CN113575251B - Method for planting branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutrition piles - Google Patents
Method for planting branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutrition piles Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575251B CN113575251B CN202110843240.8A CN202110843240A CN113575251B CN 113575251 B CN113575251 B CN 113575251B CN 202110843240 A CN202110843240 A CN 202110843240A CN 113575251 B CN113575251 B CN 113575251B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting woody plants with branches and leaves and provided with nutrient piles, which can ensure that the plants have larger nutrient storage space by a method for reserving the nutrient piles for planting, and solves the problems that seedlings are directly planted and harvested in the prior art, and the root nutrition is not enough for multiple harvests.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for planting branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutrient piles.
[ background of the invention ]
The research shows that the protein feed in China is deficient mainly in animal protein in consumption, so that the method further expands the production scale of animal husbandry and vigorously develops the breeding industry and the fishery on the premise of meeting the requirements of new dietary of population in the future, and is a main way for increasing the supply of animal protein in China in future. Although China has 2.66 hundred million hm 2 Most of the pastures are distributed in plateau and remote areas in China, and due to the limitation of natural environment and social and economic conditions, the animal husbandry yield in the areas mainly meets the requirements of local areas and is difficult to meet the requirements of other areas in China. Therefore, the animal husbandry industry is mainly developed depending on the agricultural region in China to solve the problems of production and supply of animal protein in China. The agricultural region of China has various natural environmental conditions and resources, and more livestock products can be produced on the basis of the existing grain and fruit production as long as the measures are proper. However, in view of the feed provided to the animal husbandry in the existing farming industry, the development of the animal husbandry is limited due to the insufficient feed and the unreasonable feed structure, for example, the protein feed can only meet about 50% of the total amount required currently, and foreign research data shows that if the digestible protein in the livestock feed is 20-25%, the animal product is reduced by 30-40%, and the feed consumption and the animal product cost are increased by 30-50%. Therefore, how to effectively increase the supply of protein feed has important significance for the livestock breeding industry.
The forage commonly said by us is a herbal forage, especially a forage mainly in gramineae, and the research on the herbal forage is very extensive and intensive, while the woody forage is a branch and leaf forage of perennial woody plants, compared with the herbaceous forage, the woody forage contains higher nutrient components, especially protein nutrition, so that the woody forage can be mixed with the herbaceous forage to make up for the lack of protein forage, in many countries, especially south Asia, southeast Asia and Africa, the woody forage is an important forage resource, and plays an important role in animal husbandry, and the management of the woody forage is also the key point of agriculture and forestry compound management developed in recent years.
At present, in addition to the cultivation of protein crops such as soybean in cultivated land, the cultivation of protein woody plants such as albizia julibrissin, white mulberry and paper mulberry can be carried out by utilizing the natural environment of the existing mountainous region, forest land and the like. The current woody plant planting generally adopts a cuttage method, such as a cuttage method of the woody plant of Chinese patent application CN201610112656 and a greenhouse for cultivating the cuttage woody plant, and discloses a cuttage method of the woody plant, which comprises the following steps: preparing a micro propagation monomer, and soaking the micro propagation monomer into a sterilizing solution for sterilization; preparing a seedling bag, and filling a disinfected culture medium in the seedling bag; the sterilized micro propagation monomers are inserted into a container seedling bag cultivation medium in a cuttage mode, the seedling bag is placed in a greenhouse, the growth environment is controlled, and seedling management is conducted; the root hairs of the branches extending from the bottom of the seedling bag reach more than 3, and the seedlings can be taken out of the nursery for fixed planting after more than 4 leaves. However, in the existing method of cuttage and seedling planting, woody plants with strong field viability cannot adapt to high-strength artificial planting and harvesting.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problem that the woody plants with strong field viability originally are cultivated by adopting a cuttage and seedling planting method in the prior art, but the obtained woody plants cannot adapt to high-strength manual planting and harvesting, and provides a method for planting branch-leaf-producing woody plants with nutrient piles.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting woody plants with branch and leaf and provided with nutrient piles comprises the following steps:
1) utilizing a nutrition cup with the diameter of 5-7cm to cultivate woody plant seedlings by adopting a method of seed seedling raising or branch cutting;
2) when the woody plant seedlings grow to be 15-20cm high, transferring the woody plant seedlings to a nutrition cup of 20-30cm, and growing seedlings in a greenhouse;
3) cutting the tree stump of 90cm above the root when the woody plant seedling grows for half a year to one year and the diameter of the root reaches 5-10cm, wherein the stump of 90cm is used as a nutrition stump for the later growth of the seedling;
4) ploughing the planting soil, ridging, applying enough base fertilizer, paving a weeding film, transplanting the nutritional piles obtained in the previous step as seedlings, wherein the row spacing is 90cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;
5) well performing irrigation and field management;
6) after 15 days of seedling planting, new buds grow, and after 30 days of planting, urea is added;
7) and when the sprouts grow to 60-90cm high and the bottom of the sprouts begins to appear lignification, harvesting the sprouts at the same root:
in the south, harvesting is stopped after harvesting for 10-11 months in the same year, and the seedlings are allowed to grow until the seedlings sprout in the spring of the next year, and the branches are cut off by the nutrition piles to grow new branches on the nutrition piles;
in northern areas, after harvesting in 9 middle ten days of the year, stopping harvesting, allowing the seedlings to grow until the seedlings sprout in the spring of the next year, cutting off branches by using the nutrition piles, and growing new branches on the nutrition piles;
8) and (5) repairing the nutrition stake.
In the invention:
the woody plant seedlings in the step 1) are selected from albizia julibrissin, white mulberry and broussonetia papyrifera.
And 2) growing seedlings in the greenhouse, wherein water is periodically cut off during growth to acclimatize the seedlings and promote root growth.
Ridging in the step 4), wherein the ridging is performed by the steps of 40cm in width, 30cm in height and the like; the enough base fertilizer is obtained by applying 600-1000 kg/mu of manure and nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 kg/mu.
The irrigation and field management in the step 5) refers to water and fertilizer management in a seedling stage:
(1) before seedling emergence, watering is needed according to the rainwater condition to keep the soil moist; when the rainwater is excessive, the water is drained in time to prevent water from soaking;
(2) after 5 leaves and 1 heart to 6 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling, slightly applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer according to the growth vigor of the seedling, and keeping the soil moist;
and 6) adding urea according to the standard of 5-10 kg/mu to promote the growth of the new buds.
The southern area in the step 7) is a frost-free area or a non-leaf-falling area; the northern area refers to the area with frost or the area with fallen leaves.
The maintenance of the nutrition pile in the step 8) is to enable the nutrition pile to have a maintenance period of 2-4 months after harvesting is stopped, and if the pile body is rotten and hollow and the yield is reduced after 3-4 years of use of the nutrition pile, the situation that the nutrition of the pile body is over utilized and needs to be planted again is shown, and if the nutrition pile body is not used, the nutrition pile can be utilized for a long time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method for planting the woody plant with the branch and leaf and the nutrition stake can ensure that the plant has larger nutrition storage space by a method of reserving the planting of the nutrition stake, and solves the problems that the seedlings are directly planted and harvested and the nutrition of the root is not enough for multiple times of harvesting in the prior art.
2. According to the method for planting the woody plant with the branch and leaf provided with the nutrition stake, the obtained woody plant with strong root and large nutrition stake can be used for 2-3 years in the traditional planting mode, and the woody plant can be continuously used for more than 4 years after being planted once, and the length can reach 10 years.
3. The method for planting the woody plant with the nutrition stake and the branch leaves has the advantages that the development and growth speed is obviously faster than that of the traditional planting and harvesting mode, and the harvesting interval is greatly shortened. The traditional mode is about 3 to 4 times of harvest every year, and the method can be used for harvesting more than 5 to 6 times in average year.
4. According to the method for planting the woody plant with the nutrition stake for producing the branches and the leaves, the obtained woody plant has thicker branches and higher yield, the yield is about 3.0-3.5 tons in a traditional mode, the yield per mu in the mode of the method can reach 5.5-6.0 tons, and the available branch proportion is higher due to low lignification degree.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing shoots of woody plants grown in example 1 of the present invention (right side of the figure) and a comparative example (left side of the figure).
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for planting woody plants with branch and leaf and provided with nutrient piles comprises the following steps:
1) cultivating a woody plant albizzia julibrissin seedling by a branch cutting method by utilizing a nutrition cup with the diameter of 5-7 cm;
2) when the woody plant seedlings grow to be 15-20cm high, transferring the woody plant seedlings to a nutrition cup of 20-30cm, growing seedlings in a greenhouse, and periodically hardening the seedlings in a water-cut-off mode during the growth period to promote the root growth;
3) cutting the tree stump of 90cm above the root when the woody plant seedling grows for half a year to one year and the diameter of the root reaches 5-10cm, wherein the stump of 90cm is used as a nutrition stump for the later growth of the seedling;
4) ploughing the planting soil, ridging, making the width of 40cm and the height of 30cm, applying enough base fertilizer, 1000 kg/mu of manure and 10 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, paving a weeding film, transplanting the nutritional piles obtained in the previous step as seedlings, wherein the row spacing is 90cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;
5) irrigation and field management are well carried out: and (3) water and fertilizer management in a seedling stage:
(1) before seedling emergence, watering is needed according to the rainwater condition to keep the soil moist; when the rainwater is excessive, the water is drained in time to prevent water from soaking;
(2) after 5 leaves and 1 heart to 6 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling, slightly applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer according to the growth vigor of the seedling, and keeping the soil moist;
6) after 15 days of planting, new buds grow, and after 30 days of planting, urea is added according to the standard of 5 kg/mu to promote the growth of the new buds;
7) and when the sprouts grow to 60-90cm high and the bottom of the sprouts begins to appear lignification, harvesting the sprouts at the same root:
in southern areas (frost-free areas or areas without leaves), harvesting is stopped after 10-11 months are harvested in the same year, and the seedlings are allowed to grow until spring and sprout in the next year, and the seedlings are cut off by using nutrient piles, so that new seedlings grow on the nutrient piles;
in northern areas (frost areas or leaf-falling areas), after harvesting in the middle ten days of 9 months in the same year, stopping harvesting, allowing the branches to grow until the branches germinate in the spring of the next year, cutting off the branches by using nutrient piles, and growing new branches on the nutrient piles;
8) repairing the nutrition pile: after harvesting is stopped, the nutrition pile has a 2-4 month maintenance period, and in the use of the nutrition pile, if the pile body is rotten and hollow and the yield is reduced after 3-4 years, the situation that the nutrition of the pile body is over utilized and needs to be planted again is shown, and if the nutrition pile body is not used, the nutrition pile can be utilized for a long time.
Example 2:
a method for planting woody plants with branch and leaf and provided with nutrient piles comprises the following steps:
1) culturing a woody plant protein mulberry seedling by a seed seedling culture method by utilizing a nutrition cup with the diameter of 5-7 cm;
2) when the woody plant seedlings grow to be 15-20cm high, transferring the woody plant seedlings to a nutrition cup of 20-30cm, growing seedlings in a greenhouse, and periodically hardening the seedlings in a water-cut-off mode during the growth period to promote the root growth;
3) cutting the tree stump of 90cm above the root when the woody plant seedling grows for half a year to one year and the diameter of the root reaches 5-10cm, wherein the stump of 90cm is used as a nutrition stump for the later growth of the seedling;
4) ploughing the planting soil, ridging, making the width of 40cm and the height of 30cm, applying enough base fertilizer, manure of 800 kg/mu and nitrogen fertilizer of 12 kg/mu, laying a weeding film, transplanting the nutritional piles obtained in the previous step as seedlings, wherein the row spacing is 90cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;
5) irrigation and field management are well carried out: and (3) water and fertilizer management in a seedling stage:
(1) before seedling emergence, watering is needed according to the rainwater condition to keep the soil moist; when the rainwater is excessive, the water is drained in time to prevent water from soaking;
(2) after 5 leaves and 1 heart to 6 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling, slightly applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer according to the growth vigor of the seedling, and keeping the soil moist;
6) after 15 days of planting, new buds grow, and after 30 days of planting, urea is added according to the standard of 10 kg/mu to promote the growth of the new buds;
7) and when the sprouts grow to 60-90cm high and the bottom of the sprouts begins to appear lignification, harvesting the sprouts at the same root:
in southern areas (frost-free areas or areas without leaves), harvesting is stopped after 10-11 months of harvest in the same year, and the seedlings are allowed to grow until spring and sprout in the next year, and then the seedlings are cut off along with the nutrition piles, so that new seedlings grow on the nutrition piles;
in northern areas (frost areas or leaf-falling areas), after harvesting in the middle ten days of 9 months in the same year, stopping harvesting, allowing the branches to grow until the branches germinate in the spring of the next year, cutting off the branches by using nutrient piles, and growing new branches on the nutrient piles;
8) repairing the nutrition pile: after harvesting is stopped, the nutrition pile has a 2-4 month maintenance period, and in the use of the nutrition pile, if the pile body is rotten and hollow and the yield is reduced after 3-4 years, the situation that the nutrition of the pile body is over utilized and needs to be planted again is shown, and if the nutrition pile body is not used, the nutrition pile can be utilized for a long time.
Example 3:
a method for planting woody plants with branch and leaf and provided with nutrient piles comprises the following steps:
1) utilizing a nutrition cup with the diameter of 5-7cm to cultivate the seedling of the woody plant broussonetia papyrifera by adopting a branch cutting method;
2) when the woody plant seedlings grow to be 15-20cm high, transferring the woody plant seedlings to a nutrition cup of 20-30cm, growing seedlings in a greenhouse, and periodically hardening the seedlings in a water-cut-off mode during the growth period to promote the root growth;
3) cutting the tree stump of 90cm above the root when the woody plant seedling grows for half a year to one year and the diameter of the root reaches 5-10cm, wherein the stump of 90cm is used as a nutrition stump for the later growth of the seedling;
4) ploughing the planting soil, ridging, making the width of 40cm and the height of 30cm, applying enough base fertilizer, 600 kg/mu of manure and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, paving a weeding film, transplanting the nutritional piles obtained in the previous step as seedlings, wherein the row spacing is 90cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;
5) irrigation and field management are well carried out: and (3) water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage:
(1) before seedling emergence, watering is needed according to the rainwater condition to keep the soil moist; when the rainwater is excessive, the water is drained in time to prevent water from soaking;
(2) after 5 leaves and 1 heart to 6 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling, slightly applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer according to the growth vigor of the seedling, and keeping the soil moist;
6) after 15 days of planting, new buds grow, and after 30 days of planting, urea is added according to the standard of 8 kg/mu to promote the growth of the new buds;
7) and (3) when the height of the new bud is 60-90cm and the bottom of the new bud begins to appear a lignification sign, harvesting the root of the same bud:
in southern areas (frost-free areas or areas without leaves), harvesting is stopped after 10-11 months are harvested in the same year, and the seedlings are allowed to grow until spring and sprout in the next year, and the seedlings are cut off by using nutrient piles, so that new seedlings grow on the nutrient piles;
in northern areas (frost areas or leaf-falling areas), after harvesting in the middle ten days of 9 months in the same year, stopping harvesting, allowing the branches to grow until the branches germinate in the spring of the next year, cutting off the branches by using nutrient piles, and growing new branches on the nutrient piles;
8) repairing the nutrition pile: after harvesting is stopped, the nutrition pile has a 2-4 month maintenance period, and in the use of the nutrition pile, if the pile body is rotten and hollow and the yield is reduced after 3-4 years, the situation that the nutrition of the pile body is over utilized and needs to be planted again is shown, and if the nutrition pile body is not used, the nutrition pile can be utilized for a long time.
Comparative example:
the existing planting method adopts a mode of directly planting nursery stocks with the height of 20-30cm, and the harvesting is carried out in a neat root manner.
Experimental example: yield comparison of branch and leaf producing woody plants
Planting albizia julibrissin is carried out, and the test sites are as follows:
experimental groups: the method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, the planting with the nutrition pile is to cultivate the albizia julibrissin and other seedlings for more than 6-12 months under a better growth condition, the root diameter is more than 5-10cm, the piles with the height of 90cm are reserved for transplanting and planting the nutrition pile, the row spacing is 90cm, the plant spacing is 50-60cm, and the root system of the seedlings is improved by technical means of seedling training and the like.
Control group: according to the method of the comparative example, ordinary nursery stocks with the height of 20-30cm are adopted, transplanted and planted, the row spacing is 90cm, the planting spacing is 30-40cm, and the height of 50cm is reserved during harvesting.
As a result:
1. harvesting condition in the first year of planting:
as can be seen from the above table, the experimental group has a short seedling recovery period and a high growth speed due to the strong root system and the relatively thick and strong nutrition stake, and the yield can reach more than 3 tons when the experimental group is planted in the same year.
2. And (3) normal production and harvest conditions in the second year and above of planting:
comprises the weight of the seed pod harvested once in the winter season.
3. And (3) branch condition comparison:
4. and (3) comparing the nutrient contents of the branches: unit: by%
Through experimental comparison, the following results are found:
1. the comparison group can be harvested for more than 3-6 months from seedling planting to first harvesting, so that only 2-3 times of harvesting can be performed in the first year, the first harvesting often occurs, the growth time is too long, and only the front end of 60-90cm can be used as feed. In normal years, due to weak plants, the germination and growth are slow, and the interval of 60-90 days is needed between two harvests. Under the condition of better light and heat in areas such as Guangxi, the crops can be harvested for 4-5 times in one year, and the normal annual output is 3-3.5 tons/mu.
2. The experimental group can lead the plants to have larger nutrient storage space by a method of reserving the nutrient pile for planting, and solves the problems that the seedlings are directly planted and harvested in the prior art, and the root nutrition is not enough for multiple harvests; the traditional planting method can only utilize the obtained pile for 2-3 years, and the planting method can continuously utilize the pile for more than 4 years and can reach 10 years long; the development and growth speed is obviously faster than that of the traditional planting and harvesting mode, and the harvesting interval is greatly shortened. Traditional mode is about 3-4 harvests per year; the method can be used for harvesting for more than 5-6 times in an even year, and the obtained woody plant has thicker and stronger branches, higher yield and better nutrient content; the yield of the traditional mode is about 3.0-3.5 tons, the yield per mu of the mode of the method can reach 5.5-6.0 tons, and the available branch proportion is higher due to low lignification degree.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, which falls into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A planting method of a branch and leaf producing woody plant with a nutrition pile is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) utilizing a nutrition cup with the diameter of 5-7cm to cultivate woody plant seedlings by adopting a method of seed seedling raising or branch cutting; the woody plant seedling is selected from albizzia julibrissin;
2) when the woody plant seedlings grow to be 15-20cm high, transferring the woody plant seedlings to a nutrition cup of 20-30cm, and growing seedlings in a greenhouse;
3) when the woody plant seedlings in the previous step grow for half a year to one year and the root diameter reaches 5-10cm, cutting off the tree stumps 90cm above the roots, and taking the tree stumps 90cm as nutrient stumps for later growth of the seedlings;
4) ploughing the planting soil, ridging, applying enough base fertilizer, paving a weeding film, transplanting the nutritional piles obtained in the previous step as seedlings, wherein the row spacing is 90cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;
5) well performing irrigation and field management;
6) after 15 days of seedling planting, new buds grow, and after 30 days of planting, urea is added;
7) when the sprout grows to 60-90cm high and the bottom of the sprout begins to appear lignification, harvesting the sprout root in the same position, and the yield per mu reaches 5.5-6.0 tons:
in the south, harvesting is stopped after harvesting for 10-11 months in the same year, and the seedlings are allowed to grow until the seedlings sprout in the spring of the next year, and the branches are cut off by the nutrition piles to grow new branches on the nutrition piles;
in northern areas, after harvesting in 9 middle ten days of the year, stopping harvesting, allowing the seedlings to grow until the seedlings sprout in the spring of the next year, cutting off branches by using the nutrition piles, and growing new branches on the nutrition piles;
8) and (5) repairing the nutrition pile.
2. The method for growing branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutritional stakes according to claim 1, wherein: and 2) growing seedlings in the greenhouse, and hardening the seedlings by regularly adopting a water cut-off mode during the growth period.
3. The method for growing branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutritional stakes according to claim 1, wherein: ridging in the step 4), wherein the ridging is performed by the steps of 40cm in width, 30cm in height and the like; the enough base fertilizer is obtained by applying 600-1000 kg/mu of manure and nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 kg/mu.
4. The method for growing branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutritional stakes according to claim 1, wherein: the irrigation and field management in the step 5) refers to water and fertilizer management in a seedling stage:
(1) before seedling emergence, watering is needed according to the rainwater condition to keep the soil moist; when the rainwater is excessive, the water is drained in time to prevent water from soaking;
(2) and after 5 leaves and 1 heart to 6 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling, slightly applying a seedling-lifting fertilizer according to the growth condition of the seedling, and keeping the soil moist.
5. The method for growing branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutritional stakes according to claim 1, wherein: and 6) adding urea according to the standard of 5-10 kg/mu to promote the growth of the new buds.
6. The method for growing branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutritional stakes according to claim 1, wherein: the southern area in the step 7) is a frost-free area or a non-leaf-falling area; the northern area refers to frost areas or leaf-falling areas.
7. The method for growing branch and leaf-producing woody plants with nutritional stakes according to claim 1, wherein: the maintenance of the nutrition piles in the step 8) means that after harvesting is stopped, the nutrition piles have a maintenance period of 2-4 months, and when the nutrition piles are used, if the pile bodies are rotten and hollow and the yield is reduced after 3-4 years, the nutrition piles are planted again, and if the nutrition piles are not used for a long time, the nutrition piles are used for a long time.
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| JPH10191775A (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-07-28 | Shosuke Nagata | Rush harvesting method |
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