus, and the asparagus is harvested once every 1-2 months when the young urechis unicinctus is separated into boxes;
(5) regulating and controlling the water quality; the water quality is regulated and controlled by alternately sprinkling EM (effective microorganisms) brown sugar fermentation liquor, bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, lactobacillus butyrate brown sugar fermentation liquor, zeolite powder, vitamin C, vitamin E and rare earth chelated trace elements every week, controlling the concentration to be 3-5 g in each water body, and respectively hanging a strip-shaped nano ecological base with the specification of 0.8-1.5 m multiplied by 0.025 m at the middle points of four edges on each stack of culture supports;
(6) micro-pore oxygenation; the micropore oxygenation is that 1 micropore oxygenation plate is arranged for every 2-3 square of water, and the oxygenation plates are positioned at the intervals of the bottoms of the culture supports;
(7) and feeding baits for ecological polyculture.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that: in the cement pond preparation process, the number of each workshop cement pond is 30-40, the area of each cement pond is 30 square meters, and the depth of the cement pond is 3 meters.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that: the stackable urechis unicinctus culturing bracket is a stainless steel culturing bracket with the specification of 1 m multiplied by 0.6 m, a plastic box with the specification of 0.9 m multiplied by 0.35 m is placed at the bottom of the bracket, 60-mesh sea sand disinfected by bleaching powder with the thickness of 0.20 m is laid at the bottom of the plastic box, 6 layers of bracket frames can be stacked, the young urechis unicinctus is placed in a sand table, the seedling water temperature is 15-16 ℃, 15 stacks of culturing brackets are placed in each cement pond, and the distance between every two stacks of brackets is 0.8 m.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that: in the water quality regulation and control process, the concentration of the sprayed EM (effective microorganisms) brown sugar fermentation liquor, the sprayed Bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, the sprayed Lactobacillus butyricum brown sugar fermentation liquor, the sprayed zeolite powder, the sprayed vitamin C, the sprayed vitamin E and the sprayed rare earth chelated trace elements is controlled to be 4 g in each water body.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that: the bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows:
red fish meal: 10-15%; squid viscera powder: 5-10%;
silkworm powder: 0.1-0.2%; puffing soybeans: 10-20%;
corn citric acid residues: 0.1-0.2%; degumming the kelp powder: 10-15%;
freeze-dried chlorella powder: 5-10%; spirulina powder: 2-4%;
dunaliella salina powder: 2-4%; yeast cell wall: 10-20%;
marine rhodotorula: 8-16%; selenium-rich yeast: 0.01-0.02%;
zeolite powder: 8-16%.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that: the bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, crushing the raw materials by 80-120 meshes, and drying the crushed raw materials in drying equipment at the temperature of below 55 ℃ until the water content is lower than 10% to obtain the fertilizer.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that: the bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows: when the urechis unicinctus bait is used, the urechis unicinctus is wrapped by 80-120 meshes of filter cloth, hung above an oxygenation disc in water and shaken to be dissolved, insoluble residues are discarded, and the daily bait feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of urechis unicinctus.
The invention further discloses a urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method, which adopts the preferable technical scheme that:
red fish meal: 11.78 percent; squid viscera powder: 8 percent;
silkworm powder: 0.1 percent; puffing soybeans: 15 percent;
corn citric acid residues: 0.1 percent; degumming the kelp powder: 12 percent;
freeze-dried chlorella powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;
dunaliella salina powder: 3 percent; yeast cell wall: 15 percent;
marine rhodotorula: 12 percent; selenium-rich yeast: 0.02 percent;
zeolite powder: 12 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the ecological complementarity of the urechis unicinctus and the asparagus for mixed culture, the asparagus can purify the water quality, and the requirement of the urechis unicinctus in the process of culturing the urechis unicinctus is met; the residual bait and the metabolic waste of the urechis unicinctus meet the requirements of asparagus, so that the aims of high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection are fulfilled, and the requirements of the existing urechis unicinctus culture method are met. Its advantages are:
(1) the sand particles in the sand table are small in size, organic debris and some pathogenic microorganisms are easily adsorbed, the urechis unicinctus culture metabolites are not easily discharged, and when the anaphase of culture is reached, pathogen pollutants are excessively accumulated to cause gradual deterioration of the culture environment of the sand table, the asparagus can obviously reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, soluble phosphate and toxic metals in the water body, inhibit the formation of hydrogen sulfide in the sand table, improve the black bottom, inhibit harmful bacteria in the sand table, and do not need to change the bottom, fertilize water, supplement bacteria, resist stress and sterilize until the urechis unicinctus is cultured. The urechis unicinctus bait and excrement provide the necessary elements of magnesium and calcium of the asparagus, the productivity of the asparagus in the water body is improved, and the asparagus in the water body is developed to a good way.
(2) The various vitamins, mineral substances, amino acids, fatty acids and immune promoters which are necessary for the self-made compound feed of the urechis unicinctus are mainly supplemented by the raw materials, no dangerous and forbidden additive is contained, the residual quantity of bait and medicament is zero, the urechis unicinctus meat is delicious, the investment is low, the feed reward is high and the like. The feed has the advantages of stable raw material source, simple production process, stable quality and convenient storage, thereby effectively solving the problem of artificial bait for high-density breeding of urechis unicinctus and being beneficial to environmental protection.
(3) The urechis unicinctus has poor temperature tolerance and dies when the temperature exceeds 31.6 ℃, the problem that the water is insufficient can be solved by additionally hanging a dual sun-shading net in a prawn breeding workshop, a sewage discharge port is formed in the center of a cement pond, a sewage discharge area of 1-2 square meters is built by using a sea containing module by taking the sewage discharge port as the center, cement is poured into the sea containing module, the pressure of water discharge, sewage discharge and sand discharge at the bottom of the pond is reduced, and sewage is discharged to a central water outlet better and more conveniently. Through micropore oxygenation, an oxygen spring layer of a water body is broken, the breeding capacity of a cement pond is improved, and the growth of urechis unicinctus is facilitated.
(4) The lactobacillus butyrate contains imported clostridium butyricum of France, lactobacillin, aquatic complex enzyme and small peptide, has pure imported raw materials and unique formula, has quick and obvious maximum characteristic effect compared with other butyric acid products in the market, can be used for regulating water externally, can remove toxin in urechis unicinctus and part of aflatoxin in feed by containing the complex enzyme and the mildew adsorbent in the lactobacillus butyrate, can stabilize the pH value in a water body by utilizing lactic acid and enzyme through fermented water splashing, inhibits harmful bacteria in the water body, and improves the survival rate of the urechis unicinctus. The water body is supplemented with EM (effective microorganisms) brown sugar fermentation liquor, bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, vitamin C and vitamin E, so that the feeding of urechis unicinctus is facilitated. The rare earth elements comprise 15 elements of cerium and lanthanum, and are recognized as beneficial or auxiliary nutrient elements in aquaculture; research data show that the rare earth elements have the effects of improving survival rate, increasing weight, improving yield, promoting algae propagation and the like in aquaculture. The zeolite powder has rough surface, porous structure and strong adsorption. The zeolite powder contains a large amount of trace elements, particularly calcium and magnesium ions. When the water quality is poor, the zeolite powder can be used for adsorbing ammonia nitrogen in the water body and reducing the toxicity of the water body. The zeolite powder is used regularly, so that the hardness of the water body can be increased, trace elements can be supplemented, the growth of algae is facilitated, and the biological bearing capacity of the water body is improved. The zeolite powder is added into the feed, so that the growth of urechis unicinctus can be promoted.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the ecological mixed culture method of the urechis unicinctus comprises the following steps:
when the cultivation method is implemented, the method is divided into seven steps:
(1) preparing a cement pool; the preparation method comprises the following steps of utilizing cement ponds in a common prawn seedling raising workshop, wherein the number of the cement ponds in each workshop is 40, the area of each cement pond is 30 square meters, the depth of the cement pond is 3 meters, a sewage discharge port is formed in the center of each cement pond, a sewage discharge area with the size of 1.5 square meters is built by using a sea containing module by taking the sewage discharge port as the center, cement is poured into the sea containing module, and a double sunshade net is hung in the prawn seedling raising workshop;
(2) preparing a stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket; the stackable urechis unicinctus culture support is a stainless steel culture support with the specification of 1 meter multiplied by 0.6 meter, a plastic box with the specification of 0.9 meter multiplied by 0.35 meter is placed at the bottom of the support, 60-mesh sea sand disinfected by 0.15 meter thick bleaching powder is laid at the bottom of the plastic box, 6 layers of support frames can be stacked, the young urechis unicinctus are placed in a sand table, the stocking time is 5 months, the stocking water temperature is 15-16 ℃, 0.8 kg of urechis unicinctus is placed in each sand table, the specification of fingerlings is 4000-4500 grains/kg, 15 stacks of culture supports are placed in each cement pond, and the distance between each stack of supports is 0.8 meter;
(3) breeding urechis unicinctus;
(4) hanging and cultivating asparagus; the hanging and breeding of the gardon asparagus is realized by using 3 m gardon asparagus seedlings, the upper end and the lower end of the hanging and breeding gardon asparagus are respectively fixed on the four upper and lower corners of each stack of breeding brackets, the distance between each cluster of gardon asparagus seedlings is 0.08 m, each rope clamps 20 clusters of seedlings, each cluster is 30 g, the stocking time of the gardon asparagus is synchronous with the young urechis, and the gardon asparagus is harvested once every 1-2 months when the young urechis are separated into boxes;
(5) regulating and controlling the water quality; the water quality is regulated and controlled by alternately sprinkling EM (effective microorganisms) brown sugar fermentation liquor, bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, lactobacillus butyrate brown sugar fermentation liquor, zeolite powder, vitamin C, vitamin E and rare earth chelated trace elements every week, the concentration is controlled to be 4 g in each water body, and the middle points of four sides of each stack of culture supports are respectively additionally provided with a strip-shaped nano ecological base with the specification of 1.2 m multiplied by 0.025 m;
(6) micro-pore oxygenation; the micropore oxygenation is that 1 micropore oxygenation plate is arranged for every 2-3 square of water, and the oxygenation plates are positioned at the intervals of the bottoms of the culture supports;
(7) and feeding baits for ecological polyculture.
The bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows:
fish meal: 11.78 percent; squid viscera powder: 8 percent;
silkworm powder: 0.1 percent; puffing soybeans: 15 percent;
corn citric acid residues: 0.1 percent; degumming the kelp powder: 12 percent;
freeze-dried chlorella powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;
dunaliella salina powder: 3 percent; yeast cell wall: 15 percent;
marine rhodotorula: 12 percent; selenium-rich yeast: 0.02 percent;
zeolite powder: 12 percent.
Mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, crushing the raw materials by a 100-mesh sieve, and drying the crushed raw materials in a drying device at the temperature of below 55 ℃ until the water content is 9 percent.
The bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows: when in use, the product is wrapped with 100 mesh filter cloth, hung above an oxygenation tray in water, shaken and dissolved, and insoluble residue is removed, wherein the daily bait dosage is 6% of the weight of the urechis unicinctus.
Example 2, an experiment of an ecological mixed culture method of urechis unicinctus:
the inventor is in the experiment in 2020 year in the workshop cement pond of growing seedlings of a certain company prawn in brush cloud county, utilize the cement pond in the ordinary workshop of growing seedlings of prawn, workshop cement pond quantity is 24, 24 square meters of every cement pond area, cement pond depth of water is 3 meters, cement pond central authorities establish the drain, use the drain as the center, build a 1.5 square meters's blowdown district with sea volume module, cement is pour to sea volume module inside, add in the workshop of growing seedlings of prawn and hang dual sunshade net. The stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket is a stainless steel culture bracket with the specification of 1 meter multiplied by 0.5 meter, a plastic box with the specification of 0.9 meter multiplied by 0.35 meter is placed at the bottom of the bracket, 60-mesh sea sand disinfected by bleaching powder with the thickness of 0.20 meter is laid at the bottom of the plastic box, 6 layers of bracket frames can be stacked, the young urechis unicinctus are placed in sand tables, the stocking time is 5 months, the stocking water temperature is 16 ℃, 0.8 kilogram of young urechis unicinctus is placed in each sand table, the seed specification is 4200 grain/kilogram, 11 stacks of culture brackets can be placed in each cement pool, and the distance between each stack of brackets is 0.8 meter. The length of each seedling rope of the gardon asparagus is 2.8 meters, the upper end and the lower end of each seedling rope are respectively fixed on the four upper and lower corners of each stack of cultivation support, the distance between every two adjacent gardon asparagus seedlings is 0.06 meter, each rope clamps 20 clusters, each cluster is 30 grams, the stocking time of the gardon asparagus is synchronous with the young urechis unicinctus, and the gardon asparagus is harvested once every 1.5 months when the young urechis unicinctus is separated into boxes. EM bacteria brown sugar fermentation liquor, bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, lactobacillus butyricum brown sugar fermentation liquor, zeolite powder, vitamin C, vitamin E and rare earth chelated trace elements are sprayed in turn every week, the concentration of each water body is controlled to be 4 g, and long strip-shaped nanometer ecological bases with the specification of 1 m multiplied by 0.025 m are respectively hung at the middle points of the four sides of each stacked cultivation bracket. 1 microporous oxygenation plate is arranged for every 2.5 square of water, and the oxygenation plates are positioned at the intervals of the bottoms of the culture supports. The self-made compound feed is fed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows:
red fish meal: 11.78 percent; squid viscera powder: 8 percent;
silkworm powder: 0.1 percent; puffing soybeans: 15 percent;
corn citric acid residues: 0.1 percent; degumming the kelp powder: 12 percent;
freeze-dried chlorella powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;
dunaliella salina powder: 3 percent; yeast cell wall: 15 percent;
marine rhodotorula: 12 percent; selenium-rich yeast: 0.02;
zeolite powder: 12 percent.
Mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, crushing the raw materials by 100 meshes, and drying the crushed raw materials in a drying device at 50 ℃ until the water content is 8 percent to obtain the fertilizer; when in use, the product is wrapped with 100 mesh filter cloth, hung above an oxygenation tray in water, shaken and dissolved, and insoluble residue is removed, wherein the daily bait dosage is 6% of the weight of the urechis unicinctus. Experimental results show that the method can obviously reduce the water temperature, improve the yield of the urechis unicinctus and improve the water quality, and a certain amount of asparagus can be harvested regularly, so that the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of cultivation are relatively remarkable.
Experiment 1: influence of double sun-shading nets additionally hung in prawn seedling raising workshop on water temperature of cement pond
In the high-temperature period of 8 months, water temperature measurement is carried out on an experimental workshop (additionally hung with the double sunshade net) and a next workshop (not hung with the double sunshade net), and the experimental result shows that the water temperature of a cement pond with the additionally hung double sunshade net is reduced by about 3 ℃ compared with that of a group without the additionally hung double sunshade net.
Experiment 2: influence of stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket on yield of urechis unicinctus
The method is characterized in that 3 idle cement ponds in a workshop are used as comparison, the urechis unicinctus is cultured in a mode of sand paving at the bottom of the pond, 60-mesh sea sand disinfected by bleaching powder with the thickness of 0.20 m is paved at the bottom of the pond, other condition comparison is basically the same as the method, urechis unicinctus seedlings are thrown in the month 5, and the sampling inspection is carried out in the month 9, and the result shows that the yield of the stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket can be improved by nearly 3 times, and the culture specification is also superior to that of a comparison group.
Experiment 3: influence of nano ecological base on culture water quality
And (3) randomly selecting 3 cement ponds in the workshop to remove the nano ecological base as a comparison, wherein the comparison of other conditions is basically the same as that of the invention, and the result of two-week operation shows that the nano ecological base can obviously reduce the water quality indexes such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, sulfide and the like.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological mixed culture method of urechis unicinctus is characterized in that the method is a high-density ecological mixed culture mode of urechis unicinctus and asparagus in a cement pond, and comprises the following steps:
preparing a cement pool; the method comprises the following steps of preparing cement ponds, namely utilizing the cement ponds in a common prawn seedling raising workshop, wherein the number of the cement ponds in each workshop is 20-50, the area of each cement pond is 20-40 square meters, the depth of water in each cement pond is 2-4 meters, a sewage discharge outlet is formed in the center of each cement pond, a sewage discharge area with the size of 1-2 square meters is built by using a sea containing module by taking the sewage discharge outlet as the center, cement is poured in the sea containing module, and a double sunshade net is hung in the prawn seedling raising workshop;
preparing a stackable urechis unicinctus culture bracket; the stackable urechis unicinctus breeding support is a stainless steel breeding support with the specification of 1 meter multiplied by 0.5-0.7 meter, a plastic box with the specification of 0.9 meter multiplied by 0.3-0.4 meter is placed at the bottom of the support, 40-80 meshes of sea sand sterilized by bleaching powder with the thickness of 0.10-0.25 meter is laid at the bottom of the plastic box, 4-8 layers of support frames can be stacked, young urechis unicinctus are placed in a sand table, the stocking time is 4-6 months, the water temperature for stocking is 13-18 ℃, 0.5-1 kg of young urechis unicinctus is placed in each sand table, the specification of the seed is 4000-4500 grains/kg, 10-20 stacks of breeding supports are placed in each cement pond, and the distance between each stack of supports is 0.5-1 meter;
breeding urechis unicinctus;
hanging and cultivating asparagus; the hanging and breeding of the asparagus is carried out by 2-4 meters of asparagus seedling ropes, the upper end and the lower end of each hanging and breeding rope are respectively fixed on the four upper and lower corners of each stack of breeding brackets, the distance between every two adjacent clusters of asparagus seedlings is 0.05-0.1 meter, each rope clamps 15-30 clusters of seedlings, each cluster is 20-40 g, the stocking time of the asparagus is synchronous with the young urechis unicinctus, and the asparagus is harvested once every 1-2 months when the young urechis unicinctus is separated into boxes;
regulating and controlling the water quality; the water quality is regulated and controlled by alternately sprinkling EM (effective microorganisms) brown sugar fermentation liquor, bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, lactobacillus butyrate brown sugar fermentation liquor, zeolite powder, vitamin C, vitamin E and rare earth chelated trace elements every week, controlling the concentration to be 3-5 g in each water body, and respectively hanging a strip-shaped nano ecological base with the specification of 0.8-1.5 m multiplied by 0.025 m at the middle points of four edges on each stack of culture supports;
micro-pore oxygenation; the micropore oxygenation is that 1 micropore oxygenation plate is arranged for every 2-3 square of water, and the oxygenation plates are positioned at the intervals of the bottoms of the culture supports;
(7) and feeding baits for ecological polyculture.
2. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the cement pond preparation process, the number of each workshop cement pond is 30-40, the area of each cement pond is 30 square meters, and the depth of the cement pond is 3 meters.
3. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the stackable urechis unicinctus culturing bracket is a stainless steel culturing bracket with the specification of 1 m multiplied by 0.6 m, a plastic box with the specification of 0.9 m multiplied by 0.35 m is placed at the bottom of the bracket, 60-mesh sea sand disinfected by bleaching powder with the thickness of 0.20 m is laid at the bottom of the plastic box, 6 layers of bracket frames can be stacked, the young urechis unicinctus is placed in a sand table, the seedling water temperature is 15-16 ℃, 15 stacks of culturing brackets are placed in each cement pond, and the distance between every two stacks of brackets is 0.8 m.
4. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the water quality regulation and control process, the concentration of the sprayed EM (effective microorganisms) brown sugar fermentation liquor, the sprayed Bacillus subtilis brown sugar fermentation liquor, the sprayed Lactobacillus butyricum brown sugar fermentation liquor, the sprayed zeolite powder, the sprayed vitamin C, the sprayed vitamin E and the sprayed rare earth chelated trace elements is controlled to be 4 g in each water body.
5. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows:
red fish meal: 10-15%; squid viscera powder: 5-10%;
silkworm powder: 0.1-0.2%; puffing soybeans: 10-20%;
corn citric acid residues: 0.1-0.2%; degumming the kelp powder: 10-15%;
freeze-dried chlorella powder: 5-10%; spirulina powder: 2-4%;
dunaliella salina powder: 2-4%; yeast cell wall: 10-20%;
marine rhodotorula: 8-16%; selenium-rich yeast: 0.01-0.02%;
zeolite powder: 8-16%.
6. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows: mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, crushing the raw materials by 80-120 meshes, and drying the crushed raw materials in drying equipment at the temperature of below 55 ℃ until the water content is lower than 10% to obtain the fertilizer.
7. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bait feeding is self-made compound feed, and the formula of the compound feed is as follows: when the urechis unicinctus bait is used, the urechis unicinctus is wrapped by 80-120 meshes of filter cloth, hung above an oxygenation disc in water and shaken to be dissolved, insoluble residues are discarded, and the daily bait feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of urechis unicinctus.
8. The urechis unicinctus ecological mixed culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
red fish meal: 11.78 percent; squid viscera powder: 8 percent;
silkworm powder: 0.1 percent; puffing soybeans: 15 percent;
corn citric acid residues: 0.1 percent; degumming the kelp powder: 12 percent;
freeze-dried chlorella powder: 8 percent; spirulina powder: 3 percent;
dunaliella salina powder: 3 percent; yeast cell wall: 15 percent;
marine rhodotorula: 12 percent; selenium-rich yeast: 0.02 percent;
zeolite powder: 12 percent.
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