CN113560578A - Forming method of temporary metal mold - Google Patents
Forming method of temporary metal mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN113560578A CN113560578A CN202110918921.6A CN202110918921A CN113560578A CN 113560578 A CN113560578 A CN 113560578A CN 202110918921 A CN202110918921 A CN 202110918921A CN 113560578 A CN113560578 A CN 113560578A
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- metal mold
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001652 poly(etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000984 420 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001240 Maraging steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal model processing technologies, and particularly relates to a forming method of a temporary metal mold. Firstly, filling metal powder and a binder into a model, heating to form a metal green body, then demolding and sintering, then performing rough machining according to the mold design of a product, cleaning and degreasing, then infiltrating with a high polymer material, and finally performing finish machining to obtain the temporary metal mold. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the metal powder is filled and sintered, so that the rapid forming of the metal block body is realized, compared with the prior art that high-density metal is adopted, the formed metal block is low in cost and easy to process, the processing time can be shortened, the cutter loss is saved, then the strength required by a mold for more than 1000 times can be rapidly obtained through infiltration of a high polymer material, and the surface smoothness and compactness required by a mold core are met, so that the forming method of the temporary metal mold is beneficial to operation, low in cost and particularly easy to popularize and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal model processing technologies, and particularly relates to a forming method of a temporary metal mold.
Background
Mold forming is a widely used product forming method, and particularly for some plastic products, injection mold forming is widely used due to the advantages of wide usability, convenient processing, high efficiency and the like. Certainly, according to different requirements, the injection mold can be used for processing pure polymer materials, and injecting various products mainly made of polymer materials, such as a feed material formed by mixing metal or ceramic powder with polymers, so as to obtain a product green body through preparation operation of manufacturing metal or ceramic parts, and then degreasing and sintering are carried out to obtain a final product; the technology can also be developed into high-temperature melt injection technology developed by using the principle of injection molding through a high-temperature resistant mold such as a die-casting molding method.
The design and creation of the mold in the injection process is critical and requires the mold to limit the material fill boundary to achieve good geometry and dimensional control. It is known that the cost of designing and generating a mold is high in the molding process, the product structure needs to be adjusted and modified continuously at the initial stage of new product development, a set of new mold is set for each new design, and the cost is obviously not economic.
At present, engineering plastics are adopted to replace steel or plastic materials are adopted for rapid 3D printing as a method for manufacturing low-cost moulds, although the mould core is simple to manufacture, the strength and the temperature resistance are insufficient, and the mould core is brittle-cracked frequently in less than 300 mould times, but the mould time can not obtain enough experimental data for product research and development and trial production; although the machining of the traditional non-die steel can also obtain the rapid die core, the machining cost is not much different from the real die material.
Therefore, a need exists for a method of forming a mold that can be performed quickly and at low cost to solve the present problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forming method of a temporary metal mold, which is used for solving the problems that the production cost of the temporary mold used in the initial stage of product development is high or the number of times of molding is low.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the forming method of the temporary metal mold comprises the following steps: firstly, filling metal powder and a binder into a model, heating to form a metal green body, then demoulding and sintering, then performing rough machining according to the mould design of a product, cleaning and degreasing, then infiltrating with a high polymer material, and finally performing finish machining to obtain the temporary metal mould.
Optionally, the metal powder has an equiaxed shape, and the equiaxed shape means that the equiaxed degree of the object is above 0.6.
The equiaxed is defined as the ratio of the length of any one passing centroid to the average of any ten passing centroid lengths.
Optionally, the metal powder has a particle size of 50-100 μm.
If the particle size is too small, the pressure is too large during subsequent infiltration, and if the particle size is too large, the mold strength is not sufficient.
Optionally, the green metal body is of regular shape.
Optionally, the metal green body is a cube, a cuboid, a cone, a frustum, a cylinder, a cone or a circular truncated cone, preferably a cube or a cuboid.
Alternatively, the metal powder is uniformly filled in the mold by external pressure and/or ultrasonic vibration.
Optionally, the metal powder is selected from materials that have a hardness below HRC20 when in powder form and an increased hardness after sinter curing and/or heat treatment.
The metal powder is selected from iron-nickel alloy, low alloy steel, stainless steel 420 or stainless steel 440C.
Optionally, the green metal body has a pore fineness of 20-30% and is sintered to produce a sintered neck state, resulting in a sintered green body having 15-20% by volume of continuous pores.
Alternatively, the polymer material impregnation method is to lay the solid polymer material on a rough metal mold, and impregnate the polymer material into the rough metal mold by its own weight or an external pressure during the phase change by heating.
Optionally, the polymer material in the polymer material impregnation method is particles or powder of PA (polyamide), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PEEK (polyether ether ketone), or PEKK (polyether ketone).
Optionally, the melting point of the polymer material is 250 ℃ or higher, and the heating temperature in the polymer material impregnation method is above the glass transition temperature of the polymer material.
Optionally, the heating temperature in the polymer material impregnation method is 130% to 150% of the glass transition temperature of the polymer material.
Optionally, in the polymer material impregnation method, a rough metal mold is placed in the closed space during impregnation, and vacuum pumping is performed to assist in impregnation.
Optionally, the sintering process is specifically heating to 900-.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the metal powder is filled and sintered, so that the rapid forming of the metal block body is realized, compared with the prior art that high-density metal is adopted, the formed metal block is low in cost and easy to process, the processing time can be shortened, the cutter loss is saved, then the strength required by a mold for more than 1000 times can be rapidly obtained through infiltration of a high polymer material, and the surface smoothness and compactness required by a mold core are met, so that the forming method of the temporary metal mold is beneficial to operation, low in cost and particularly easy to popularize and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an injection mold described in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method of forming a temporary metal mold described in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the metal powder filling process described in example 1;
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of a green metal body as described in example 1;
FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of the green metal body of example 1 at the beginning of sintering;
FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of the sintered compact described in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the rough machining process described in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic of the infiltration and finishing process described in example 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the impregnation process of the polymer material in example 1.
Shown in the figure:
11-a mould frame, 12-a front mould core insert, 13-a rear mould core insert, 14-a glue inlet hole, 15-an ejector pin hole, 21-metal powder and a binder, 22-a model, 23-a pressing module, 24-a metal green body, 25-a numerical control processing cutter, 26-a sintering green body, 27-a primary insert, 28-a high polymer material, 29-an infiltration insert, 31-a container and 32-a vacuum tube.
Detailed Description
For the sake of understanding, the method for forming the temporary metal mold will be described below with reference to examples, which are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachably or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The objective is to form a temporary metal mold as shown in fig. 1, specifically, a front core insert 12 and a rear core insert 13 located in a mold frame 11, wherein a glue inlet hole 14 is also present on the front core insert 12 except for a product cavity, a plurality of thimble hole holes 15 are also present on the rear core insert 13 except for the product cavity, the product is made of HDPE (high density polyethylene) and has a melting point of about 135 ℃.
The front core insert 12 and the rear core insert 13 are formed in a similar manner, and a method of forming a temporary metal mold will be described by taking a process of forming one of the product cavities as an example.
As shown in fig. 2, the molding process generally includes: firstly, filling metal powder and a binder into a model, heating to form a metal green body, then demoulding and sintering, then performing rough machining according to the mould design of a product, cleaning and degreasing, then infiltrating with a high polymer material, and finally performing finish machining to obtain the temporary metal mould. As will be explained in detail below.
Firstly, filling metal powder and a binder into a model, and heating to form a metal green body, wherein the metal powder is made of hard 420 stainless steel and has an equiaxial shape, the equiaxial degree is more than 0.6, the grain diameter is d50=50-100 μm, and the equiaxial degree and the grain diameter are obtained by adopting a laser grain diameter distribution instrument for testing; the model is a cuboid with the length × width × height =250 × 250 × 120mm, as shown in fig. 3, in the filling process, the metal powder and the binder 21 are firstly filled into the model 22, then a pressing module 23 is arranged at an opening of the model 22 to press the filled metal powder and the binder 21, ultrasonic vibration is assisted to enable the metal powder to be uniformly and tightly compacted, and the metal powder is heated until the binder is melted to form a metal green body 24, wherein the metal green body 24 is a cuboid, an electron microscope photograph of the metal green body is shown in fig. 4, and the metal green body has multiple pores, and the pore fineness is about 20-30%.
The green metal 24 is then released from the mold 22 and sintered, heated to about 1100 ℃ at a rate of 30 ℃/min in an oxygen-free environment, and then held for about 60min to obtain a sintered body 26 after sintering. As shown in FIG. 5, the green metal 24 is rounded at high temperature and produces a sintered neck, which eventually reaches a dense state as shown in FIG. 6, containing 15-20% by volume of continuous porosity, as measured by a Rockwell hardness tester, with a hardness HRB 65-85.
As shown in fig. 7, rough machining is performed on the sintered compact 26 with a numerical control machining tool 25 according to the design of the rear core insert 13, and a preliminary insert 27 is obtained.
As shown in fig. 8, the preliminary insert 27 is cleaned and degreased by a conventional process, the preliminary insert 27 is then impregnated with a polymer material 28 to obtain an impregnated insert 29, and the impregnated insert 29 is further finished by a numerically controlled machining tool 25 to obtain a final product, in this case, a core insert 13. In this embodiment, the polymer material 28 is PA powder, and the melting point thereof is 250 ℃.
As shown in fig. 9, the polymer material infiltration process specifically includes placing the preliminary insert 27 in a container 31, laying the polymer material 28 on the preliminary insert 27, heating to 250 ℃ after sealing, that is, about 20 ℃ above the glass transition temperature of the polymer material 28, applying pressure from the upper portion, and simultaneously evacuating from a vacuum tube 32 on the container 31, where one end of the vacuum tube 32 is communicated with the cavity of the container 31 and the other end is led out of the container 31 to be connected with evacuation equipment, and only one vacuum tube 32 is shown in the figure, and in actual operation, a plurality of vacuum tubes may be provided according to circumstances, and positions may be adjusted, as long as it is possible to achieve sufficient and uniform infiltration of the auxiliary polymer material 28 into continuous holes in the preliminary insert 27, the polymer material 28 may fill the continuous holes of the preliminary insert 27 through one or more infiltration processes, and finally obtain the infiltration insert 29 after cooling, the polymer material 28 in the impregnated insert 29 is about 15%.
The front mold core insert 12 and the rear mold core insert 13 are prepared by the method.
Comparative example 1
The front mold core insert 12 and the rear mold core insert 13 are formed by 3D printing, and the material is 18-N300 maraging steel.
Comparative example 2
The front mold core insert 12 and the rear mold core insert 13 are directly formed by numerical control machining through non-mold steel, and are made of bakelite.
Example 2 comparative experiment
The mold insert cores prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were tested for strength, processing time, cost and mold frequency, and the experimental data are shown in table 1.
Wherein the hardness test is a standard test by adopting a Rockwell hardness tester;
the processing time is taken as the example of the same time for processing 5 mold core inserts;
the cost is taken as an example of the cost for processing the same 5-piece mold core insert;
the mold opening times test is the mold opening times of the processed mold core insert for injection molding to obtain a qualified product.
TABLE 1
Through the experiment, the hardness of the mold in the technical scheme provided by the invention is not as good as that of a 3D printed product, but the mold is obviously superior to that in a comparison ratio 2, while the embodiment 1 is similar to the comparison ratio 2 in terms of processing time and processing cost, but the comparison ratio 1 is obviously less and lower, most importantly, the mold in the embodiment 1 in a module test completely meets the requirement of temporary mold generation of a sample in product development, while the comparison ratio 2 has the advantages of short processing time and low processing cost, but the number of module times is too small to meet the actual requirement, and if a new product is regenerated, the advantages of time and cost do not exist, so that the cost performance of the technical scheme provided by the invention is the most superior in comprehensive view.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and such modifications or replacements may not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for forming a temporary metal mold, comprising the steps of: firstly, filling metal powder and a binder into a model, heating to form a metal green body, then demoulding and sintering, then performing rough machining according to the mould design of a product, cleaning, degreasing, impregnating with a polymer material, and finally performing finish machining to obtain a temporary metal mould, wherein the metal green body is in a regular shape.
2. A method of forming a temporary metal mold according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder has an equiaxed shape, and the equiaxed shape is an object having an equiaxed degree of 0.6 or more.
3. A method for forming a temporary metal mold according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder has a particle diameter of 50 to 100 μm.
4. A method of forming a temporary metal mold as set forth in claim 1, wherein said green metal compact is a cube or a cuboid.
5. A temporary metal mold forming method according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder is filled in the mold by external pressure and/or ultrasonic vibration.
6. A method of forming a temporary metal mold as set forth in claim 1, wherein the green metal part has a pore fineness of 20-30% and is sintered to produce a sintered neck state to form a sintered green part having 15-20% by volume of continuous pores.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer material is particles or powder of PA, PPS, PBT, PEEK or PEKK.
8. The method of molding a temporary metal mold according to claim 1, wherein the melting point of the polymer material is 250 ℃ or higher, and the heating temperature in the polymer material impregnation method is 250 ℃ or higher.
9. The method for molding a temporary metal mold according to claim 1, wherein the infiltration of the polymer material is performed by placing a rough metal mold in a closed space during the infiltration and performing vacuum-assisted infiltration.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering process is carried out at a temperature rise rate of 28-35 ℃/min to 900-1200 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment, and then the temperature is maintained for 50-80 min.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110918921.6A CN113560578A (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Forming method of temporary metal mold |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110918921.6A CN113560578A (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Forming method of temporary metal mold |
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| CN113560578A true CN113560578A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
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| CN202110918921.6A Pending CN113560578A (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Forming method of temporary metal mold |
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2021
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