CN113650127A - 含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺及其应用于地暖地板 - Google Patents
含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺及其应用于地暖地板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于人造板技术领域,涉及一种含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,包括:木材剥皮→削片→筛选→水洗→蒸煮→纤维分离→调施胶→纤维干燥→铺装成型→预压→热压→冷却→砂光→检验分等→包装入库,其中:所述调施胶步骤中,将含石墨烯的树脂施加到纤维中,所述含石墨烯树脂质量占绝干纤维质量的8~12%。根据本发明所述方法制得的含石墨烯纤维板,将其应用于需要有热传导效应纤维板的领域,例如用作地暖地板的芯板。在不改变惯常中高密度纤维板的工艺基础之上,仅调整施胶工序中的胶粘剂,添加含量不超过树脂固含量的0.2~1%的石墨烯,所制备的纤维板,力学性能未有明显变化,可将其制作成地暖地板的芯板,本发明生产更加便捷、安装更为方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于人造板技术领域,涉及中高密度纤维板,尤其涉及一种含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺及其应用于地暖地板。
背景技术
随着百姓生活条件的提高,越来越多的家庭采用低温地面辐射采暖供热代替空调,例如管式热水地暖、管式电阻地暖或导热膜地暖,地暖表面再铺设一层脚感舒适的强化木质地板。强化木质地板基材为纤维板,但是纤维板导热系数低(0.11w/m·k),易引发以下问题:1、升温速度慢,导致热能浪费;2、热量无法传递,热源区域温度过高,形成安全隐患;3、地板背面正面受热不均匀,地板可能出现变形、力学强度降低、缩短使用寿命等。
现有技术中,很多聚焦于地暖地板的研制,例如在公告号为CN100371553C《复合地热地板》公开的地板包括表板(1)、次表板(2)、芯板(3)、底板(4),芯板(3)内设置有横向导热槽(5),底板(4)内设置纵向导热槽(6),横向导热槽(5)和纵向导热槽(6)相互垂直且贯通,横向导热槽(5)和纵向导热槽(6)内填有导热介质(7)。该发明将导热槽分别设置在芯板(3)与地板(4)内,其缺陷在于:(1)、在背板上开1~5mm槽使地板的静曲强度、弹性模量(或力学强度)会降低,缩短地板的使用寿命、开槽的宽度越宽,力学强度就会减少越多;(2)、芯板(3)横向导热槽的距离设置为25~40mm,导热槽设置比较密集,会增加地板的生产成本,在达到导热效果的前提下,应考虑尽量使用较少的导热槽;(3)、横向导热槽,其所加铝条厚度与横向导热槽同宽,设置在0.5~1.5mm,甚至到2.5mm;纵向导热槽,其所加铝条厚度与纵向导热槽同深度,设置在1~3mm,铝条或铜条厚度越厚铝条或铜条越厚,会导致地板的生产成本越高,在达到导热效果的前提下,应考虑尽量使用较薄的铝条或较窄的导热槽。公告号为CN2926381Y《复合实木地板》公开了一种复合实木地板,包括侧面有企口结构的板体,板体由表材层和复合层组成,表材层处于复合层的上面,该实用新型是在板体背面开有地热槽,利用空气作为热传导介质,存在着导热效率低的缺陷。与其存在类似缺陷的是,公告号为CN201059049Y《多层实木复合地热地板》公开的多层实木复合地热地板,由面板、芯板和底板复合而成,芯板由若干个间隔排列的单元小块组成并形成横向通道,每个单元小块带有凸榫和凹槽,底板由若干个间隔排列的条形板组成并形成纵向通道,芯板的横向通道与底板的纵向通道交错形成地板的网状通道,所说的芯板由多层薄板粘结而成。还有公告号为CN201103222Y《底面有沟槽的多层实木地板》,则是在地板的底面沟槽由相互垂直交叉的纵向凹槽(1)和横向凹槽(2)组成,每条凹槽两端端口通达相对边槽楔口,相邻两条凹槽的间距为1~300mm,凹槽深1~7mm。公告号为CN102277944A《一种多层复合地板及其生产方法》所公开的多层复合地板包括面料、基材和实木背板,面料和实木背板分别胶粘固定在基材的上、下表面上,基材的上表面上开设有上槽,实木背板和基材粘合后在其背面开设有下槽,上槽和下槽的形状交汇处形成穿孔,将上槽和下槽导通。本发明多层复合地板通过下槽-穿孔-上槽的导热通道,形成了均匀的导热槽和导热孔,依然采用空气作为热传导介质。公告号为CN202430948U《快速均匀导热式地热地板》所公开的实木地板包括面板、芯板、底板,芯板置于面板和底板之间,芯板相对的两侧面分别设有相对应的榫头和榫槽,芯板由边框和2个以上的木板条构成,木板条与边框的内侧连接,每两块木板条之间设有导热槽,主要技术要点是芯板的边框、木板条内均设有与导热槽相互垂直且贯通的通气槽,底板为防潮隔音板。
现有技术出现了不少针对地板芯层增强导热效率的技术方案,例如,CN103266742B公开了一种四层实木复合地热地板及其生产工艺,所公开的四层实木复合地热地板,所述的芯板3由芯板条在长度方向上排列而成,芯板条内设置横向导热介质5-1,芯板条组成的芯板内设置纵向导热介质5-2,所述的横向导热介质5-1和纵向导热介质5-2构成的导热带相互垂直且组成立体空间导热网络,所述相邻的横向导热介质5-1之间的距离为200~300mm,所述相邻纵向导热介质5-2之间的距离为60~100mm。CN108908642A公开了一种新型导热纤维板及其加工方法,该新型导热纤维板,包括采用卡块相连接的两块纤维板,纤维板上装有安装架,安装架用螺栓固定在纤维板侧面,纤维板与安装架之间有缓冲块。安装架表面有导热板,导热板上连接有若干根导热丝贯穿安装架并延伸至纤维板本体内部,导热板的上方再设有一层防水和一层耐磨。新型导热纤维板主要通过导热板和导热丝增加该新型纤维板的导热性能,使得热量能够更快、更好地在第一纤维板本体和第二纤维板本体之间传导。不足之处在于:1、结构复杂,加工难度高。必须两片纤维板组合,增加安装架和缓冲块,再进行开孔螺栓固定,放置导热板和导热丝。2、导热不均匀,纤维板内部只通过导热丝加速加热,加热并不均匀,容易使纤维板产生变形;3、经过钻孔放置加热丝,纤维板力学强度受到破坏,存在强度隐患。
然而,在地板的芯板中无论是增加导热条,还是导热丝,终究会改变芯板完整的力学性能,长期来看,有可能会影响地暖地板的使用寿命。提高芯板的导热系数,在纤维板中掺杂进高导热物质,是解决该问题的技术方向之一。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是公开一种含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺。
技术方案
一种含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,具体步骤包括:木材剥皮→削片→筛选→水洗→蒸煮→纤维分离→调施胶→纤维干燥→铺装成型→预压→热压→冷却→砂光→检验分等→包装入库,其中:
所述调施胶步骤中,将含石墨烯的树脂施加到纤维中,所述含石墨烯树脂质量占绝干纤维质量的8~12%,优选10%。
本发明较优公开例中,所述含石墨烯的树脂,是在脲醛树脂(UF)、三聚氰胺树脂(MF)、酚醛树脂(PF)或者异氰酸酯树脂中加入石墨烯,添加量为树脂固含量的0.1~1%,优选0.5%。
本发明较优公开例中,所述含石墨烯的树脂,是在脲醛树脂(UF)、三聚氰胺树脂(MF)、酚醛树脂(PF)或者异氰酸酯树脂中加入石墨烯溶液,添加量为树脂固含量的5~20%,优选12%。
本发明较优公开例中,所述石墨烯溶液,其中,石墨烯质量百分比浓度为1~5%,溶剂为水、N-甲基吡络烷酮、N、N-二甲基酰胺、乙酰胺、或氯仿等。
本发明较优公开例中,所述石墨烯的层数为1~10层,平均厚度1~20nm,片层尺寸1~10um。
本发明还有一个目的,根据上述方法制得的含石墨烯纤维板,将其应用于需要有热传导效应纤维板的领域,具体的,可将其用作地暖地板的芯板。
石墨烯(GE)是由碳原子以sp2杂化连接的单原子层构成的, 具有较高的比表面积,其基底平面上含有羟基和环氧基等功能基团,在边缘含有羰基和羧基等功能基团,性能优异、成本低、可加工性好。
本发明所公开的制备工艺中所用的石墨烯,即为氧化石墨烯(GO)。
本发明先利用改进Hummers法制得氧化石墨并进一步超声得到氧化石墨烯(GO),所述的改进Hummers法制得氧化石墨,其制备步骤包括:
在冰水浴中,向250mL的三颈烧瓶中加入23mL的浓硫酸并放置10min;依次缓慢加入0.5g硝酸钠,1g天然石墨粉和3g高锰酸钾,在低于20℃下反应1h,混合物呈墨绿色,升温至35℃,反应2h;接着,升温至90℃,混合物变为棕色;用常压漏斗缓慢滴加46mL的去离子水,混合物由棕色变为亮黄色,然后在100℃油浴下反应2h;停止加热,加入140mL的去离子水及10mL的30%的双氧水,搅拌反应30min后离心,用5%的盐酸溶液洗涤,最终将离心后的产品置于60℃真空干燥箱烘24h,即得氧化石墨。
加入石墨烯的纤维板,具有极高的导热性和均匀性,在制成强化地板后,开地暖时能够快速并均匀的将热量传递到木质地板,热量损失少,同时升温速度快,区域升温平衡,每小时升温效果比常规木质地板高2~4℃,同时板面各区域表面温度一致,人体触感更佳。常规纤维板,不同位置升温速度不同,导致胀缩不一致,产生额外应力,最终引起开裂,减少寿命等风险;采用石墨烯纤维板升温均匀一致,板材干缩湿胀呈有规律,可降低开裂风险,延长使用寿命。
有益效果
本发明在不改变惯常中高密度纤维板的工艺基础之上,仅调整施胶工序中的胶粘剂,添加含量不超过树脂固含量的0.2~1%的石墨烯,其他工艺基本未做改变。所制备的纤维板,力学性能未有明显变化,将其制作成强化地板的芯板,用于适用于地暖的地板时,相比于将加热装置放于地板内部的结构,或者通过外加导热板等结构增加板材导热性能等技术方案,本发明生产更加便捷、安装更为方便。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明,以使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
第一步,将针叶材:阔叶材以1:1的重量比剥皮处理;并切片,筛选出长宽15-25mm,厚度为3-6mm的木片,并进行水洗;
第二步:添加石墨烯,在55%固含量的脲醛树脂内加入层数为3-5层,平均厚度<12nm,片层尺寸9-11um的石墨烯粉末,添加量为树脂固含量的0.3%,混合均匀,待用;
第三步:蒸煮软化木片,蒸煮温度175-180℃,压力7.5bar,时间3分钟,再通过热磨机分离纤维,加入石蜡,添加量为绝干纤维的0.6%;
第四步:纤维施加脲醛树脂,施胶量为110-130 kg/m³,再进行干燥,干燥后纤维含水率10-13%;
第五步:纤维铺装成型,准备热压,温度区分别是220-230、210-200、185-195、170-180、160-170℃;
第四步,冷却→砂光→验等→包装。
所制得纤维板理化性能满足国家标准,其中导热性能达到14.5℃/h,普通纤维板导热性能在12℃/h左右。
进一步的,还可制作成适用于地暖的强化地板芯板。
实施例2
第一步,将针叶材:阔叶材以1:1的重量比剥皮处理;并切片,筛选出长宽15-25mm,厚度为3-6mm的木片,并进行水洗;
第二步:添加石墨烯,在60%固含量的三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂内加入溶剂为乙酰胺,固含量为5%的石墨烯溶液,添加量为树脂固含量的6%,其中石墨烯层数为2-5层,平均厚度1-3 nm,直径3-5um,混合均匀,待用;
第三步:蒸煮软化木片,蒸煮温度175-180℃,压力7.5bar,时间3分钟,再通过热磨机分离纤维,加入石蜡,添加量为绝干纤维的0.5%;
第四步:纤维施加三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂,施胶量为90-110 kg/m³,再进行干燥,干燥后纤维含水率10-13%;
第五步:纤维铺装成型,准备热压,温度区分别是210-220、200-190、175-185、170-180、160-170℃;
第四步,冷却→砂光→验等→包装。
所制得的纤维板理化性能满足国家标准,其中导热性能达到14.7℃/h,普通纤维板导热性能在12℃/h左右。
进一步的,还可制作成适用于地暖的强化地板芯板。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,具体步骤包括:木材剥皮→削片→筛选→水洗→蒸煮→纤维分离→调施胶→纤维干燥→铺装成型→预压→热压→冷却→砂光→检验分等→包装入库,其特征在于:所述调施胶步骤中,将含石墨烯的树脂施加到纤维中,所述含石墨烯树脂质量占绝干纤维质量的8~12%。
2.根据权利要求1所述含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述含石墨烯树脂质量占绝干纤维质量的10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述含石墨烯的树脂,是在脲醛树脂(UF)、三聚氰胺树脂(MF)、酚醛树脂(PF)或者异氰酸酯树脂中加入石墨烯,添加量为树脂固含量的0.1~1%。
4.根据权利要求3所述含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述添加量为树脂固含量的0.5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述含石墨烯的树脂,是在脲醛树脂(UF)、三聚氰胺树脂(MF)、酚醛树脂(PF)或者异氰酸酯树脂中加入石墨烯溶液,添加量为树脂固含量的5~20%。
6.根据权利要求5所述含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述添加量为树脂固含量的12%。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述含石墨烯纤维板的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述石墨烯溶液,其中,石墨烯质量百分比浓度为1~5%,溶剂为水、N-甲基吡络烷酮、N、N-二甲基酰胺、乙酰胺、或氯仿。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述工艺制备得到的含石墨烯纤维板。
9.一种如权利要求8所述含石墨烯纤维板的应用,其特征在于:将其应用于需要有热传导效应纤维板的领域。
10.根据权利要求9所述含石墨烯纤维板的应用,其特征在于:将其应用于地暖地板的芯板。
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