CN113475333B - Method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
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- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting rice by utilizing sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the sugarcane ash which is waste of boiler combustion is mixed with molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and other components according to a certain weight ratio to prepare a base fertilizer and a liquid root-promoting fertilizer, the waste generated after sugarcane is squeezed is fully utilized, organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane are effectively utilized, the root system of the rice can be guided to grow longitudinally under the multiple actions of the base fertilizer and the liquid root-promoting fertilizer, the depth of the root system of the rice is greatly increased, the drought resistance and lodging resistance of the rice are improved, and the problem of soil hardening caused by using a large amount of biochemical fertilizer for additional fertilization can be avoided; spraying a root promoting solution after second intertillage in the jointing stage to promote the root system of the rice to absorb silicon elements and improve the silicon content of rice plants; the urea aqueous solution is applied as the foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, so that the functional period of the leaves can be prolonged, the photosynthesis and the activity of amylase are promoted, the synthesis and the operation of starch are accelerated, and the yield of rice is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a method for planting rice by utilizing sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer.
Background
The ratoon rice is a mode for planting rice, has a long planting history in China, and can be traced back to 1700 years. The method is characterized in that after the rice in one season is mature, only the upper 2/3 part of a rice plant is cut, rice ears are collected, the lower 1/3 plant and root system are left, fertilization and cultivation are carried out, and the rice is grown in one season. When the rice in the first season is mature, some axillary buds are remained after the rice in the first season is harvested, the axillary buds grow and spike again on the basis of the original root system, and the axillary buds are mature again after about 2 months and can be harvested. The grain size of the second season rice is usually smaller than that of the first season rice, but the number of rice ears is larger than that of the first season rice (more than 2 ears are grown at the place where one original rice ear is cut off), so the yield is not low. The total yield of two seasons is usually increased by 50% compared with the yield of rice in one season (the recent data of Yuxi county in Fujian province is that regenerated rice is planted by nearly 10 ten thousand mu each year, the average yield per mu in the first season is 600kg, and the average yield per mu in the regenerated season is 300kg), which has important significance for increasing the yield of grains. The areas suitable for planting the regenerated rice are mainly areas where the sunshine and the heat are not enough to plant two-season rice, but there are many-season rice planted in one season. It is called ratoon rice instead of two-season rice because it grows again on the original root line. Some regions may be seeded with ratoon rice, thereby increasing yield. Statistics shows that the area for planting rice in China is about 2 hundred million acres, and 5000 ten thousand acres of areas are suitable for popularizing ratory rice. At present, the variety is experimented and popularized in many areas of China, such as Sichuan, Fujian and the like. According to the data of the Fujian, the yield of the rice can be increased by 2000 million tons every year in China, and the development of the regenerated rice is an important measure for ensuring the future grain safety in China.
The main problems faced during the planting of ratoon rice are: 1) the fertilizer consumption of the regenerated rice is large, and if a large amount of biochemical fertilizer is used for topdressing, soil hardening can be caused; 2) the lodging resistance of the regenerated rice is weak, so that the yield of the rice harvested at one time is easily reduced, the yield of the rice harvested at the second time is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is low.
At present, common wastes in sugar production by sugarcane comprise bagasse, boiler combustion waste sugarcane ash, molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, sugar mill filter mud and the like, and how to reasonably utilize the wastes produced in sugar production by sugarcane becomes a problem to be solved urgently; aiming at the two situations, the inventor proposes that the boiler combustion waste sugarcane ash and the molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and other components can be mixed according to a certain weight proportion to be made into fertilizer, the waste generated after sugarcane is squeezed is fully utilized, the organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane are effectively utilized, the common waste in sugarcane sugar production is applied to rice planting, and the main problem in the process of rice planting regeneration is practically solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer, which is green and environment-friendly, prevents soil hardening, and improves the lodging resistance and yield of regenerated rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to 25-30 cm; 0.4-0.6 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 200-230 kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of pig manure, 80-100 parts of sugarcane ash, 35-40 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 30-35 parts of bean dregs, 25-30 parts of straw powder and 1-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30-35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5-1.7 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out first intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf stage; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 5-10 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-removed and not buried; applying 400-600 kg of liquid root-promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root-promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the second intertillage rice seedling bed is 15-20 cm, weeds are to be removed, and the roots of the rice plants are earthed up; applying 500-700 kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.3) applying urea while raining in the booting stage, and topdressing 10-14 kg of urea per mu of seedling bed;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in a grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 200-300 kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.5-1.7 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: 5-8 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, and a root promoting liquid is sprayed on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 120-140 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises, by weight, 200-250 parts of biogas slurry, 10-15 parts of silicon oxide, 7-9 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.5-0.8 part of zinc sulfate and 2-3 parts of quicklime;
3) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; the high-position harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, and a rice pile with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground is left for re-germination and ear growing.
Further, in the step (1), weeds in the rice seedling bed are cleaned, and the rice seedling bed is deeply ploughed to a depth of 26-30 cm; 0.5-0.6 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 210-230 kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 55-60 parts of pig manure, 90-100 parts of sugarcane ash, 37-40 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 32-35 parts of bean dregs, 28-30 parts of straw powder and 2-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution.
Further, the preparation method of the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: 1) weighing the raw materials for forming the base fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; 2) putting the mixture into a closed fermentation tank, and sealing and fermenting for 45-50 days at normal temperature to obtain a fermented material; 3) and drying or sun-drying the fermented material to obtain the base fertilizer.
Further, transplanting seedlings with the seedling age of 32 days into the seedling bed in the step (2), wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.6 ten thousand holes per mu.
Further, the liquid root promoting fertilizer in the step (3) comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 250-350 parts of biogas slurry, 15-20 parts of rapeseed cakes, 40-50 parts of tea seed cakes and 3-4 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; the preparation method of the liquid root promoting fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing all raw materials for forming the liquid root promoting fertilizer; 2) and (4) sealing and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the liquid root-promoting fertilizer.
Further, in the step (3), 12kg of urea is applied to each mu of rice field in addition to the urea applied when the rice field is rainy in the booting stage.
Further, applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period in the step (3), wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 250-300 kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.6-1.7 wt%.
Further, spraying a root promoting liquid at the roots of the rice 6-8 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage in the step (3); the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 130-140 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises 210-250 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 12-15 parts by weight of silicon oxide, 8-9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash, 0.6-0.8 part by weight of zinc sulfate and 2.5-3 parts by weight of quick lime.
Further, the step (4) further comprises post-harvest treatment: 4-5 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying a paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice seedling maintaining liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 100-150 kg; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 240-260 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 7-9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash and 2-4 parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
Further, the step (4) further comprises post-harvest treatment: 4-5 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying a paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice stake nursing liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 110-150 kilograms; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 250-260 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 8-9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash and 3-4 parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a method for planting rice by utilizing sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer, which mixes the components of boiler combustion waste sugarcane ash and molasses alcohol fermentation liquor according to a certain weight ratio to prepare base fertilizer and liquid root-promoting fertilizer, fully utilizes the waste generated after sugarcane is squeezed, effectively utilizes organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane, applies the common waste in sugarcane sugar production to rice planting, and the service time of the liquid root-promoting fertilizer is 5-6 leaf stage and jointing stage, under the multiple actions of the base fertilizer and the liquid root-promoting fertilizer, the root system of the rice can be guided to grow longitudinally, the depth of the root system of the rice is greatly increased, the drought resistance and the lodging resistance of the rice are improved, the problem of weak lodging resistance in the planting process of the regenerated rice is solved practically, and the problem of soil hardening caused by using a large amount of biochemical fertilizer for additional fertilization can be avoided; after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, the root promoting liquid is sprayed, so that the root system of the rice is promoted to absorb silicon elements, the silicon content of rice plants is improved, the effect of improving the lodging resistance of the rice is achieved, and the yield and income of the ratooning rice are increased; the urea aqueous solution is applied as the foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, so that the functional period of the leaves can be prolonged, the photosynthesis and the activity of amylase are promoted, the synthesis and the operation of starch are accelerated, and the yield of rice is improved.
The method for planting rice by using the sugarcane ash and the organic fertilizer further comprises post-harvest treatment, and the rice stake nursing liquid is sprayed on the rice stake, so that the rice stake can be effectively promoted to grow again and spike, the rice stake is prevented from being dehydrated and dead, and the yield of rice harvested for the second time can be effectively increased.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The rice seeds used in the following examples are Meixiangzhan No. 2; meixiangzhan No. 2 is developed by rice research and selection of Guangdong province academy of agricultural sciences, has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, lodging resistance, good yield, high rice quality, good stability, high grain price and the like, and is deeply loved by consumers by unique fragrance and high-quality rice quality. Is suitable for planting in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Guangxi, Shaanxi and other places.
The test site is a Wuming district in Nanning City of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi, 22 degrees 59-23 degrees 33 'in northern latitude and 107 degrees 49-108 degrees 37' in east longitude, is positioned at the northern part of the Nanning City, borders the West and southwest with Longan county and Pingguo county, connects the Mashan county in the North and connects the Nano-Nanning city district; the average annual air temperature is 21.7 ℃, the hottest July, the average air temperature is 28.6 ℃, and the extreme highest air temperature is 40.7 ℃; the coldest month of January, the average air temperature is 12.8 ℃; the extreme lowest temperature is-0.8 ℃. The annual rainfall capacity in county is 1100-. But also has disastrous weather such as cold, drought, waterlogging, wind, hail, ice, frost and the like. The area of the selected planting land is 60 mu;
in the following embodiments, the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) weighing the raw materials for forming the base fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; 2) putting the mixture into a closed fermentation tank, and sealing and fermenting for 45-50 days at normal temperature to obtain a fermented material; 3) and drying or sun-drying the fermented material to obtain the base fertilizer.
In the following embodiments, the liquid root-promoting fertilizer in the step (3) comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 250-350 parts of biogas slurry, 15-20 parts of rapeseed cakes, 40-50 parts of tea seed cakes and 3-4 parts of EM probiotic stock solution; the preparation method of the liquid root promoting fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing all raw materials for forming the liquid root promoting fertilizer; 2) and (4) sealing and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the liquid root-promoting fertilizer.
In the following examples, the first cultivation of the rice seedling field without weed-burying means that the weeds in the rice seedling field need to be removed, but the seedlings cannot be buried, and the rice plant roots do not need to be earthed.
In the following examples, the sugarcane ash refers to ash obtained by burning sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane leaves in a boiler of a power plant.
In the following embodiments, the method further comprises a pest control step, wherein pest control is performed according to the actual conditions of the seedling bed, the pest control is mainly performed, and the pest control needs to be performed early and cannot be performed after being damaged.
Example 1
A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to 25 cm; 0.4kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 200kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50 parts of pig manure, 80 parts of sugarcane ash, 35 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 30 parts of bean dregs, 25 parts of straw powder and 1 part of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) and (3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out primary intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf period; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 5 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-killed and are not buried; applying 400kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the intertillage rice seedling bed for the second time is 15 cm, weeds are to be removed, and the rice plant roots are earthed up; 500kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer is applied to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.3) applying urea while raining in the booting stage, and topdressing 10kg of urea per mu of seedling bed;
1.4) applying urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 200kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.5 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: 5 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, a root promoting liquid is sprayed on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 120 kilograms; the root promoting liquid comprises 200 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 10 parts by weight of silicon oxide, 7 parts by weight of sugarcane ash, 0.5 part by weight of zinc sulfate and 2 parts by weight of quicklime;
3) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; the high-position harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, and a rice pile with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground is left for re-germination and ear growing;
(5) and (3) post-harvest treatment: 4 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying the paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice stake maintenance liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 100 kilograms; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 240 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 7 parts by weight of sugarcane ash and 2 parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
Example 2
A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to a depth of 30 cm; 0.6kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 230kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 60 parts of pig manure, 100 parts of sugarcane ash, 40 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 35 parts of bean dregs, 30 parts of straw powder and 3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.7 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out primary intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf period; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 10 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-killed and are not buried; applying 600kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the intertillage rice seedling bed for the second time is 20 cm, weeds are removed, and the rice plant root is earthed up; applying 700kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.3) applying urea while raining in the booting stage, and topdressing 14kg of urea per mu of rice seedling field;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 300kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.7 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: spraying root promoting liquid on the roots of the rice 8 days after the second intertillage in the jointing stage; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 140 kilograms; the root promoting liquid comprises 250 parts of biogas slurry, 15 parts of silicon oxide, 9 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.8 part of zinc sulfate and 3 parts of quicklime by weight;
3) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; high harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, rice stakes with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground are left for sprouting again, and ears are grown;
(5) and (3) post-harvest treatment: 5 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying the paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice stake nursing liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 150 kilograms; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 260 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash and 4 parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
Example 3
A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to a depth of 26 cm; 0.5kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 210kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 55 parts of pig manure, 90 parts of sugarcane ash, 37 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 32 parts of bean dregs, 28 parts of straw powder and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30-35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.6 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out first intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf stage; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 7 cm, and the rice is required to be weeded and the seedlings are not buried; 500kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer is applied to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the intertillage rice seedling bed for the second time is 18 cm, weeds are removed, and the rice plant root is earthed up; applying 600kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.3) applying 12kg of urea in each mu of seedling field while the urea is rain during the booting period;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 250kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.6 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: 6 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, a root promoting liquid is sprayed on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 130 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises 210 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of silicon oxide, 8 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate and 2.5 parts of quicklime by weight;
3) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; the high-position harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, and a rice pile with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground is left for re-germination and ear growing;
(5) and (3) post-harvest treatment: 4 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying the rice stump maintenance liquid on the rice stumps; the application amount of the rice stake nursing liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 110 kilograms; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 250 parts of biogas slurry, 8 parts of sugarcane ash and 3 parts of potassium fulvate in parts by weight.
Example 4
A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to a depth of 26 cm; 0.5kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 210kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 55 parts of pig manure, 90 parts of sugarcane ash, 37 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 32 parts of bean dregs, 28 parts of straw powder and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30-35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.6 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out primary intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf period; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 7 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-killed and are not buried; 500kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer is applied to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the second intertillage rice seedling bed is 18 cm, weeds are to be removed, and the roots of the rice plants are earthed up; applying 600kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.3) applying 12kg of urea in each mu of seedling field while the urea is rain during the booting period;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 250kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.6 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: 6 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, a root promoting liquid is sprayed on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 130 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises 210 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of silicon oxide, 8 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate and 2.5 parts of quicklime by weight;
3) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; the high-position harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, and a rice pile with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground is left for re-germination and ear growing.
Comparative example 1
A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to a depth of 26 cm; 0.5kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 210kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 55 parts of pig manure, 90 parts of sugarcane ash, 37 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 32 parts of bean dregs, 28 parts of straw powder and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30-35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.6 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out primary intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf period; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 7 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-killed and are not buried; 5kg of urea is applied to each mu of seedling field;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the intertillage rice seedling bed for the second time is 18 cm, weeds are removed, and the rice plant root is earthed up; applying 10kg of urea to each mu of rice seedling field;
1.3) applying 12kg of urea for each mu of rice field while the urea is rain during the booting period;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 250kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.6 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: 6 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, a root promoting liquid is sprayed on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 130 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises 210 parts of biogas slurry, 12 parts of silicon oxide, 8 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate and 2.5 parts of quicklime by weight;
3) weeding: removing weeds in the field at proper time;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; high harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, rice stakes with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground are left for sprouting again, and ears are grown;
(5) and (3) post-harvest treatment: 4 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying the paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice stake nursing liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 110 kilograms; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 250 parts of biogas slurry, 8 parts of sugarcane ash and 3 parts of potassium fulvate in parts by weight.
Comparative example 2
A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to a depth of 26 cm; 0.5kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 210kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises 55 parts of pig manure, 90 parts of sugarcane ash, 37 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 32 parts of bean dregs, 28 parts of straw powder and 2 parts of EM probiotic stock solution in parts by weight;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30-35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.6 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out primary intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf period; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 7 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-killed and are not buried; 500kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer is applied to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 18 cm, weeds are to be removed, and the rice plant roots are earthed up; applying 600kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.3) applying 12kg of urea for each mu of rice field while the urea is rain during the booting period;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 250kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.6 wt%;
2) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
3) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; the high-position harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, and a rice pile with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground is left for re-germination and ear growing;
(5) and (3) post-harvest treatment: 4 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying the paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice stake nursing liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 110 kilograms; the rice stump maintenance liquid comprises 250 parts of biogas slurry, 8 parts of sugarcane ash and 3 parts of potassium fulvate in parts by weight.
The parameters of the rice plants in the planting fields of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1 below.
The measuring method comprises the following steps:
(1) rice root length: and randomly taking 30 rice plants for observation and estimation, and taking the average value of the root length of the 30 rice plants.
(2) The silicon content in the rice plant is determined by adopting an infrared spectrophotometry, and attention needs to be paid to the fact that soil and dust on the rice plant must be cleaned up in order to increase the accuracy of the experiment.
TABLE 1
The determination time of the silicon content in the detection items is that when the rice is harvested for the first time, the determination time of the root length is that when the rice is harvested for the second time; according to the observation results, the method for planting the rice by using the sugarcane ash and the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing the sugarcane ash which is a combustion waste of a boiler and molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and the like according to a certain weight ratio to prepare a base fertilizer and a liquid root promoting fertilizer, fully utilizing the waste generated after sugarcane is squeezed, effectively utilizing organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane, applying common waste generated in sugarcane sugar production to rice planting, and enabling the liquid root promoting fertilizer to be used for 5-6 leaf stages and jointing stages, under the multiple actions of the base fertilizer and the liquid root-promoting fertilizer, the root system of the rice can be guided to grow longitudinally, the depth of the root system of the rice is greatly increased, the drought resistance and the lodging resistance of the rice are improved, the problem of weak lodging resistance in the planting process of the regenerated rice is solved practically, and the problem of soil hardening caused by topdressing with a large amount of biochemical fertilizer can be avoided; after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, the root promoting liquid is sprayed, so that the root system of the rice is promoted to absorb silicon elements, the silicon content of rice plants is improved, the effect of improving the lodging resistance of the rice is achieved, and the yield and income increase of the ratoon rice are facilitated; the urea aqueous solution is applied as the foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, so that the functional period of the leaves can be prolonged, the photosynthesis and the activity of amylase are promoted, the synthesis and the operation of starch are accelerated, and the yield of rice is improved; the method also comprises post-harvest treatment, wherein the rice stake is sprayed with the rice stake maintenance liquid, so that the rice stake can be effectively promoted to grow again and spike, the rice stake is prevented from being dehydrated and dead, and the yield of rice harvested for the second time can be effectively increased.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: cleaning weeds in the rice seedling bed, and deeply ploughing the rice seedling bed to 25-30 cm; 0.4-0.6 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 200-230 kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of pig manure, 80-100 parts of sugarcane ash, 35-40 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 30-35 parts of bean dregs, 25-30 parts of straw powder and 1-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution;
(2) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 30-35 days into the seedling bed, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5-1.7 ten thousand holes per mu;
(3) field management:
1) fertilizing:
1.1) carrying out primary intertillage and fertilization in a 5-6 leaf period; the depth of the first intertillage rice seedling bed is 5-10 cm, and the seedlings are required to be weed-removed and not buried; applying 400-600 kg of liquid root-promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root-promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
1.2) cultivating and fertilizing for the second time in the jointing stage; the depth of the intertillage rice seedling bed for the second time is 15-20 cm, weeds are to be removed, and the rice plant root is earthed up; applying 500-700 kg of liquid root promoting fertilizer to each mu of rice seedling field, wherein the liquid root promoting fertilizer is obtained by fermenting molasses alcohol fermentation liquor;
the liquid root promoting fertilizer used in the step 1.1) and the step 1.2) comprises 50-60 parts by weight of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 250-350 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 15-20 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, 40-50 parts by weight of tea seed cakes and 3-4 parts by weight of EM probiotic stock solution; the preparation method of the liquid root promoting fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing all raw materials for forming the liquid root promoting fertilizer; 2) sealing and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the liquid root-promoting fertilizer;
1.3) applying urea while raining in the booting stage, and topdressing 10-14 kg of urea per mu of seedling bed;
1.4) applying a urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in a grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 200-300 kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.5-1.7 wt%;
2) lodging resistance management: 5-8 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage, and a root promoting liquid is sprayed on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 120-140 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises, by weight, 200-250 parts of biogas slurry, 10-15 parts of silicon oxide, 7-9 parts of sugarcane ash, 0.5-0.8 part of zinc sulfate and 2-3 parts of quicklime;
3) weeding: timely removing weeds in the field;
4) watering: the height of water in the seedling bed is kept between 0.5 and 1.8 cm;
(4) harvesting: after the rice is ripe, harvesting the rice at a high position in sunny days, and drying and storing the harvested rice; the high-position harvesting means that only the upper part of a rice plant is harvested, and a rice pile with the top end 8-12 cm from the ground is left for re-germination and ear growing.
2. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), weeds in the seedling bed are cleaned, and the seedling bed is deeply ploughed to a depth of 26-30 cm; 0.5-0.6 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 210-230 kg of base fertilizer are applied to each mu of seedling field; the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 55-60 parts of pig manure, 90-100 parts of sugarcane ash, 37-40 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, 32-35 parts of bean dregs, 28-30 parts of straw powder and 2-3 parts of EM probiotic stock solution.
3. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: 1) weighing the raw materials for forming the base fertilizer according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; 2) putting the mixture into a closed fermentation tank, and sealing and fermenting for 45-50 days at normal temperature to obtain a fermented material; 3) and drying or sun-drying the fermented material to obtain the base fertilizer.
4. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: transplanting the seedlings with the seedling age of 32 days into the seedling bed in the step (2), wherein the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.6 ten thousand holes per mu.
5. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) applying 12kg of urea to each mu of rice field while the urea is rain in the booting stage.
6. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) applying the urea aqueous solution as a foliar fertilizer in the grouting period, wherein the application amount of the urea aqueous solution in each mu of seedling field is 250-300 kg, and the urea content in the urea aqueous solution is 1.6-1.7 wt%.
7. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 6-8 days after the second intertillage is carried out in the jointing stage in the step (3), spraying root promoting liquid on the roots of the rice; the application amount of the root promoting liquid in each mu of seedling field is 130-140 kg; the root promoting liquid comprises 210-250 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 12-15 parts by weight of silicon oxide, 8-9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash, 0.6-0.8 part by weight of zinc sulfate and 2.5-3 parts by weight of quick lime.
8. The method for planting rice by using sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (4) also comprises post-harvest treatment: 4-5 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying a paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice seedling maintaining liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 100-150 kg; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 240-260 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 7-9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash and 2-4 parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
9. The method for planting rice with sugarcane ash and organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (4) further comprises post-harvest treatment: 4-5 days after harvesting the paddy, spraying a paddy pile maintenance liquid on the paddy piles; the application amount of the rice stake nursing liquid in each mu of rice seedling field is 110-150 kilograms; the rice stake maintenance liquid comprises 250-260 parts by weight of biogas slurry, 8-9 parts by weight of sugarcane ash and 3-4 parts by weight of potassium fulvate.
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| CN108450264A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-08-28 | 李永祥 | A kind of implantation methods of rice |
| CN109503290A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-22 | 云南云叶化肥股份有限公司 | It is a kind of using sugar refinery sugarcane boiler carbon ash as soil conditioner of raw material and its preparation method and application |
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