CN113632751B - Jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction - Google Patents
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- 241000242583 Scyphozoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000243320 Hydrozoa Species 0.000 claims description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000133262 Nauplius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 21
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014639 sexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000657665 Rhopilema esculentum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction, which belongs to the field of aquaculture, and provides suitable conditions for podocyst reproduction for preparing jellyfish scyphoid seedling plates, promotes scyphoids to generate high-quality podocysts, and naturally falls with water temperature to enter an overwintering cultivation stage; inducing the scyphistoma to generate cross-cleft reproduction and release a seedling of the scyphistoma by adopting a low-temperature chemical induction method in spring; after the dish-shaped bodies are released, collecting the seedling plates attached with a large number of foot sacs in a nursing pool, and entering a foot sac nursing dormancy stage; and (3) promoting the podocyst to germinate by adopting podocyst germination induction measures in late summer and early autumn to generate new scyphistoma, and starting a new seedling production period. The invention only obtains enough scyphistoma through asexual propagation to ensure the normal production of the dish-shaped fry, avoids the great investment of collecting and catching the scyphistoma from the natural sea area every year and indoor temperature control cultivation, provides the non-low-temperature type podocyst dormancy conservation method, fully utilizes a great amount of podocysts generated in the scyphistoma growth process, and saves the production cost of the fry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture fry breeding, and particularly relates to a jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction.
Background
The jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye 1891) belongs to the phylum Cnidaria, the class of potted-water jellyfish and the genus of jellyfish, is a large edible jellyfish with the highest economic value, and is also one of the important mariculture and breeding objects in the marine fishery of China. Since the 21 st century, the development of the pond culture of jellyfishes is rapid, the research work of the industrial jellyfish seedling culture is rapidly carried out, particularly, the jellyfish culture and proliferation industry of Liaoning and Shandong provinces is rapidly developed, the benefit is considerable, and the output value of the related industry reaches billions of yuan.
Jellyfish has typical generation alternate life history, including sexual generation of water parents living in floating and asexual generation of hydranth living in attaching. Sexual reproduction refers to that adult stings lay eggs and discharge sperms to form fertilized eggs when the conditions are proper, and the fertilized eggs develop into floating wave larvae and are attached and metamorphosed into scyphistoma bodies; asexual reproduction comprises two forms of transverse fission reproduction and podocyst reproduction, wherein the transverse fission reproduction means that the jellyfish scyphoid generates disc-shaped juveniles in a way of splitting nodes and develops into a jellyfish; the podocyst reproduction refers to an asexual reproduction mode that jellyfish hydroid bodies germinate into new hydroid bodies under proper conditions by generating dormant podocysts.
At present, the traditional jellyfish fry production process mainly utilizes sexual reproduction and cross-section reproduction processes, mainly includes that jellyfish parents are harvested in natural sea areas in summer every year, indoor or outdoor cultivation is carried out for a period of time, fertilized eggs are obtained by induced spawning when the water temperature is reduced in autumn, scyphistoma fries are obtained after attachment and metamorphosis, and the dish-shaped fries are cultivated by artificially raising the temperature in spring the second year. On one hand, the foot sacs are not sufficiently utilized in the existing seedling production process, a large amount of foot sacs generated in the process of growing the scyphistoma are wasted, and on the other hand, the problems of high risk, high cost and the like exist in the processes of picking, catching and transporting the jellyfish and artificial breeding indoors. In addition, the existing podocyst preservation method mainly inhibits germination through artificial low temperature (for example, patent of 'a jellyfish asexual reproduction fine breed breeding method'), the cost is too high to be used for large-scale seedling production, the number of jellyfish hydroids can be maintained or even increased through podocyst reproduction, enough hydroids are guaranteed to be used for producing dish-shaped seedlings, and a podocyst dormancy method without low temperature is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction, which makes full use of the podocyst reproduction characteristics of jellyfish hydroids, keeps the number of hydroids in the interplanetary without sexual reproduction process, and cultivates the plate-shaped fry.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for producing jellyfish fries based on podocyst reproduction comprises preparing a jellyfish scyphistoma seedling plate, providing suitable conditions for podocyst reproduction, promoting the scyphistoma to generate high-quality podocysts, and naturally descending along with water temperature to enter an overwintering cultivation stage; inducing the scyphistoma to generate cross-cleft reproduction and release a seedling of the scyphistoma by adopting a low-temperature chemical induction method in spring; after the dish-shaped bodies are released, collecting the seedling plates attached with a large number of foot sacs in a nursing pool, and entering a foot sac nursing dormancy stage; and (3) promoting the podocyst to germinate by adopting podocyst germination induction measures in late summer and early autumn to generate new scyphistoma, and starting a new seedling production period.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) forming a foot sac: in 9 months, obtaining a scyphistoma seedling plate, and promoting the scyphistoma to form a high-quality podocyst;
further, the suitable conditions for the foot sac reproduction are as follows: the water temperature is 15-25 ℃, the salinity is 20-25, the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5mg/L, the illumination is less than 500lux, the water is changed once every 3-5 days, the water is changed 1/4-1/3 every time, the water changing interval is prolonged along with the temperature reduction, the water changing temperature difference is not more than 2 ℃, the bait is newly hatched artemia nauplius, the artemia nauplii are enriched in nutrition, the feeding is carried out for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount is 9-11 times of the number of jellyfish hydroids.
2) Overwintering cultivation: in 12 middle ten days of the month, keeping the temperature of the overwintering pond at 2-10 ℃, feeding for 1 time every week, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10 times of the number of scyphistoma, changing water every half month, slightly inflating every day, keeping the dissolved oxygen amount in water above 5mg/L, keeping the pond dim light or dark, and the illumination intensity is 0-500 lux;
further, stopping feeding and changing water when the temperature of the culture pond in the step 2) is lower than 4 ℃.
3) Inducing the transverse fissure to reproduce: at the end of 3 months in the spring of the next year, moving a proper amount of seedling plates into a seedling raising pool in advance according to the time required by jellyfish seedlings, keeping the water temperature at 10-15 ℃, illuminating at 1800-2400 lux, feeding artemia nauplii once every 2 days, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10 times of the quantity of the hydroid, adding a chemical inducer for cross-split reproduction into the breeding pool after nutrition is strengthened for 1-2 weeks, promoting synchronous cross-split of the hydroid, and replacing new water to remove the inducing reagent when the cross-split reproduction rate is about 80%;
furthermore, the inducing reagent is indometacin, and the final concentration of the indometacin in the water body of the culture pond is 5 mu M.
Further, the water was replaced with fresh water 3 times in the step 3) to completely remove the inducing agent.
4) And (3) dormancy and conservation of the foot sac: in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, the disc-shaped bodies are released, and then the high density of the sacs seedling plates is concentrated in the nursery pond, and the density of the seedling plates is120-160 seedling plates/m3When the outdoor natural water temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the seeds can be preserved by using a temperature control method, and the maximum temperature of the water in the conservation pool is controlled not to exceed 15 ℃; when the natural water temperature is higher than 15 ℃, adding a certain amount of ammonium chloride into the culture pond, reducing the dissolved oxygen of the water body and inhibiting the germination of the foot sac; water salinity of 20-32, illumination<500lux, no bait or dry dew, and changing water once every 30-50 days;
further, the final concentration of the ammonium chloride is 10-25ppm, and the content of dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.5-1 mg/L;
5) and (3) germination of foot sacs: in the last ten days of 8 months, evacuating podocyst seedling plates to a new culture pond, replacing fresh seawater, increasing aeration quantity, feeding a small amount of bait every day, slowly increasing bait feeding quantity along with the germination condition of the podocyst, changing water once every 5-10 days, and keeping proper conditions: the water temperature is 20-30 ℃, the salinity is 20-30, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, and the illumination is less than 500lux until the podocyst germinates to form enough new scyphoids.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention promotes the scyphistoma to generate high-quality podocysts by providing the suitable conditions for scyphistoma reproduction; adopting a low-temperature chemical induction method to inhibit podocyst germination and simultaneously inducing scyphistoma to generate cross-cleft reproduction to release scyphistoma seedlings; after the dish-shaped body is released, the foot sac attached to the seedling plate enters a foot sac nursing stage; and (3) promoting the podocyst to germinate by adopting podocyst germination induction measures in late summer and early autumn to generate new scyphistoma, and starting a new seedling production period. According to the invention, enough scyphistoma is obtained only through asexual propagation, so that the normal production of the dish-shaped fry is ensured, the large investment of collecting and catching the scyphistoma from the natural sea area and indoor temperature control cultivation is avoided, the non-low-temperature type podocyst dormancy conservation method is provided, a large amount of podocysts generated in the scyphistoma growth process are fully utilized, and the fry production cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific examples:
example 1
A jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction comprises the steps of podocyst formation, overwintering cultivation, transverse fissure induction reproduction, podocyst dormancy conservation and podocyst germination.
1) Forming a foot sac: selecting and purchasing a new scyphoid seedling plate from a jellyfish seedling field in 9 months, wherein the adhesion density of the scyphoid larvae on the seedling plate is (1-2.5) per cm2Washing with clean seawater, and placing in a culture pond with a density of 40 seedling plates/m3And arranging light-shielding plastic cloth on the ceiling of the workshop to ensure that the illumination is less than 500lux, changing water once every 5 days, and sucking bottom-layer seawater from the bottom of the pool by a siphon method, wherein the water is changed at 1/4-1/3 every time. Natural seawater is filtered by sand, the water temperature is gradually reduced to 10 ℃ from 25 ℃, the salinity is 22-23, the dissolved oxygen is about 6mg/L, the water changing interval is prolonged along with the temperature reduction, the water changing temperature difference is not more than 2 ℃, bait is newly hatched nutrition-enhanced artemia nauplii, and the bait is fed for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount is about 10 times of the quantity of jellyfish scyphistoma. The scyphistoma is orange after being fed with food and pale when hungry, and the feeding times and the feeding amount are adjusted according to the color of the scyphistoma. After 12 days of culture, 5-15 podosomes are formed for each hydroid.
2) Overwintering cultivation: in 12 middle of the month, when the natural water temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃, entering into the overwintering cultivation stage. And when the temperature of the cultivation pond is lower than 2 ℃ in 1 month, heating the workshop by using a heater, and keeping the temperature of the water in the cultivation pond above 2 ℃. Feeding artemia nauplii for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10 times of the number of scyphi. Changing water once every half month, changing water 1/4, slightly inflating for about 1h every day, inflating for 2-3h after bait casting, maintaining the dissolved oxygen amount in water to be more than 5mg/L, and keeping the pond to be dim light or dark, wherein the light intensity is 0-500 lux. Stopping feeding and changing water when the temperature of the culture pond is lower than 4 ℃.
3) Inducing the transverse fissure to reproduce: and (3) removing the shading plastic cloth at the bottom of spring 3 months, transferring a proper amount of seedling plates into a seedling culture pond, and culturing under indoor natural light conditions (1800 lux-2400 lux). In the daytime, when the indoor water temperature rises faster, proper windowing and ventilation are carried out, water changing is added, the water temperature is controlled to be 10-15 ℃, artemia nauplii are fed once every 2 days, generally the quantity of the artemia nauplii is 5-10 times that of the artemia nauplii, the feeding amount is adjusted according to the color of the artemia nauplii, after nutrition is enhanced for 2 weeks, a cross-split reproductive chemistry inducer (5 mu M indomethacin) is added into a culture pond to promote cross-split reproduction of the artemia nauplii, the cross-split reproductive rate is counted every day after the inducer is added, and when the cross-split reproductive rate reaches about 80% in about one week, all seawater removal inducing reagents are replaced by 3 times. Each scyphoid forms 3-10 discs, the discs begin to release about two weeks later, and the discs are substantially released over four weeks later.
4) And (3) dormancy and conservation of the foot sac: in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, the high density of the podocyst seedling plates after the release of the disc-shaped bodies is concentrated in the conservation pool, and the density of the seedling plates is 120-160 seedling plates/m3When the outdoor natural water temperature is lower than 15 ℃ in spring and the indoor water temperature rises faster in daytime, the maximum temperature of the water in the nursing pool is controlled to be not more than 15 ℃ by measures of ventilation in the morning and at night, increasing water change and the like; when the natural water temperature is higher than 15 ℃, adding 15ppm of ammonium chloride into the water, covering a plastic film above the pool body to reduce the dissolved oxygen of the water body, wherein the content of the dissolved oxygen is 0.5-1mg/L, and inhibiting the germination of the podocyst; maintaining illumination<500lux, water salinity 25, water change 1/4 every 30 days without bait.
5) And (3) germination of foot sacs: in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, naturally cooling water at 25-30 deg.C, and dispersing the podocyst seedling plates into a new culture pond with a density of 40 seedling plates/m3Replacing fresh seawater, increasing aeration amount, feeding 1 time per day, inducing podocyst germination, water temperature 25-26 deg.C, salinity 22-23, dissolved oxygen 7-8mg/L, and illuminating<500 lux. The water is changed every 5 days, and the bait feeding amount is gradually increased to 1/10 from 1/100 of the foot sac amount. The podocyst germinates to form the new scyphoid within one week, the germination condition is counted every week, the podocyst germination rate reaches about 25% about one month, and a large number of scyphoids are formed.
Claims (5)
1. A jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) forming a foot sac: in 9 months, obtaining a scyphistoma seedling plate, and promoting the scyphistoma to form a high-quality podocyst;
2) overwintering cultivation: in 12 ten days in the middle of the month, keeping the temperature of the overwintering pond at 2-10 ℃, feeding artemia nauplii for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10 times of the number of the artemia nauplii, changing water every half month, slightly inflating every day, keeping the dissolved oxygen content above 5mg/L, and keeping the illumination in the pond at 0-500 lux;
3) inducing the transverse fissure to reproduce: at the end of 3 months in the spring of the next year, according to the time required by jellyfish seedlings, moving the seedling plates into a seedling raising pool in advance, keeping the water temperature at 10-15 ℃, illuminating at 1800-2400 lux, feeding artemia nauplii once every 2 days, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10 times of the quantity of the scyphistophores, adding a chemical inducer for cross-split reproduction into the breeding pool after nutrition is enhanced for 1-2 weeks, promoting synchronous cross-split of the scyphistophores, and replacing a new water removal induction reagent when the cross-split reproduction rate is about 80%;
4) and (3) dormancy and conservation of the foot sac: in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, the high density of the podocyst seedling plates after the release of the disc-shaped bodies is concentrated in the conservation pool, and the density of the seedling plates is 120-160 seedling plates/m3When the outdoor natural water temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the seeds are preserved by using a temperature control method, and the maximum temperature of the water in the indoor incubation pool is controlled not to exceed 15 ℃; when the natural water temperature is higher than 15 ℃, adding a certain amount of ammonium chloride into the culture pond, reducing the dissolved oxygen of the water body and inhibiting the germination of the foot sac; water salinity of 20-32, illumination<500lux, no bait or dry dew, and changing water once every 30-50 days;
5) and (3) germination of foot sacs: in the last ten days of 8 months, evacuating podocyst seedling plates to a new culture pond, replacing fresh seawater, increasing aeration quantity, feeding a small amount of bait every day, slowly increasing the bait feeding quantity along with the germination condition of the podocysts, gradually increasing the bait feeding quantity from 1/100 of the podocysts to 1/10, changing water once every 5-10 days, and maintaining the water quality condition: the water temperature is 20-30 ℃, the salinity is 20-30, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, and the illumination is less than 500lux until the podocyst germinates to form enough new scyphistoma;
the conditions for forming the foot capsule in the step 1) are as follows: the water temperature is 15-25 ℃, the salinity is 20-25, the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5mg/L, the illumination is less than 500lux, the water is changed once every 3-5 days, the water is changed 1/4-1/3 every time, the water changing interval is prolonged along with the temperature reduction, the water changing temperature difference is not more than 2 ℃, the bait is newly hatched artemia nauplius, the artemia nauplii are enriched in nutrition, the feeding is carried out for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount is 9-11 times of the number of jellyfish hydroids.
2. The method for producing jellyfish fries based on podocyst reproduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding and water changing are stopped when the temperature of the rearing pond in the step 2) is lower than 4 ℃.
3. The method for producing jellyfish fingerlings based on podocyst reproduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inducing reagent of step 3) is indomethacin, so that the final concentration of indomethacin in the water body of the cultivation pond is 5 μ M.
4. The method for producing jellyfish fingerlings based on podocyst reproduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water is replaced with fresh water 3 times in step 3) to completely remove the inducing agent.
5. The method for producing jellyfish fingerlings based on podocyst reproduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the final concentration of ammonium chloride added in step 4) is 10-25ppm, and the dissolved oxygen content is controlled to be 0.5-1 mg/L.
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| CN101411320B (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2011-04-13 | 中国海洋大学 | Overyearing conservation and asexual propagation method for hydranth of jellyfish |
| CN101874475B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of jelly fish short-term low-temperature induction rearing method |
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| CN103947595A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-07-30 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for quickly and synchronously inducing transverse fissures of jellyfish and aurelia aurita scyphistomae |
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