CN109644912B - Specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for portunus trituberculatus - Google Patents
Specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for portunus trituberculatus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing non-specific pathogen seedlings of portunus trituberculatus, which belongs to the field of aquaculture, and comprises the steps of collecting young portunus trituberculatus VI, temporarily culturing in an indoor cement pond, and numbering at the cephalothorax part; and then detecting common viruses of the portunids, and transferring the common viruses into a plastic box for independent culture. 1:1 pairing female and male crabs, transferring the paired female and male crabs into 1 plastic box, and carrying out copulation and fattening; and in the middle ten days of the month 11, common virus detection is carried out on the copulated female crabs, and the copulated female crabs enter an overwintering pool. Performing parent crab intensive cultivation and common virus detection in 3 months of the next year, and entering a nursery pond; feeding controllable bait during seedling raising; adjusting water quality, and changing water in the seedling process; and (4) the seedlings reach the commodity specification, common viruses are detected by sampling, and the seedlings in the seedling raising pool with the positive rate less than 2% enter the market. The invention realizes the SPF (specific pathogen free) offspring seed production of the portunus trituberculatus, the offspring seed yield is averagely improved by 27.5 percent, and the breeding survival rate is averagely improved by 30.29 percent; the water for seedling culture is reduced by 200 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for portunus trituberculatus.
Background
Portunus trituberculatus (Portunus trituberculatus) is an important marine economic animal, and has high economic value because of fast growth, large size and delicious meat flavor, is well popular with the public. Therefore, the ecological floating bed is gradually expanded as a culture object, the culture area is 50 ten thousand mu, the yield reaches 10 ten thousand tons, and the ecological floating bed becomes one of the leading varieties of marine culture in China. With the expansion of the culture scale, various diseases follow up, for example, WSSV, CMNV and other viral infections cause the survival rate of the blue crab culture to be greatly reduced, and a plurality of ponds even dead zones cause great harm to industrial economy. Expert researches find that WSSV and CMNV are viruses capable of being vertically transmitted, parents can be transmitted to offspring seeds, and if the offspring seeds carry the WSSV and CMNV viruses, large-scale diseases are easy to outbreak in the middle and later periods of cultivation along with the deterioration of the cultivation environment, so that heavy loss is caused. Therefore, the important significance of culturing SPF (Specific pathogen free) namely Specific pathogen-free offspring seeds is great, the disease outbreak frequency and scale can be effectively reduced, and the healthy development of the breeding industry is promoted. However, the portunus trituberculatus is generally cultivated in outdoor ponds on large water surfaces due to fierce fighting and serious killing, and the indoor whole-course cultivation of the portunus trituberculatus is not reported. The water for outdoor large water surface cultivation is difficult to disinfect, and the water source is easy to carry various pathogens, which is one of the technical bottlenecks in the production of the SPF seedlings of the portunus trituberculatus. When virus detection is carried out, portunus trituberculatus tissues need to be extracted, if muscle tissues are cut, infection and death are easily caused, and the method is also one of the technical bottlenecks in the production of the SPF (specific pathogen free) seedlings of the portunus trituberculatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a Portunus trituberculatus SPF offspring seed cultivation method, the method carries out virus detection by extracting the blood of the Portunus trituberculatus, and the detection effect and the survival rate of the Portunus trituberculatus are ensured; then, through experiments, the plastic box culture device is invented, and the circulating water technology is combined, so that the indoor whole-course culture and normal development of the portunus trituberculatus are realized; the technology of regulating and controlling the seedling water quality by adding zeolite powder is utilized, zero water change in the whole seedling process is realized, and the pathogen transmission opportunity is reduced; finally, after the seedling culture is finished, the water for seedling culture is discharged into the shellfish culture pond, so that the sewage discharge is reduced, and the green seedling culture is realized. The whole production process not only realizes the production of the SPF seedlings of the portunus trituberculatus, but also greatly reduces the utilization amount of seawater resources, reduces sewage discharge and protects resources.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for Portunus trituberculatus, which comprises the following steps: selecting portunus trituberculatus, culturing in indoor circulating water, performing indoor artificial control mating, overwintering in an indoor cement pond, performing enhanced culture in the indoor cement pond, performing indoor green seedling culture, and treating tail water of seedling culture.
(1) Selecting portunus trituberculatus: collecting young blue crabs of the VI stage of a new variety of the blue crab 'Huang select No. 1', temporarily culturing in an indoor cement pond, after temporarily culturing for 72h, extracting 0.5ml of blood from the swimming foot base, and disinfecting blood extraction parts before and after blood extraction, and numbering; then detecting common viruses of the portunus trituberculatus;
(2) indoor circulating water culture: selecting an individual blue crab with a negative detection result, transferring the individual blue crab into an indoor polyethylene plastic box for independent culture: the plastic box is 50cm by 40cm by 20cm in length, is divided into a sand area 25cm by 40cm by 6cm and a bait casting area, is provided with an air charging device, adopts circulating water culture, and is fed with blue clams during culture;
(3) indoor manual control mating: after culturing for 40 days, pairing 1:1 mature male and female crabs, transferring the crabs into 1 plastic box, carrying out copulation, enabling the male crabs to appear on the market after the copulation is finished, and continuously culturing and fattening the female crabs;
further step (3) the mature development of the male crabs is characterized by the weight of over 180g, and the development of the female crabs is characterized by the complete black color of the umbilical part;
(4) overwintering in an indoor cement pond: in 11 ten days of the month, performing common virus detection on female crabs again, and entering an indoor sand-spreading overwintering pool if the detection result is negative, wherein the detection method is as in step (1), feeding clamworms with the weight of 3-5% of the crabs during the overwintering period, and keeping the water temperature at 9 +/-0.5 ℃;
(5) and (3) strengthening and cultivating an indoor cement pond: in the last ten days of 3 months, gradually increasing the water temperature of the overwintering pond to 20 +/-0.5 ℃ according to the increment of 0.5 ℃/d, and feeding clamworms with the crab weight of 10-15 percent during the intensive cultivation period;
(6) indoor green seedling culture: after the parent crabs take eggs, common virus detection is carried out before parturition, and the detection method is as the step (1); the crab with negative detection result is placed into indoor nursery ponds, 1 nursery pond is placed into each parent crab, the water level of each nursery pond is 1.3m, and the density of the daphnia-shaped larva in the stage I is controlled to be 5 ten thousand/m3Standardized larva cultivation is carried out; when the crab grows to be a young crab, common virus detection is carried out, and the crab enters the market for cultivation if the detection result is negative;
further, the standardized larva cultivation in the step (6) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) bait throwing
Feeding shrimp slices with artificial compound feed for the daphnia larvae in the I stage, feeding small artemia for the daphnia larvae in the II stage, the III stage and the IV stage, and feeding large artemia for the megalops and the juvenile crabs, wherein the small artemia and the large artemia are artificially hatched and cultured.
(2) Water quality control
Adding zeolite powder into the seedling raising pond to regulate water quality, adsorbing ammoniacal nitrogen, organic matters and heavy metals in water, reducing toxicity of hydrogen sulfide at the bottom of the pond, regulating pH value, improving the environment at the bottom of the pond and enhancing immunity of larvae.
Further, the method for detecting the juvenile crab viruses in the step (6) comprises the following specific steps:
150 young crabs are randomly extracted from each nursery pond, each young crab is integrally ground, and CMNV and WSSV detection is carried out, so that the seedlings in the nursery ponds with the positive rate of less than 2 percent enter the market.
(7) Seedling tail water treatment: and after the seedling culture is finished, tail water is discharged from the seedling culture pond and transferred to the culture pond, and shellfish culture is carried out due to the fact that the tail water is relatively fertile.
And (3) further, the portunus trituberculatus, the indoor cement pond, the polyethylene plastic box, the seawater, the silt, the bait and the operation tool need to be strictly disinfected before being used in the steps (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention performs virus detection by drawing blood from the swimming foot base and performs whole-course cultivation by combining an indoor polyethylene plastic box with a circulating water technology, solves the technical bottleneck and realizes the SPF (specific pathogen free) offspring seed production of the portunus trituberculatus.
2. The invention regulates and controls the seedling water quality by adding zeolite powder, improves the pool bottom environment, enhances the immunity of the larva, and improves the yield and the quality of the seedling; the water is changed in the seedling raising process, so that the utilization amount of water resources is reduced, and the spread of pathogens is reduced.
3. The water for seedling culture is finally discharged into the pond for shellfish culture, thereby reducing sewage discharge, protecting the environment and realizing green seedling culture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 the plastic box for the individual breeding of blue crabs of the present invention: 1. a sand laying area 2, a bait casting area 3, a water inlet pipe 4 and a water outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical process of the present invention is described in detail below by way of examples:
a specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for portunus trituberculatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of portunus trituberculatus selection, indoor circulating water culture, indoor artificial control mating, indoor cement pond overwintering, indoor cement pond reinforced culture, indoor green seedling culture and seedling culture tail water treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting portunus trituberculatus: adopting a chicken head trapping mode, selecting a No. 1 yellow new variety demonstration breeding pond from the blue crabs, collecting blue crabs in the No. 1 yellow selection VI stage, and temporarily breeding in an indoor cement pond; after 72h, 0.5ml of blood is extracted from the base of the swimming foot, and the blood-extracted part is disinfected by medical alcohol before and after blood extraction, and is numbered on the cephalothorax nail part; then detecting common viruses CMNV and WSSV of the swimming crabs;
before entering the pool, the portunus trituberculatus, the cement pool, seawater, operating tools and the like need to be strictly disinfected, and the disinfection mode of the portunus trituberculatus is as follows: 3mg/L to 5mg/L povidone iodine (the content of effective iodine is 9.0 percent to 12.0 percent) is used for medicinal bath for 15 min; the cement pond disinfection mode is as follows: soaking with 100mg/L bleaching powder for 24h for overall disinfection, disinfecting the tank wall, aeration facilities and operation tools with 20mg/L potassium permanganate, and finally washing with fresh water and drying in the air; the seawater disinfection mode is as follows: adding 120g/m3～150g/m3And sodium hypochlorite solution containing 8-10% of available chlorine is used for disinfection, sodium thiosulfate is added after 12 hours to eliminate residual chlorine, and the water is aerated after chlorine removal.
(2) Indoor circulating water culture: selecting a portunus trituberculatus individual with a negative detection result, transferring the portunus trituberculatus individual into an indoor polyethylene plastic box, and independently culturing the portunus trituberculatus individual as shown in the figure 1: the plastic box is 50cm long, 40cm high, 20cm, divided into a sand laying area 1 and a bait casting area 2, the specification of the sand laying area is 25cm, 40cm and 6cm, an air charging device is arranged, circulating water culture is adopted, a water inlet pipe 3 and a water outlet 4 are arranged, and blue clams are fed during culture; the water temperature is natural water temperature, and the bait feeding amount is 8-15% of the crab weight; the seawater disinfection mode is as the step (1), the silt disinfection mode is as the overwintering pond, the bait disinfection mode: soaking in 20mg/L potassium permanganate for 5min, and cleaning with fresh water.
(3) Indoor manual control mating: after culturing for 40 days, pairing 1:1 mature male and female crabs, transferring the crabs into 1 plastic box, carrying out copulation, enabling the male crabs to appear on the market after the copulation is finished, and continuously culturing and fattening the female crabs; wherein the mature male crab is characterized by over 180g of body weight, and the mature female crab is characterized by complete black umbilical region; the bait feeding mode in the fattening process is as the step 2.
(4) Overwintering in an indoor cement pond: in 11-month middle ten days, performing CMNV and WSSV detection on the female crabs again, enabling the female crabs with negative detection results to enter an indoor sand-laying overwintering pool, feeding clamworms with the weight of 3-5% of the crabs during the overwintering period, enabling the water level to be 1.3m, starting to be the natural water temperature, stabilizing the water temperature to be 9 +/-0.5 ℃ by heating equipment when the natural water temperature is lower than 9 ℃, changing the water by 50% every other day, and not less than 5.0mg/L of dissolved oxygen; and (3) sterilizing the overwintering pond, silt, bait and seawater in steps (1) and (2).
(5) And (3) strengthening and cultivating an indoor cement pond: in last 3 months, gradually increasing the water temperature of the overwintering pond to 20 +/-0.5 ℃ according to the increase of 0.5 ℃/d, carrying out intensive culture, changing water by 50% every day, and feeding clamworms with the crab weight of 10-15% in the intensive culture period, wherein the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0 mg/L; sterilizing seawater and bait in steps (1) and (2).
(6) Indoor green seedling culture: after the egg block of the parent crab is blackened, the heartbeat reaches 120 times/min, and CMNV and WSSV detection is started, wherein the detection method is as the step (1); the crab with negative detection result is placed into indoor nursery ponds, 1 nursery pond is placed into each parent crab, the water level of each nursery pond is 1.3m, and the density of the daphnia-shaped larva in the stage I is controlled to be 5 ten thousand/m3Standardized larva cultivation is carried out; when the crab grows to be a young crab, CMNV and WSSV detection is carried out, and the crab enters the market for cultivation if the detection result is negative; sterilizing the nursery pond, the seawater, the bait and the operation tool as in step (1).
Standardized larva cultivation, the specific method is as follows:
1) bait throwing
Feeding shrimp slices with artificial compound feed for the daphnia larvae in the I stage, feeding small artemia for the daphnia larvae in the II stage, the III stage and the IV stage, and feeding large artemia for the megalops and the juvenile crabs, wherein the small artemia and the large artemia are artificially hatched and cultured.
Feeding the daphnia larvas in the II stage and the III stage for 4 to 6 times, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 1.5ind/mL to 3 ind/mL; feeding artemia nauplii for 6-8 times a day by the daphnia-shaped larvae in the IV stage, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2 ind/mL-3 ind/mL; feeding live giant artemia to megalops, I-stage juvenile crabs and II-stage juvenile crabs, wherein the feeding amount per day is 10ind, 20ind and 30ind respectively.
2) Water quality control
According to 100g/m3The zeolite powder is added into the nursery pond every day for water quality regulation.
The method for detecting the juvenile crab virus comprises the following steps:
150 young crabs are randomly extracted from each nursery pond, each young crab is integrally ground, and CMNV and WSSV detection is carried out, so that the seedlings in the nursery ponds with the positive rate of less than 2 percent enter the market.
(7) Seedling tail water treatment: and after the seedling culture is finished, tail water is discharged from the seedling culture pond and is transferred to a culture pond through a plastic pipe, and shellfish culture such as clams and clams is carried out.
The seedlings cultivated by the method have the advantages of low morbidity, high survival rate and the like. The method for cultivating the SPF (specific pathogen free) offspring seeds of the portunus trituberculatus is tested and researched by Haifeng aquaculture Limited company in Changyi city, but the method is not limited to be suitable for the place. Proved by groping experiments, the method can greatly improve the yield and the quality of the portunid seedlings and obtain good economic benefit.
Take Changyi Haifeng aquaculture Limited liability company as an example: the total volume of the 28 indoor seedling raising ponds is 840 cubic water bodies, the method is adopted to cultivate seedlings, 780 ten thousand of juvenile crabs are produced in the second period, and compared with the traditional seedling raising method, the average yield of the seedlings is improved by 27.5 percent, and the water consumption is reduced by 200 percent; the seedlings cultivated by the method have low morbidity and the average survival rate is 17.85 percent, and compared with the seedlings cultivated by the traditional seedling cultivation method, the survival rate of the cultivation is improved by 30.29 percent. The economic, ecological and social benefits are remarkable. Therefore, the offspring seed is popular with farmers and has wide development prospect.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (4)
1. A specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for Portunus trituberculatus comprises the following steps: selecting portunus trituberculatus, culturing in indoor circulating water, performing indoor artificial control mating, overwintering in an indoor cement pond, performing enhanced culture in the indoor cement pond, performing indoor green seedling culture and treating tail water of the seedling culture; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting portunus trituberculatus: collecting young portunus trituberculatus of 'Huang Chong No. 1' new variety VI stage, temporarily culturing in an indoor cement pond, after temporarily culturing for 72h, extracting 0.5ml of blood from the swimming foot base, sterilizing the blood extraction part before and after blood extraction, and numbering individual portunus trituberculatus; then detecting common viruses of the portunus trituberculatus;
(2) indoor circulating water culture: selecting an individual blue crab with a negative virus detection result, transferring the individual blue crab into an indoor plastic box for independent cultivation, wherein the length, width and height of the plastic box are 50cm, 40cm and 20cm, the plastic box is divided into a sand area, 25cm, 40cm and 6cm and a bait casting area, an aerating device is arranged, circulating water cultivation is adopted, and blue clams are fed during cultivation;
(3) indoor manual control mating: pairing developed female and male portunus trituberculatus crabs 1:1, transferring into 1 plastic box, copulating, after copulating is finished, selling the male portunus trituberculatus crabs, and continuously culturing and fattening the female portunus trituberculatus crabs;
(4) overwintering in an indoor cement pond: in 11 ten days of the month, common virus detection is carried out on female portunus trituberculatus again, if the detection result is negative, the female portunus trituberculatus enters an indoor sand-spreading overwintering pool, the detection method is as the step (1), clamworms with the weight of 3-5% of the portunus trituberculatus are fed during the overwintering period, and the water temperature is 9 +/-0.5 ℃;
(5) and (3) strengthening and cultivating an indoor cement pond: in the last ten days of 3 months, gradually increasing the water temperature of the overwintering pond to 20 +/-0.5 ℃ according to the increment of 0.5 ℃/d, and feeding clamworms with the weight of the portunus trituberculatus accounting for 10-15 percent of the weight of the portunus trituberculatus during the intensive cultivation period;
(6) indoor green seedling culture: after parent portunus trituberculatus crabs hold eggs, common virus detection is carried out before parturition, and the detection method is as the step (1); the test result is negative, the blue crab parent crab enters an indoor nursery pond, each blue crab parent crab is placed into 1 nursery pond, the water level of each nursery pond is 1.3m, and daphnia larvae are placed in the nursery ponds
The density of the phase is controlled to be 5 thousands/m3Standardized larva cultivation is carried out; when the crab grows to be a young crab, common virus detection is carried out, and the crab enters the market for cultivation if the detection result is negative;
(7) seedling tail water treatment: and after the seedling culture is finished, tail water is discharged from the seedling culture pond and transferred to the culture pond, and shellfish culture is carried out due to the fact that the tail water is relatively fertile.
2. The method for cultivating Portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds without specific pathogens according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the mature development characteristics of male Portunus trituberculatus are above 180g of body weight, and the mature development characteristics of female Portunus trituberculatus are completely black at umbilical region.
3. The method for cultivating Portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds without specific pathogens according to claim 1, characterized in that the standardized cultivation of larvae in step (6) is as follows:
(1) bait throwing
Artificial compound feed for shrimp slices fed to daphnia-shaped larvae in stage I, and the daphnia-shaped larvae
A period,
A period,
Feeding small artemia in the stage, feeding large artemia to megalops and young crabs, wherein the small artemia and the large artemia are both artificially incubated and cultured;
(2) water quality control
Adding zeolite powder into the seedling raising pond to regulate water quality, adsorbing ammoniacal nitrogen, organic matters and heavy metals in water, reducing toxicity of hydrogen sulfide at the bottom of the pond, regulating pH value, improving the environment at the bottom of the pond and enhancing immunity of larvae.
4. The method for cultivating Portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds without specific pathogens according to claim 1, wherein the virus of the young crabs is detected in the step (6), and the specific method is as follows: 150 young crabs are randomly extracted from each nursery pond, each young crab is integrally ground, and CMNV and WSSV detection is carried out, so that the seedlings in the nursery ponds with the positive rate of less than 2 percent enter the market.
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Application publication date: 20190419 Assignee: CHANGYI HAIFENG AQUACULTURE Co.,Ltd. Assignor: YELLOW SEA FISHERIES Research Institute CHINESE ACADEMY OF FISHERY SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2021370010010 Denomination of invention: A method of breeding Portunus trituberculatus without specific pathogen Granted publication date: 20200602 License type: Common License Record date: 20210325 |
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