CN113475519B

CN113475519B - Mung bean defoliant composition, mung bean defoliant and preparation method and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113475519B
Application number: CN202110776979.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘瑞显; 陈新; 王晓婧; 张国伟; 袁星星; 杨长琴
Original assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-07-09
Filing date: 2021-07-09
Publication date: 2022-11-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-09
Also published as: CN113475519A

Abstract

The application provides a mung bean defoliant composition, a mung bean defoliant and a preparation method and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of mung bean planting. The mung bean defoliating agent composition comprises: 25 to 36 parts of thidiazuron, 4 to 6 parts of cyclamic acid and 0.3 to 0.7 part of gibberellic acid. The mung bean defoliant composition can be combined with a solvent, so that the defoliation rate of mung beans during harvesting can reach more than 90%, the mechanical harvesting requirement is met, the mechanical harvesting load is reduced, the consistent maturity rate of mung beans is improved, and the yield and the quality of mung beans are not influenced.

Description

Mung bean defoliant composition, mung bean defoliant and preparation method and using method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of mung bean planting, in particular to a mung bean defoliant composition, a mung bean defoliant and a preparation method and a using method thereof.

Background

The mung beans have the characteristics of high protein, low fat and homology of medicine and food, and are ideal nutritional health-care food for people. In recent years, with the change of agricultural cultivation system and diet concept, mung beans have growing areas and market demands due to short growth period, barren resistance and land use and cultivation functions, and have become the first choice crops for current planting structure adjustment, peasants in economically undeveloped areas to lose poverty and become rich and disaster reduction and supplement after agricultural disasters.

The fundamental path of agriculture is mechanization. At present, mechanization is realized in the links of sowing, pesticide spraying, fertilization, weeding and the like in the production of mung beans, but the harvesting mode is mainly manual picking or manual cutting, field air drying, drying in the sun and threshing. The harvesting mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the grinding threshing damage rate is high, and if continuous precipitation is encountered, grains are easy to mildew, so that the problems of poor commodity of mung beans and food safety are caused. These disadvantages have become the main factors limiting the large-scale development of the mung bean industry, and therefore, achieving efficient mechanized harvesting is the necessary route for the development of the mung bean industry. The chemical defoliation technology is adopted, so that the mung beans can be promoted to fall off before being harvested, the mechanized harvesting load is reduced, and the mechanical harvesting efficiency is improved. The chemical defoliation technology is the core technology for realizing the mechanical harvesting of the mung beans.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a mung bean defoliant composition, a mung bean defoliant and a preparation method and a using method thereof, which can enable the defoliation rate of mung beans to reach more than 90% during harvesting.

The embodiment of the application is realized as follows:

in a first aspect, the present application provides a mung bean defoliant composition comprising: 25 to 36 parts of thidiazuron, 4 to 6 parts of cyclamic acid and 0.3 to 0.7 part of gibberellic acid.

In the technical scheme, the mung bean defoliant composition can be combined with a solvent, and is used for improving the defoliation rate of mung beans, so that the defoliation rate of the mung beans reaches over 90% during harvesting, and the consistent maturity rate of the mung beans is improved, thereby reducing the mechanical harvesting load.

In a first possible example of the first aspect of the present application in combination with the first aspect, the thidiazuron is a wettable powder.

In the above examples, thidiazuron in wettable powders can be suspended in an aqueous solvent.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a mung bean defoliating agent comprising 0.25 to 0.36wt% thidiazuron, 0.04 to 0.06wt% cyclamic acid, 0.003 to 0.007wt% gibberellic acid, and the balance solvent.

Optionally, the mung bean defoliating agent also comprises 0.03 to 0.07wt% of dispersing agent.

In the technical scheme, the mung bean defoliating agent can be used for improving the defoliation rate of mung beans, so that the defoliation rate of the mung beans reaches over 90 percent during harvesting, the consistent maturity rate of the mung beans is improved, and the mechanical harvesting load is reduced.

In a first possible example of the second aspect of the present application in combination with the second aspect, the above-mentioned solvent includes water, a sodium hydroxide solution, and absolute ethanol.

In the above example, water, sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethanol were used to dissolve thidiazuron, the cyclic acid amide and gibberellic acid, respectively.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the mung bean defoliant, which comprises the following steps: mixing a first mixed solution containing thidiazuron, a second mixed solution containing cyclamate and a third mixed solution containing gibberellic acid according to a ratio.

In the technical scheme, the preparation method of the mung bean defoliant is simple and convenient, and the prepared mung bean defoliant is stable.

With reference to the third aspect, in a first possible example of the third aspect of the present application, the solvent of the first mixed solution is water, and a mass-to-volume ratio of thidiazuron to water in the first mixed solution is 1.

With reference to the third aspect, in a second possible example of the third aspect of the present application, the solvent of the second mixed solution is a 0.5 to 2wt% sodium hydroxide solution, and a mass ratio of the cyclopropanecarboxamide to the sodium hydroxide solution in the second mixed solution is 1 to 5 g/mL.

With reference to the third aspect, in a third possible example of the third aspect of the present application, the solvent of the third mixed solution is absolute ethanol, and a mass ratio of the gibberellic acid to the absolute ethanol in the third mixed solution is 1.

With reference to the third aspect, in a fourth possible example of the third aspect of the present invention, after the fourth mixed solution is prepared by mixing the first mixed solution, the second mixed solution, and the third mixed solution, a diffusing agent is added to the fourth mixed solution, and the volume is determined with water.

Optionally, the diffusing agent is tween 80.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for using a mung bean defoliant, comprising: when the mung beans are 80-85% of the mature period, the defoliant is used for foliage spraying, and the dosage per mu is 20-25L.

Optionally, the spray time is between 15 and 19 points.

Optionally, 10-12.5L of the composition is applied to each mu of the rain within 12 hours after the composition is applied.

In the technical scheme, the mung bean defoliating agent is simple and convenient to use, only needs to be applied once when no rain exists within 12 hours after the agent is applied, and only needs to be applied once when rain occurs within 12 hours after the agent is applied.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The following is a detailed description of a mung bean defoliant composition, a mung bean defoliant, and a preparation method and a use method thereof according to embodiments of the present application:

the present application provides a mung bean defoliant composition comprising: 25 to 36 parts of thidiazuron, 4 to 6 parts of cyclanilide and 0.3 to 0.7 part of gibberellic acid.

Among them, thidiazuron is a novel and highly efficient cytokinin having an effect of promoting the bud differentiation of plants. At present, the defoliant is used in cotton planting, and after being absorbed by plants, the defoliant can promote the natural formation of the separated tissues between the petioles and the stems to fall off.

Cyclopropanoamide is a cyclopropane carboxylic acid plant growth regulator, has a synergistic effect when mixed with ethephon, and is mainly used for cotton crops.

Gibberellic acid is a high-quality and high-efficiency plant growth regulator, can promote the growth and development of crops, mature in advance, improve the quality and increase the yield, and can quickly break the dormancy of organs such as seeds, tubers and bulbs, promote germination, improve the fruit setting rate or form seedless fruits.

The mung bean defoliant composition combines thidiazuron, cyclamic acid and gibberellic acid according to a ratio, is low in cost, can be used for improving the defoliation rate of mung beans after being dissolved in a solvent, enables the defoliation rate of mung beans to reach more than 90% during harvesting, and improves the consistent maturity rate of mung beans, thereby reducing the mechanical harvesting load.

Alternatively, thidiazuron is a wettable powder.

Alternatively, thidiazuron is a 50wt% wettable powder.

Thidiazuron in wettable powder can form suspension with water solvent.

In the mung bean defoliant composition of the present application, 25 to 36 parts by weight of thidiazuron in thidiazuron is pure thidiazuron and is not a 50wt% wettable powder, and if the amount is converted to 50wt% of thidiazuron wettable powder, the mung bean defoliant composition includes 50 to 72 parts by weight of 50wt% thidiazuron wettable powder.

Optionally, the mung bean defoliant composition further comprises 3 to 7 parts by weight of a dispersing agent.

Optionally, the diffusing agent comprises tween 80.

Optionally, the diffusing agent is tween 80.

Tween 80 is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polysorbate-80 for short, and is an organic compound with chemical formula C ₂₄ H ₄₄ O ₆ (C ₂ H ₄ O) n is easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, vegetable oil, ethyl acetate, methanol and toluene, insoluble in mineral oil, is a nonionic surfactant, has an emulsifying effect, is beneficial to uniform dispersion of thidiazuron, cyclanilide and gibberellic acid in the mung bean defoliant, and simultaneously ensures that the mung bean defoliant has better adhesion on the surfaces of mung bean leaves.

The application provides a mung bean defoliating agent which comprises 0.25 to 0.36 weight percent of thidiazuron, 0.04 to 0.06 weight percent of cyclamic acid, 0.003 to 0.007 weight percent of gibberellic acid and the balance of solvent.

The mung bean defoliant can be used for improving the defoliation rate of mung beans, so that the defoliation rate of the mung beans reaches over 90% when the mung beans are harvested, and the consistent maturity rate of the mung beans is improved, thereby reducing the mechanical harvesting load.

The solvent comprises water, sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethyl alcohol.

Alternatively, the solvent is a mixture of water, sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethanol.

Wherein, water is used for partially or completely dissolving the thidiazuron to obtain a suspension of the thidiazuron, a sodium hydroxide solution is used for dissolving the cyclanilide, and absolute ethyl alcohol is used for dissolving the gibberellic acid.

The embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the mung bean defoliant, which comprises the following steps: mixing a first mixed solution containing thidiazuron, a second mixed solution containing cyclicamide and a third mixed solution containing gibberellic acid according to a ratio.

The preparation method of the mung bean defoliant is simple and convenient, and the prepared mung bean defoliant is stable.

The first mixed solution is prepared by the following method:

weighing a proper amount of thidiazuron, and dissolving the thidiazuron in water to obtain a first mixed solution.

The first mixed solution is a suspension.

Optionally, the mass-to-volume ratio of thidiazuron to water in the first mixed solution is 1.

In one embodiment of the present application, the mass-to-volume ratio of thidiazuron to water in the first mixed solution is 1. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mass to volume ratio of thidiazuron to water in the first mixed solution may be 1.

The second mixed solution is prepared by the following method:

and weighing a proper amount of the cyclamic acid amide, and dissolving the cyclamic acid amide in a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a second mixed solution.

Optionally, the mass fraction of the selected sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-2 wt%.

In one embodiment of the present application, the sodium hydroxide solution is selected to have a mass fraction of 1wt%. In some other embodiments herein, the sodium hydroxide solution can be selected to have a mass fraction of 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, or 2wt%.

Optionally, the mass ratio of the cyclopropanecarboxamide to the sodium hydroxide solution in the second mixed solution is 1.

In one embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the cyclopropanecarboxamide to the sodium hydroxide solution in the second mixed solution is 1. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the cyclopropanecarboxamide to the sodium hydroxide solution in the second mixed solution can also be 1.

The third mixed solution is prepared by the following method:

weighing appropriate amount of gibberellic acid, and dissolving gibberellic acid in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a third mixed solution.

In the present application, the absolute ethanol is not a completely pure ethanol, but an ethanol aqueous solution having a concentration of 99.5wt% or more.

Optionally, the mass ratio of the gibberellic acid to the absolute ethanol in the third mixed solution is 1.

In one embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of gibberellic acid to absolute ethanol in the third mixed solution is 1. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of gibberellic acid to anhydrous ethanol in the third mixed solution may also be 1.

And adding a dispersing agent when mixing the first mixed solution, the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution.

When the concentration of the thidiazuron, the cyclamic acid and the gibberellic acid in the mixed solution is higher, the volume is determined by water, and the mung bean defoliant with the target concentration is prepared by uniformly mixing.

The application also provides a use method of the mung bean defoliating agent, which comprises the following steps: the defoliant is sprayed on the leaves of the mung beans when 80 to 85 percent of the mung beans are in the mature period.

Wherein the mung bean maturation stage is estimated based on the ratio of the mung bean black pods to all the pods. The method for estimating the mature period of the mung beans comprises the following steps: firstly, counting the number of black pods and the number of all fruit pods of mung beans in a preset area respectively based on the estimation of mung beans in the preset area, and then calculating the proportion of the black pods to all the fruit pods.

When the calculated proportion of the black pods to all the fruit pods is 80-85%, the mung bean defoliating agent can be sprayed on the mung beans.

Alternatively, mung bean defoliant spray may be applied when the calculated percentage of black pods to all fruit pods is 80%.

It should be noted that when the mung beans are in the mature period or are about to enter the mature period, the mature period of the mung beans needs to be estimated every day, so that 80-85% of the mature period of the mung beans is avoided.

The spraying time of the mung bean defoliating agent is between 15 and 19.

In one embodiment of the present application, the mung bean defoliant is sprayed between 15 and 16 points. In some other embodiments of the present application, the mung bean defoliating agent may be sprayed between 16 and 17 o ' clock, or between 17 and 18 o ' clock, or between 18 and 19 o ' clock.

The spraying amount of the mung bean defoliant is 20 to 25L per mu.

Optionally, the spraying amount of the mung bean defoliating agent is 20-23L per mu.

Optionally, the spraying amount of the mung bean defoliating agent is 20L per mu.

In one embodiment of the present application, the spray amount of the mung bean defoliant is 20L. In other embodiments of the present application, the spray amount of the mung bean defoliating agent may be 21L, 22L, 23L, 24L or 25L.

When the mung bean defoliant is sprayed, all leaves need to be applied with the pesticide.

When the pesticide is applied for 2 hours, 10-12.5L of the pesticide is applied to each mu of land when meeting rain. Namely, when the mung bean defoliant is sprayed for the first time and rains within 12 hours, the mung bean defoliant needs to be sprayed for the second time.

Optionally, 11-12L of the pesticide is applied to each mu of the land in case of rain within 2 hours after the pesticide is applied.

In one embodiment of the present application, 11L of mung bean defoliant is applied to each acre of land within 12 hours after application. In other embodiments of the present application, 10L, 10.5L, 11.5L, 12L, or 12.5L of the mung bean defoliant may be applied to the area within 12 hours after application.

A mung bean defoliant composition, a mung bean defoliant, and methods for making and using the same according to the present application are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

The compositions of the mung bean defoliants of examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 1, and the compositions of the mung bean defoliants of comparative examples 1 to 20 are shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 composition of mung bean defoliants of examples 1 to 7

Item	Thidiazuron (wt%)	Cyclopropionic acid amide (wt%)	Gibberellic acid (wt%)
				Example 1	0.3	0.05	0.005
Example 2	0.25	0.04	0.003
				Example 3	0.25	0.05	0.005
Example 4	0.25	0.06	0.007
				Example 5	0.35	0.04	0.003
Example 6	0.35	0.05	0.005
				Example 7	0.35	0.06	0.007

TABLE 2 ingredient table of mung bean defoliants of comparative examples 1 to 20

Test examples

The test was carried out in 2019 at the experimental base of agricultural academy of sciences of Jiangsu province, nanjing, city, jiangsu province. The mung bean sowing time is No. 6 and No. 25. The row spacing is 35cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, 2 plants are planted in one hole, and the number of the plants is about 12700 per mu. All treatments are applied uniformly, all fertilizers are applied at one time according to light simplification requirements, the fertilization time is 7 months and 15 days, the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 15. The spray was carried out at 8 months and 25 days when the ripening rate reached 80%, 20L of the mung bean defoliant of the examples or comparative examples of the present application was used per mu, and the number of leaves, the number of ripe pods, and the number of total pods were investigated before the spray. Leaf number, pod number ripe and total pod number were investigated again on day 10 after spraying. The pod number per plant, the weight per hundred grains, the yield per plant and the contents of starch, protein and nutrient elements P, K, ca and Mg of mung bean seeds were measured at the time of harvest, as shown in tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 3 defoliation Effect and Effect on yield of mung beans according to examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 20

TABLE 4 influence of mung bean defoliants of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 20 on mung bean quality

Wherein, the blank control group is sprayed with clear water;

maturation rate (%) = black pod number/total pod number 100%;

defoliation rate (%) = number of leaves after 10 days of spraying/number of leaves before spraying × 100%.

The defoliation rates of the examples 1 to 7 are respectively improved by 7.9%, 3.5%, 5.9%, 6.3%, 4.7%, 5.6% and 6.1% compared with the maturation rate of the blank control group, the defoliation rates of the examples 1 to 7 are all more than 90%, and the pod number, the hundred grain weight and the yield of each plant are not significantly different from those of the blank control group.

The maturation rates of comparative examples 1-11 were increased by-1.4%, 0.2%, -1%, 0, 0.3%, 2%, 2.7%, 1.3%, 0.5%, 4%, and 5%, respectively, as compared to the maturation rate of the blank control; the defoliation rates of comparative examples 1 to 3 were 60% or less, and mung bean leaves applied in comparative example 3 appeared to be dry and not to fall, the defoliation rates of comparative examples 4 to 7 were 0 as in the blank control, the defoliation rates of comparative examples 8 to 11 were 70 to 78%, and the number of pods per plant, the weight per hundred and the yield per plant were not significantly different from those of the blank control.

The maturity rates of the comparative examples 12 to 16 are respectively increased by 5%, 6.5%, 3.3%, 4.3% and 3.6% compared with the maturity rate of the blank control group, the defoliation rates of the comparative examples 12 to 14 are between 79 and 84.1%, the defoliation rates of the comparative examples 15 to 16 are below 60%, and the number of pods per plant, the weight of the hundred grains and the yield per plant are not significantly different from the blank control group.

The maturity rates of the comparative examples 17 to 20 are respectively increased by 1.3%, 2.2%, 3.5% and 4.7% compared with the maturity rate of the blank control group, the defoliation rates of the comparative examples 17 to 20 are below 35%, and the pod number, the hundred grain weight and the yield of each plant are not significantly different from those of the blank control group.

The starch content, protein content, P content, K content, ca content and Mg content of examples 1-7 were not significantly different from those of the blank control.

Starch content of comparative examples 2-4, 10, 15 and 17 was reduced by 19.3mg/g, 16.9mg/g, 20.9mg/g, 25.2mg/g, 20.7mg/g and 16.6mg/g compared to the starch content of the blank control; the protein contents of comparative examples 5 to 6, 8 to 10, 14 and 19 were decreased by 23.9mg/g, 24.4mg/g, 18.1mg/g, 26.6mg/g, 24.7mg/g, 23.7mg/g and 26mg/g compared to the protein content of the blank control group; the K content of comparative example 3 was reduced by 2.1mg/g compared to the K content of the blank.

In summary, the mung bean defoliating agent provided by the embodiment of the application can enable the defoliation rate of mung beans to reach more than 90% during harvesting, meets the mechanical harvesting requirement, reduces the mechanical harvesting load, improves the consistent maturity rate of mung beans, and has no influence on the yield and quality of mung beans.

The foregoing is illustrative of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, as numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The mung bean defoliant composition is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25 to 36 parts of thidiazuron, 4 to 6 parts of cyclanilide and 0.3 to 0.7 part of gibberellic acid.

2. The mung bean defoliant composition according to claim 1, wherein the thidiazuron is a wettable powder.

3. The mung bean defoliant is characterized by comprising 0.25-0.36 wt% of thidiazuron, 0.04-0.06 wt% of cyclamic acid, 0.003-0.007 wt% of gibberellic acid and the balance of solvent.

4. The mung bean defoliant according to claim 3, further comprising 0.03 to 0.07wt% of a dispersing agent.

5. The mung bean defoliant according to claim 3, wherein the solvent comprises water, sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethanol.

6. A method for preparing a mung bean defoliant according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the method for preparing a mung bean defoliant comprises: mixing a first mixed solution containing thidiazuron, a second mixed solution containing cyclamate and a third mixed solution containing gibberellic acid according to a ratio.

7. The method for producing a mung bean defoliant according to claim 6, wherein the solvent of the first mixed solution is water, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the thidiazuron to the water in the first mixed solution is 1 to 10g/mL.

8. The method for producing a mung bean defoliant according to claim 6, wherein the solvent of the second mixed solution is a 0.5 to 2wt% sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass ratio of the cyclopropylamide to the sodium hydroxide solution in the second mixed solution is 1.

9. The method for preparing a mung bean defoliant according to claim 6, wherein the solvent of the third mixed solution is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the gibberellic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol in the third mixed solution is 1 to 10g/mL.

10. The method for producing a mung bean defoliating agent according to claim 6, wherein a fourth mixed solution is prepared by mixing the first mixed solution, the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution, and then a dispersing agent is added to the fourth mixed solution, and the volume is determined with water.

11. The method for preparing a mung bean defoliating agent according to claim 10, wherein the dispersing agent is tween 80.

12. A method of using a mung bean defoliant according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the method of using the mung bean defoliant comprises: when the mung beans are 80-85% of the mature period, the defoliant is used for foliage spraying, and the dosage per mu is 20-25L.

13. The method for preparing a mung bean defoliant according to claim 12, wherein the spraying time is between 15 o 'clock and 19 o' clock.

14. The method for preparing the mung bean defoliant according to claim 12, wherein 10 to 12.5L of the defoliant is applied to each mu of the mung bean defoliant in case of rain within 12 hours after application.