CN100446897C - Method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die - Google Patents
Method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die Download PDFInfo
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- CN100446897C CN100446897C CNB2006100297653A CN200610029765A CN100446897C CN 100446897 C CN100446897 C CN 100446897C CN B2006100297653 A CNB2006100297653 A CN B2006100297653A CN 200610029765 A CN200610029765 A CN 200610029765A CN 100446897 C CN100446897 C CN 100446897C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly producing metal mould with laser sintering, which comprises: first, using at least two kinds of different metal powders with different diameters, to be mixed with different mass percentages; using physical or chemical modification to treat the surface of metal powder; then mixing the modified metal powders, the adhesive formed by organic resin and inorganic with different fusion points, and the lubricant uniformly to obtain the metal molding powder; then designing the three-dimension CAD mode of mould, to slice the mode, and laser sintering the metal molding powder; the laser sintered element is baked at 300-800Deg. C; using vacuum pressure penetration to penetrate the metal, to obtain the high-accuracy metal mould.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fast metal mold producing, especially relate to a kind of precinct laser sintering (Selectivelaser sintering, SLS) method of fast metal mold producing.
Background technology:
Continuous aggravation along with market globalization and competition, the speed of model change is constantly accelerated, the exploitation of new product, development, with short production cycle, in batches little, upgrade fast, become one of main trend of manufacturing industry technical development, multi-varieties and small-batch will become manufacturing important production model.In this case, manufacturing industry is had higher requirement to the quick manufacturing of product prototype and the Rapid Manufacturing Technology of mould, has proposed high efficiency, high accuracy, the three high moulds of high life.And the target of metal die Rapid Manufacturing Technology is directly to make the high accuracy durable metal die that can be used for suitability for industrialized production, it is shortening manufacturing cycle, energy-conservation resource-saving, is bringing into play material property, is improving precision, is having very big potentiality aspect reducing cost, and becomes one of 21 century mold making technology of paying close attention to the most of manufacturing industry.Wherein, because the precinct laser sintering selection is wide, utilizing SLS technology directly to make metal die has become the important means that enterprise develops new product, dominates the market fast, is one of hot fields of present various countries research and development.
The SLS fast metal mold producing mainly contains following three kinds of approach, the one, single metal dust high power laser sinter molding, utilize high power laser light (more than the 1000W) that metal dust is scanned sintering, the moulding that successively superposes, profiled member is promptly finished Mold Making through surperficial post processing (polishing, fine finishining); The 2nd, the mixed metal powder laser sintering and moulding, powder for molding is the mixture of two or more metal dust, a kind of fusing point wherein is lower, play binding agent, because the various metal contracts amounts of different melting points are inconsistent, can compensate its Volume Changes mutually, make the gross shrinkage of product little, and the post processing of must infiltrating; But the metal dust of above-mentioned two kinds of methods will melt under laser action; and because the characteristics of SLS " anxious molten speed is cold " sintering; in the metal powders melt sintering process, there are nodularization and sintering shrinkage phenomenon; consequent thermal stress makes sintered part that warpage easily take place, and may there be some tangible sintering defectives in sintered part, and density is not high yet; and required laser sintering and moulding machine laser power is bigger; easily oxidized in the powder sintered process, need inert gas shielding, apparatus expensive.The 3rd, coating film metal powder or metal and the moulding of mixed with resin selective laser sintering obtain metal bonding entity by the low power laser sintering, through degreasing, high temperature sintering, the post processing of infiltration low-melting-point metal, directly form metal die; But the intensity of this class selective laser sintering spare is not high, density is low, cracking, distortion and infiltration hole defect etc. appear in sintered part metal infiltration post processing easily, still there are many technical difficulties in bad to mutual wetability especially metal penetration difficulty aspect metal die, the mechanical property of its mfg. moulding die is not high, precision is lower, surface quality is relatively poor, is difficult to it is directly used as final mould, generally can only use as exemplar or mould master mold.Aspects such as particularly present Ferrious material die Rapid Manufacturing Technology is immature, dimensional accuracy, surface quality, comprehensive mechanical performance existing problems also have suitable distance from practicability.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die, it can prepare high accuracy, metal die that surface quality is good fast.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
(1) the metal dust proportioning of variable grain particle diameter: adopt the metal dust of two kinds of different-grain diameters, by different mass percent mixing match, to improve the shop powder density of powder bed;
(2) precinct laser sintering metal forming powder preparation: adopt the method for conventional physics or chemical modification that metal dust is carried out surface treatment,, obtain the metal forming powder with the metal dust after the modification and multicomponent bonding agent and lubricant evenly mixing in proportion;
(3) precinct laser sintering moulding: according to the requirement of die forming, the three-dimensional CAD of designing mould (computer meter auxiliary design) model, and three-dimensional CAD model carried out slicing treatment, above-mentioned metal forming powder is carried out the precinct laser sintering moulding;
(4) roasting: degrade fully at 300-800 ℃ of organic adhesive for laser sintered and burn to lose, obtain product with the inorganic adhesive bonding;
(5) vacuum pressure infiltration metal: product is fixed in the heater in the pressure vessel, then at the metal material of product placed around infiltration, product and metal material are heated and keep vacuum state, after metal temperature reaches 300-1000 ℃, stop to vacuumize, continue to be heated to 450--1600 ℃ after, charge into Compressed Gas, regulate osmotic pressure then, just can obtain dense structure and high-precision metal die.
Described metal dust is a kind of in iron, titanium, nickel, copper, the aluminium powder.
The particle diameter of metal dust is less than 250 μ m, and two kinds of different particle diameters are by 1: 2--1: 5 mass percent mixing match.
Described multicomponent bonding agent is the inorganic adhesive of different melting points and the mixture of organic adhesive.
Described inorganic adhesive is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) or aluminum phosphate, and described organic adhesive is epoxy resin, nylon, polystyrene powder or polypropylene powder.
Described lubricant is lithium stearate, graphite or molybdenum bisuphide.
Described metal material is a kind of in zinc, aluminium, magnesium, copper, the ferroalloy.
Described Compressed Gas is compressed air, nitrogen or argon gas.
Also can add following filler at precinct laser sintering in the metal forming powder preparation: dispersant and light absorber, described dispersant are talcum powder or white carbon, and described light absorber is a carbon black.
Technological parameter decisions such as laser sintering (SLS) is mainly thick by laser power, sweep speed, shop bisque, sweep span, preheat temperature.The preparation of employing precinct laser sintering, the advantage that have fast, dimensional accuracy is high, performance good, technology is simple, production cost is low.
The characteristics of vacuum pressure infiltration be molten metal vacuum, etc. seepage flow under the gentle pressure condition, under the certain pressure condition, solidify, it has good seepage flow and curing condition, can avoid the problem that entrains into of gas and field trash, dense internal organization; Molten metal is seepage flow under vacuum pressure, has improved the mold-filling capacity of melt greatly, and time of penetration is short, and eliminated the illeffects in the casting process of gas, can obtain complex shape, any surface finish and accurate in size metallic article.The metalwork density height of this method preparation can be guaranteed on performance and stability effectively.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further to describe in detail.
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment is that precinct laser sintering is made smart cast copper mould fast.
(1) the metal dust proportioning of variable grain particle diameter: the metal Cu powder of two kinds of average-size 13 μ m and 65 μ m, by 1: 2 mass percent mixing match;
(2) precinct laser sintering prepares with the metallic copper powder for molding: adopt silane coupler KH-570 that copper powder is carried out surface modification treatment, copper powder after the modification and 6% ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder, 8% epoxy resin powder, 3% lithium stearate powder are evenly mixed, obtain the metallic copper powder for molding;
(3) precinct laser sintering moulding: according to the requirement of die forming, the three-dimensional CAD model of designing mould, and three-dimensional CAD model carried out slicing treatment, in the laser sintering process parameter be: laser power 40W, sweep speed 1500mm/s, sweep span 0.1mm, the thick 0.15mm of shop bisque, 100 ℃ of preheat temperatures are carried out the precinct laser sintering moulding to above-mentioned metallic copper powder for molding;
(4) roasting: laser sintered slowly is heated to 500 ℃, and epoxy resin adhesive is degraded fully to burn and lost, and continues to be warming up to 700 ℃ of roastings;
(5) vacuum pressure infiltration metal: the product after the roasting is fixed in the heater in the pressure vessel, then at the aluminium alloy of product placed around infiltration, product and aluminium alloy are heated and keep vacuum state, vacuum is less than 1KPa, after the parent metal temperature is reached for 580 ℃, stop to vacuumize, after continuing to be heated to 750 ℃, charge into compressed air, air pressure is 400Kpa, pressurize 10min, and take out the cold back of stove, through thin grinding process, just can obtain dense structure and high-precision smart cast copper mould.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment is that precinct laser sintering is made the injection moulding punching block fast.
(1) the metal dust proportioning of variable grain particle diameter: the metallic reducing iron powder of two kinds of average-size 20 μ m and 80 μ m, by 1: 3 mass percent mixing match;
(2) precinct laser sintering prepares with metallic reducing iron powder for molding: adopt silane coupler KH-570 that the metallic reducing iron powder is carried out surface modification treatment, metal iron powder after the modification and 6% ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder, 5% epoxy resin powder, 3% nylon, 6 powder, 3% lithium stearate powder, 1% carbon powder are evenly mixed, obtain the metallic iron powder for molding;
(3) precinct laser sintering moulding: according to the requirement of die forming, the three-dimensional CAD model of designing mould, and three-dimensional CAD model carried out slicing treatment, in the laser sintering process parameter be: laser power 42.5W, sweep speed 1500mm/s, sweep span 0.1mm, the thick 0.15mm of shop bisque, 105 ℃ of preheat temperatures are carried out the precinct laser sintering moulding to above-mentioned metallic iron powder for molding;
(4) roasting: laser sintered slowly is heated to 550 ℃, and epoxy resin adhesive and nylon 6 bonding agents are degraded fully to burn and lost; Continue to be warming up to 700 ℃ of roastings;
(5) vacuum pressure infiltration metal: the product after the roasting is fixed in the heater in the pressure vessel, then at the copper alloy of product placed around infiltration, product and copper alloy are heated and keep vacuum state, vacuum is less than 500Pa, after the metallic copper alloy temperature is reached for 780 ℃, stop to vacuumize, after continuing to be heated to 1050 ℃, charge into Compressed Gas, air pressure is 300Kpa, pressurize 5min, and take out the cold back of stove, handle through polishing, just can obtain dense structure and high-precision injection moulding punching block.
Embodiment 3:
Present embodiment is that precinct laser sintering is made smart Cast Aluminum Dies fast.
(1) the metal dust proportioning of variable grain particle diameter: the metallic aluminium powder of two kinds of average-size 10 μ m and 50 μ m, by 1: 4 mass percent mixing match;
(2) precinct laser sintering prepares with the metallic aluminium powder for molding: adopt silane coupler KH-570 that metallic aluminium powder is carried out surface modification treatment, aluminium powder after the modification and 5% ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder, 8% epoxy resin powder, 3% lithium stearate powder, 1% carbon powder are evenly mixed, obtain the metallic aluminium powder for molding;
(3) precinct laser sintering moulding: according to the requirement of die forming, the three-dimensional CAD model of designing mould, and three-dimensional CAD model carried out slicing treatment, in the laser sintering process parameter be: laser power 38W, sweep speed 1600mm/s, sweep span 0.1mm, the thick 0.15mm of shop bisque, 95 ℃ of preheat temperatures are carried out the precinct laser sintering moulding to above-mentioned metal forming powder;
(4) roasting: laser sintered slowly is heated to 550 ℃ of roastings, and epoxy resin adhesive is degraded fully to burn and lost;
(5) vacuum pressure infiltration metal: the product after the roasting is fixed in the heater in the pressure vessel, then at the low-melting point zinc alloy of product placed around infiltration, product and kirsite are heated and keep vacuum state, vacuum is less than 100Pa, after the parent metal temperature is reached for 320 ℃, stop to vacuumize, after continuing to be heated to 450 ℃, charge into Compressed Gas, regulate osmotic pressure then, air pressure is 300Kpa, pressurize 5min, take out the cold back of stove, handles through polishing, just can obtain dense structure and high-precision smart Cast Aluminum Dies.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die is characterized in that:
(1) the metal dust proportioning of varying particle size, the metal dust of two kinds of different-grain diameters of employing is by different mass percent mixing match, to improve the shop powder density of powder bed; Wherein, described metal dust is a kind of in iron, titanium, nickel, copper, the aluminium powder;
(2) precinct laser sintering metal forming powder preparation: adopt the method for physics or chemical modification that metal dust is carried out surface treatment,, obtain the metal forming powder with the metal dust after the modification and multicomponent bonding agent and the evenly mixing in proportion of lubricant filler; Wherein, described multicomponent bonding agent is the inorganic adhesive of different melting points and the mixture of organic adhesive;
(3) precinct laser sintering moulding: according to the requirement of die forming, the three-dimensional CAD model of designing mould, and three-dimensional CAD model carried out slicing treatment, by certain sintering process parameter the metal forming powder is carried out the precinct laser sintering moulding;
(4) roasting: degrade fully at 300-800 ℃ of organic adhesive for laser sintered and burn to lose, obtain product with the inorganic adhesive bonding;
(5) metal infiltration: adopt the vacuum pressure infiltration method, being about to product is fixed in the heater in the pressure vessel, then at the metal material of product placed around infiltration, product and metal material are heated and keep vacuum state, after metal temperature reaches 300-1000 ℃, stop to vacuumize, after continuing to be heated to 450-1600 ℃, charge into Compressed Gas, regulate osmotic pressure then, just can obtain dense structure and high-precision metal die.
2, the method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the particle diameter of metal dust is less than 250 μ m, and two kinds of different particle diameters are by 1: 2--1: 5 mass percent mixing match.
3, the method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described inorganic adhesive is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) or aluminum phosphate, and described organic adhesive is epoxy resin, nylon, polystyrene or polypropylene.
4, the method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described lubricant is lithium stearate, graphite or molybdenum bisuphide.
5, the method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: use at precinct laser sintering and add following filler in the metal forming powder preparation: dispersant and light absorber, described dispersant is talcum powder or white carbon, and described light absorber is a carbon black.
6, the method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described Compressed Gas is compressed air, nitrogen or argon gas.
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| CNB2006100297653A CN100446897C (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2006-08-02 | Method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die |
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| CNB2006100297653A CN100446897C (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2006-08-02 | Method for precinct laser sintering fast manufacture metal die |
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| CN1907602A CN1907602A (en) | 2007-02-07 |
| CN100446897C true CN100446897C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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| CN110681858A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-01-14 | 重庆理工大学 | Preparation method of magnesium alloy raw material for 3D printing and printing method thereof |
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