CN113624388A - Pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system of gas turbine pull rod rotor - Google Patents
Pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system of gas turbine pull rod rotor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113624388A CN113624388A CN202110773127.7A CN202110773127A CN113624388A CN 113624388 A CN113624388 A CN 113624388A CN 202110773127 A CN202110773127 A CN 202110773127A CN 113624388 A CN113624388 A CN 113624388A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/243—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using washers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration system of pull rod pretightening force-tightening torque applicable to a pull rod rotor of a gas turbine and an implementation method thereof, aiming at the defects of high calibration cost and difficult operation of the pull rod pretightening force of the pull rod rotor in the prior art. The device is simple, low in cost and high in calibration precision. The method has certain application value, and particularly, the pre-tightening force is taken as an applying unit in the pull rod calculation of the existing commercial software, and the tightening torque is taken as the applying unit in the test process. The patent provides the two bridge of maring, has higher engineering value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas turbine pull rod rotor dynamics modeling, relates to a pre-tightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system, and particularly relates to a pre-tightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system suitable for a gas turbine pull rod rotor.
Background
The pull rod rotor has the advantages of good strength, large rigidity, flexible wheel disc material selection and the like, and is widely applied to aeroengines and heavy gas turbines. Different from the integral rotor, the pull rod rotor is not a continuous whole in structure, and the result obtained by adopting the integral rotor modeling method is greatly different from the actual test result of the pull rod rotor.
For the research of the pull rod rotor, a numerical model is generally performed by using a finite element method. However, in the finite element method, the pre-tightening force of the pull rod is applied through the pre-tightening force unit, and in the actual test process, the pre-tightening force is applied to the pre-tightening nut of the pull rod through the torque wrench, and the pre-tightening force are not completely the same, so that the pre-tightening force-tightening torque of the pull rod rotor needs to be calibrated for the necessity of theoretical calculation and experimental verification.
The research related to pretightening force-tightening torque, although having some practicality, has its respective shortcomings and shortcomings. For example, chinese patent CN201410602234.3 discloses a calibration device and a calibration method for the relationship between pre-tightening force and pre-tightening torque, which can ensure that the relative motion states of the separation nut and the connection bolt are consistent with the motion states of the connected structure when the separation device applies the pre-tightening torque, so that the calibration result is more real; and will not twist with the separating device; the relative motion state of the separation nut and the connection bolt and the motion state of the connected structure can be kept consistent when the separation device applies a pre-tightening torque; and automatically drawing a curve of the relation between the pretightening force and the pretightening torque. However, the patent aims at a rocket separator separating device rather than a gas turbine pull rod rotor, and the rocket separator belongs to a stator part in the rocket overall structure, does not participate in rotation and does not face high-temperature conditions; the gas turbine pull rod rotor usually works at an ultrahigh rotating speed, so that the requirement on pretightening force is higher, and the requirement on precision is higher. In addition, what this patent adopted is that pressure sensor measures the pull rod pretightning force, and pressure sensor receives the temperature influence great, and under the high temperature condition, pressure sensor's precision can greatly reduced, so pressure sensor is not suitable for to the pull rod rotor.
For another example, chinese patent application CN201710543487.1 discloses a method and a system for calibrating the tension force of a disk-type circumferential tension rod rotor tension rod, wherein a tension rod pre-tightening force calibration device is assembled and connected to a tension rod pre-tightening force acquisition and processing system, and a torque value and the tension rod pre-tightening force are fitted to obtain a relational expression between the torque of a tightening nut and the tension rod pre-tightening force, so that the pre-tightening force to be applied to the tension rod rotor is converted into the torque of the tightening nut, thereby completing the calibration of the tension rod pre-tightening force, so that the magnitude of the torque to be applied to the nut when the pre-tightening force is applied can be found out according to the relational expression when the tension rod rotor of the gas turbine is assembled. However, the patent application adopts a mode of applying a specific pretightening force to the pull rod and measuring a pretightening torque, the method is very convenient when applying the pretightening force, and a complex and expensive network distributed type collecting and distributing instrument is needed when measuring the pretightening torque. In addition, the measuring point of the patent application is the moment at the pull rod nut, and the whole rotor is taken as a research object, and the moment is applied to the rotor, and the weight of the whole pull rod rotor structure is usually 80-200 kg, and the method is heavy and difficult to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the defects that the calibration cost of the pull rod pretightening force of the pull rod rotor in the prior art is high and the operation is difficult are overcome, the measurement cost is reduced to the maximum extent by establishing the relation between the pretightening force commonly used in finite element simulation and the nut tightening torque commonly used in experiments, and the calibration of the pretightening force and the tightening torque of the pull rod rotor is clearer and simpler.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system suitable for a gas turbine pull rod rotor comprises a pull rod rotor wheel disc and a plurality of pull rods distributed circumferentially, the calibration system at least comprises a rigid support, a pull rod, a nut washer, an equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor and a dial indicator, and is characterized in that,
the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is a cylinder, the material of the equivalent connected piece is the same as that of an actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc, the rotational inertia I of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc is n times of the rotational inertia of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, and n is larger than 1;
the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is fixedly arranged on the rigid support through a pull rod, a nut and a nut washer, wherein the rear end of the pull rod penetrates through the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor to be fixedly connected with the rigid support, and the nut washer are pre-tightened at the front end of the pull rod, so that the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor can only axially deform along the length direction of the pull rod;
the dial indicator is fixedly arranged on the base positioned at the front end of the pull rod, and a measuring head of the dial indicator is lapped at the position of the nut washer, so that the dial indicator can only measure the deformation at the position of the nut washer;
the tightening torque of the nut is applied to a target value through a torque wrench, the deformation of the nut washer is measured through the dial indicator, and then the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor is calculated through a formula F-E-A-delta L/L, wherein F is the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, E is the material elastic modulus of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, A is the section moment of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, L is the length of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, delta L is the deformation of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor disc, and delta L is n times of the deformation of the nut washer.
Preferably, the base is a magnetic base.
Preferably, the target value to which the tightening torque of the nut is applied by the torque wrench is 25N · m to 40N · m.
Preferably, the equivalent connected member slenderness ratio is not less than 10.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an implementation method of the pretightening-nut tightening torque calibration system for a gas turbine tie-rod rotor according to the present invention, wherein the implementation method at least includes the following steps:
SS1, preparing an equivalent connected piece of a gas turbine pull rod rotor, firstly calculating the rotational inertia I of an actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc, then reducing the rotational inertia I of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc by n times according to a modeling principle, then preparing a cylinder with the rotational inertia of 1/n of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc based on the reduced rotational inertia and selecting the same material as the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, namely the equivalent connected piece;
SS2, fixing the equivalent connected piece on the rigid support through the pull rod, the nut and the nut washer, wherein the rear end of the pull rod penetrates through the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor to be fixedly connected with the rigid support, and the nut washer are pre-tightened at the front end of the pull rod, so that the equivalent connected piece 5 can only axially stretch along the length direction of the pull rod;
SS3, fixedly arranging the dial indicator on a base positioned at the front end of the pull rod, and lapping a measuring head of the dial indicator on the position of the nut washer, so that the dial indicator can only measure the deformation at the position of the nut washer;
SS4. applying the pre-tightening torque of the nut to a target value by a torque wrench;
and SS5, measuring the deformation of the nut washer through the dial indicator, namely calculating the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor by using a formula F, namely E.A.DELTA.L/L according to the principle of material mechanics, wherein E is the material elastic modulus of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, A is the section moment of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, L is the length of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, DELTA.L is the deformation of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor disc, and the deformation DELTA.L of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor is n times of the deformation of the nut washer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the prior art usually targets the whole connected piece, such as a pull rod rotor structure with the whole weight of 85kg, which causes the operation to be extremely inconvenient, so the invention provides an equivalent connected piece, which can greatly simplify the measured piece and facilitate the operation.
Compared with the prior art, the system is suitable for calibrating the pretightening force-tightening torque of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, and has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention adopts the dial indicator with higher precision to test, the cost is about 40 percent lower than that of equipment such as a pressure sensor, and the like, and the precision is high; 2. in the prior art, a connected piece is directly adopted for testing, and for a pull rod rotor for a gas turbine, the connected piece is usually extremely heavy, so that the operation is inconvenient; the invention provides a design idea of an equivalent connected piece, namely, the rotational inertia of the connected piece is reduced by n times on the basis of a modeling principle and is considered when deformation is calculated. Compared with the prior invention patent, the operation is greatly simplified. Therefore, the method of the invention is more accurate, simple and convenient to operate and has higher engineering application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pretension-nut tightening torque calibration system suitable for gas turbine tie-rod rotors according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for a preload-nut tightening torque calibration system for gas turbine tie-rod rotors.
Description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a rigid support 1, a pull rod 2, a nut 3, a nut washer 4, an equivalent connected piece 5 of a pull rod rotor of the gas turbine and a dial indicator 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pre-tightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system applicable to the gas turbine pull rod rotor comprises a pull rod rotor wheel disc and a plurality of pull rods distributed circumferentially, and the calibration system at least comprises a rigid support 1, a pull rod 2, a nut 3, a nut washer 4, an equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor and a dial indicator 6. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is a cylinder, the material of the equivalent connected piece is the same as that of an actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc, the rotational inertia I of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc is n times of the rotational inertia of the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, and n is larger than 1;
the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is fixedly arranged on the rigid support 1 through the pull rod 2, the nut 3 and the nut washer 4, wherein the rear end of the pull rod 2 penetrates through the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor to be fixedly connected with the rigid support 1, and the nut 3 and the nut washer 4 are pre-tightened at the front end of the pull rod 2, so that the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor can only axially move along the length direction of the pull rod 2;
the dial indicator 6 is fixedly arranged on a base positioned at the front end of the pull rod 2, the base is preferably a magnetic base, and a measuring head of the dial indicator 6 is lapped at the position of the nut washer 4, so that the dial indicator 6 can only measure the deformation of the nut washer 4;
the tightening torque of the nut 4 is applied to a target value, preferably 25N · m to 40N · m, by a torque wrench, the deformation at the nut washer 4 is measured by a dial indicator 6, and then the pretension of the actual gas turbine tie rod rotor is calculated by using the formula F ═ E · a · Δ L/L, where F is the pretension of the actual gas turbine tie rod rotor, E is the material elastic modulus of the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine tie rod rotor, a is the section moment of the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine tie rod rotor, L is the length of the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine tie rod rotor, Δ L is the deformation of the actual gas turbine tie rod rotor, and Δ L is N times the deformation at the position of the nut washer 4.
The calibration process of the calibration system suitable for the pretightening force-nut tightening torque of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is shown in figure 2, and the calibration system suitable for the pretightening force-nut tightening torque of the gas turbine pull rod rotor at least comprises the following steps:
SS1, preparing an equivalent connected piece 5 of a gas turbine pull rod rotor, firstly calculating the rotational inertia I of an actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc, then reducing the rotational inertia I of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc by n times according to a modeling principle, then preparing a cylinder with the rotational inertia of 1/n of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc based on the reduced rotational inertia and selecting the same material as the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, namely the equivalent connected piece;
SS2, fixing the equivalent connected piece on the rigid support through a pull rod 2, a nut 3 and a nut washer 4, wherein the rear end of the pull rod 2 penetrates through the equivalent connected piece 5 of the pull rod rotor of the gas turbine and is fixedly connected with the rigid support 1, and the nut 3 and the nut washer 4 are pre-tightened at the front end of the pull rod 2, so that the equivalent connected piece 5 can only axially stretch along the pull rod 2;
SS3, fixedly arranging the dial indicator 6 on a base positioned at the front end of the pull rod 2, and lapping a measuring head of the dial indicator 6 on the position of the nut washer 4, so that the dial indicator 6 can only measure the deformation of the nut washer 4;
SS4, applying the pre-tightening torque of the nut 4 to a target value through a torque wrench, wherein the target value is preferably 25 N.m-40 N.m for the structure corresponding to the invention;
and SS5, measuring the deformation of the nut washer 4 through the dial indicator 6, namely calculating the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor by using a formula F ═ E.A.DELTA.L/L according to the principle of material mechanics, wherein E is the material elastic modulus of the equivalent connected piece 5 of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, A is the section moment of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, L is the length of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, DELTA.L is the deformation of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, and the deformation DELTA.L of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor is n times of the deformation of the nut washer 4.
In summary, the method establishes a relationship between the pull rod pretightening force commonly used in finite elements and the nut tightening torque adopted in experiments. The method has compatibility with other methods, clear physical significance and simple and clear process, and the subsequent optimization result obtained based on the method is more effective, thereby laying a foundation for the research of the dynamic characteristics of the pull rod rotor.
The above are only the specific steps of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any way; the method can be expanded and applied to the field of optimization design of the dynamics of the wheel disc rotors with similar structures, and all technical schemes formed by adopting equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the invention.
The invention has not been described in detail and is part of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system suitable for a gas turbine pull rod rotor comprises a pull rod rotor wheel disc and a plurality of pull rods distributed circumferentially, the calibration system at least comprises a rigid support, a pull rod, a nut washer, an equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor and a dial indicator, and is characterized in that,
the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is a cylinder, the material of the equivalent connected piece is the same as that of a pull rod rotor wheel disc of an actual gas turbine, the rotational inertia I of the pull rod rotor wheel disc of the actual gas turbine is n times of the rotational inertia of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, and n is larger than 1;
the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor is fixedly arranged on the rigid support through a pull rod, a nut and a nut washer, wherein the rear end of the pull rod penetrates through the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor to be fixedly connected with the rigid support, and the nut washer are pre-tightened at the front end of the pull rod, so that the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor can only axially move along the length direction of the pull rod;
the dial indicator is fixedly arranged on the base positioned at the front end of the pull rod, and a measuring head of the dial indicator is lapped at the position of the nut washer, so that the dial indicator can only measure the deformation at the position of the nut washer;
the tightening torque of the nut is applied to a target value through a torque wrench, the deformation of the nut washer is measured through the dial indicator, and then the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor is calculated through a formula F-E-A-delta L/L, wherein F is the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, E is the material elastic modulus of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, A is the section moment of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, L is the length of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, delta L is the deformation of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, and delta L is n times of the deformation of the nut washer.
2. The pretension-nut tightening torque calibration system suitable for gas turbine tie-rod rotors according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is preferably a magnetic base or the like.
3. Pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system for gas turbine tie-rod rotors according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the target value for applying the tightening torque of the nut by means of a torque wrench is preferably 25N-m to 40N-m.
4. The pretension-nut tightening torque calibration system for gas turbine tie-rod rotors according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the equivalent connected piece is at least 5 times its diameter.
5. An implementation method of the pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system suitable for the gas turbine pull rod rotor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the implementation method at least comprises the following steps:
SS1, preparing an equivalent connected piece of a gas turbine pull rod rotor, firstly calculating the rotational inertia I of an actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc, then reducing the rotational inertia I of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc by n times according to a modeling principle, then selecting the same material as the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor wheel disc based on the reduced rotational inertia, and preparing a cylinder with the length L being the same as that of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor and the rotational inertia being 1/n of that of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor, namely the equivalent connected piece;
SS2, fixing the equivalent connected piece on the rigid support through the pull rod, the nut and the nut washer, wherein the rear end of the pull rod penetrates through the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor to be fixedly connected with the rigid support, and the nut washer are pre-tightened at the front end of the pull rod, so that the equivalent connected piece 5 can only axially move along the length direction of the pull rod;
SS3, fixedly arranging the dial indicator on a base positioned at the front end of the pull rod, and lapping a measuring head of the dial indicator on the position of the nut washer, so that the dial indicator can only measure the deformation at the position of the nut washer;
SS4. applying the pre-tightening torque of the nut to a target value by a torque wrench;
and SS5, measuring the deformation of the nut washer through the dial indicator, namely calculating the pretightening force of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor by using a formula F, namely E.A.DELTA.L/L according to the principle of material mechanics, wherein E is the material elastic modulus of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, A is the section moment of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, L is the length of the equivalent connected piece of the gas turbine pull rod rotor, DELTA.L is the deformation of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor disc, and the deformation DELTA.L of the actual gas turbine pull rod rotor disc is n times of the deformation of the nut washer.
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| CN202110773127.7A CN113624388A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Pretightening force-nut tightening torque calibration system of gas turbine pull rod rotor |
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