CN113475330A - Method for planting corn in arid and semi-arid regions - Google Patents
Method for planting corn in arid and semi-arid regions Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475330A CN113475330A CN202110783149.1A CN202110783149A CN113475330A CN 113475330 A CN113475330 A CN 113475330A CN 202110783149 A CN202110783149 A CN 202110783149A CN 113475330 A CN113475330 A CN 113475330A
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
A method for planting corn in arid and semi-arid regions relates to a method suitable for planting corn in arid and semi-arid regions and is also suitable for planting corn in saline-alkali arid regions. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the space distribution of corn plants is unreasonable and water and heat resources cannot be fully utilized in the traditional 65cm single-ridge planting mode in arid and semiarid regions and the saline-alkaline-arid obstacle problem in the saline-alkaline arid land corn planting. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, soil preparation; secondly, manufacturing large ridges with the width of 98 cm; thirdly, burying a drip irrigation pipe at the central line position of the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the buried depth of the drip irrigation pipe is 3-5 cm; and fourthly, planting 2 rows of corns on the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the distance between the corns is 45 cm. The method can resist drought, preserve soil moisture, increase planting density, regulate and control canopy distribution, accurately fertilize and irrigate, and relieve saline-alkali barrier to promote yield increase. The invention belongs to the field of corn planting.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a planting method suitable for corn in arid and semiarid regions, and is also suitable for saline-alkali arid regions.
Background
The grain safety is the first major thing of China, China is a drought and water-deficient country, the dry land area accounts for 70% of the land area of China, and the stability of dry land grain production is related to the grain safety of China. Corn is one of three grain crops in China, large-area planting is carried out in arid and semiarid regions, and the improvement of the unit yield of the corn in the arid regions is an important way for guaranteeing the grain safety.
Research shows that increasing the planting density of corn affects the productivity of corn plants to a certain extent, and reduces the grain number per ear and the thousand seed weight. However, studies have also shown that yield loss due to increased density can be mitigated by optimizing field configuration and constructing appropriate population canopy distributions. The corn yield of the low-yield dry field in arid and semiarid regions is 6-8 tons/hectare, the spatial distribution of corn plants is unreasonable under the traditional 65cm single-ridge planting mode, water and heat resources cannot be fully utilized, the planting density also improves the space, and the field configuration also has room for improvement. Shallow-buried drip irrigation can not only be used for precise fertilization and irrigation, but also can relieve the saline-alkali barrier of micro-domains, thereby realizing the yield increase of the corns in the saline-alkali dry land.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of corns in arid and semiarid lands, aiming at solving the technical problems that the space distribution of corn plants is unreasonable and water and heat resources are not fully utilized in the traditional 65cm single-ridge planting mode in the arid and semiarid lands and the saline-alkaline-arid obstacle problem existing in the planting of the corns in the saline-alkaline arid lands.
The method for planting the corns in the arid and semiarid regions (including the saline-alkali arid lands) comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation;
secondly, manufacturing large ridges with the width of 98 cm;
thirdly, burying a drip irrigation pipe at the central line position of the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the buried depth of the drip irrigation pipe is 3-5 cm;
and fourthly, planting 2 rows of corns on the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the distance between the corns is 45 cm.
In the step one, a conventional soil turning, rotating and ridge combining integrated machine is adopted, and soil preparation is carried out according to a conventional 65cm single-ridge farming mode.
And step two, manufacturing 98 cm large ridges by using the customized rotary cultivator, wherein the distance between wheels of the customized rotary cultivator is 196 cm, 1 ploughshare is arranged in the middle of the rear bar, the ploughshares break the conventional 65cm single ridges from the middle during operation, the conventional 65cm single ridges are combined with the 65cm single ridges on the two sides of the conventional 65cm single ridges into two 98 cm large ridges, namely 3 conventional single ridges are combined into 2 large ridges, and 4 rows of corns are planted.
And step two, adopting a customized rotary cultivator to bury the drip irrigation pipe, installing a shallow drip irrigation rack in the middle of a rear bar of the customized rotary cultivator with the wheel spacing of 98 cm, placing the drip irrigation belt above the rack, arranging a furrow opener below the rack, ditching the shallow drip irrigation pipe, covering soil while ditching the shallow drip irrigation pipe, and burying the drip irrigation pipe in the soil with the depth of 3-5 cm and at the central line position of a large ridge with the depth of 98 cm.
And in the second step, a customized 98 cm large-ridge double-row sowing and fertilizing all-in-one machine is adopted for sowing and fertilizing.
The invention uses a customized rotary cultivator to break a single ridge with the length of 65cm from the middle, and combines the single ridge with the length of 65cm at the two sides into two large ridges with the length of 98 cm, namely 3 conventional single ridges are combined into 2 large ridges for planting 4 rows of corns. And (3) mounting shallow-buried drip irrigation equipment in the middle of the customized vehicle rear bar, ditching a shallow-buried drip irrigation pipe in the middle of a large ridge with the height of 98 cm, and covering soil while the shallow-buried drip irrigation pipe is buried by 3-5 cm. Sowing and fertilizing are carried out by a customized 98 cm large-ridge double-row sowing and fertilizing all-in-one machine, and the distance between corns is 45 cm.
The invention shallowly buries the drip irrigation belt in the middle of the large ridge to ensure that the moisture is accurately dripped near the root system of each corn plant. By increasing the planting density, the problem of limitation of saline-alkali and water is solved, water, heat and soil resources in arid and semi-arid regions are fully utilized, multiple times of water and fertilizer integrated topdressing are performed in the growth period of the corn, the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer is improved, and the yield and income of the corn are increased. The method can resist drought, preserve soil moisture, increase planting density, regulate and control canopy distribution, accurately fertilize and irrigate, and relieve saline-alkali barrier to promote yield increase. According to the method, the traditional 3 single ridges with the length of 65cm are changed into 2 large ridges with the length of 98 cm for planting 4 rows of corns, the planting density of the corns is improved by 33.3%, the population canopy distribution is proper, and meanwhile, the large-ridge double-row planting has the drought resisting and soil moisture preserving effects. In semiarid regions in the west of Jilin, the large-ridge double-row planting mode is adopted, and the corn yield is improved by 10-15% compared with that of the traditional 65cm single-ridge cultivation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of a conventional 65cm single ridge with the method of the present invention showing a drip tape;
representing a 98 cm large ridge;
representing a 65cm single ridge;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a field integrated with the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second step of manufacturing large ridges with width of 98 cm;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a step three of burying a drip irrigation pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a drip irrigation of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a photograph of the planting effect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for planting the corns in the arid and semiarid regions comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation;
secondly, manufacturing large ridges with the width of 98 cm;
thirdly, burying a drip irrigation pipe at the central line position of the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the buried depth of the drip irrigation pipe is 3-5 cm;
fourthly, planting 2 rows of corns on a large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent corns is 45 cm
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the first step, a conventional soil turning, soil rotating and ridge combining integrated machine is adopted, and soil preparation is carried out according to a conventional 65cm single-ridge farming mode. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the second embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that in the second step, a customized rotary cultivator is adopted to manufacture large ridges with the length of 98 cm, the wheel distance of the customized rotary cultivator is 196 cm, 1 plough share is arranged in the middle of a rear bar, during operation, the plough share breaks a conventional 65cm single ridge from the middle, two large ridges with the length of 98 cm are respectively combined with the 65cm single ridges on the two sides of the plough share, namely 3 conventional single ridges are combined into 2 large ridges, and 4 rows of corns are planted. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the third embodiment is that the customized rotary cultivator is adopted to bury the drip irrigation pipe in the second step, a shallow drip irrigation rack is arranged in the middle of a rear bar of the customized rotary cultivator with the wheel spacing of 98 cm, the drip irrigation belt is placed above the rack, a furrow opener is arranged below the rack, the furrow opening and the shallow drip irrigation pipe are dug while soil is covered, and the drip irrigation pipe is buried in the soil with the depth of 3-5 cm and is buried in the central line position of a large ridge with the depth of 98 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the fourth embodiments is that in the second step, a customized 98 cm large-ridge double-row seeding and fertilizing all-in-one machine is used for seeding and fertilizing. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experiment one:
the experiment is carried out at an ecological research station of tender grass land of Jilin pine in the waist well town of ChangLin county, Songyuan city, Jilin province.
The planting method of the corn comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation;
secondly, manufacturing large ridges with the width of 98 cm;
thirdly, burying a drip irrigation pipe at the central line position of the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the buried depth of the drip irrigation pipe is 3-5 cm;
and fourthly, planting 2 rows of corns on the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the distance between the corns is 45 cm.
In the step one, a conventional soil turning, rotating and ridge combining integrated machine is adopted, and soil preparation is carried out according to a conventional 65cm single-ridge farming mode.
And step two, manufacturing 98 cm large ridges by using the customized rotary cultivator, wherein the distance between wheels of the customized rotary cultivator is 196 cm, 1 ploughshare is arranged in the middle of the rear bar, the ploughshares break the conventional 65cm single ridges from the middle during operation, the conventional 65cm single ridges are combined with the 65cm single ridges on the two sides of the conventional 65cm single ridges into two 98 cm large ridges, namely 3 conventional single ridges are combined into 2 large ridges, and 4 rows of corns are planted.
And step two, adopting a customized rotary cultivator to bury the drip irrigation pipe, installing a shallow drip irrigation rack in the middle of a rear bar of the customized rotary cultivator with the wheel spacing of 98 cm, placing the drip irrigation belt above the rack, arranging a furrow opener below the rack, ditching the shallow drip irrigation pipe, covering soil while ditching the shallow drip irrigation pipe, and burying the drip irrigation pipe in the soil with the depth of 3-5 cm and at the central line position of a large ridge with the depth of 98 cm.
And in the second step, a customized 98 cm large-ridge double-row sowing and fertilizing all-in-one machine is adopted for sowing and fertilizing.
According to the experiment, the traditional 3 single ridges with the length of 65cm are changed into 2 large ridges with the length of 98 cm for planting 4 rows of corns, the planting density of the corns is improved by 33.3%, the population canopy distribution is proper, and meanwhile, the large-ridge double-row planting has the drought resisting and soil moisture preserving effects. In semiarid regions in the west of Jilin, the large-ridge double-row planting mode is adopted, and the corn yield is improved by 10-15% compared with that of the traditional 65cm single-ridge cultivation.
Claims (5)
1. The method for planting the corns in the arid and semi-arid regions is characterized in that the method for planting the corns in the arid and semi-arid regions, including the saline-alkali arid regions, is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation;
secondly, manufacturing large ridges with the width of 98 cm;
thirdly, burying a drip irrigation pipe at the central line position of the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the buried depth of the drip irrigation pipe is 3-5 cm;
and fourthly, planting 2 rows of corns on the large ridge with the width of 98 cm, wherein the distance between the corns is 45 cm.
2. The planting method of the corns in the arid and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein a conventional soil turning, soil rotating and ridge combining integrated machine is adopted in the step one, and soil preparation is carried out according to a conventional 65cm single-ridge farming mode.
3. The method for planting corns in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, a customized rotary cultivator is adopted to manufacture 98 cm large ridges, the wheel spacing of the customized rotary cultivator is 196 cm, 1 ploughshare is arranged in the middle of the rear bar, during operation, the ploughshares break a conventional 65cm single ridge from the middle, and respectively combine two 98 cm large ridges with the 65cm single ridges on the two sides, namely, combine 3 conventional single ridges into 2 large ridges, and plant 4 rows of corns.
4. The method for planting corns in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the customized rotary cultivator is adopted to bury the drip irrigation pipes, a shallow drip irrigation rack is arranged in the middle of a rear bar of the customized rotary cultivator with the wheel spacing of 98 cm, the drip irrigation belt is placed above the rack, a furrow opener is arranged below the rack, soil is covered while the shallow drip irrigation pipes are ditched, and the drip irrigation pipes are buried in the soil with the depth of 3-5 cm and are buried in the central line position of 98 cm large ridges.
5. The method for planting corns in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, seeding and fertilizing are carried out by using a customized 98 cm large-ridge double-row seeding and fertilizing all-in-one machine.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110783149.1A CN113475330A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Method for planting corn in arid and semi-arid regions |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110783149.1A CN113475330A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Method for planting corn in arid and semi-arid regions |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101385429A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2009-03-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Large-ridge cultivation method for planting corn |
| CN102742445A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 高荣 | Two-line synchronous corn-culturing method with wide-narrow hill spacings at ridge sides |
| CN103609322A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-05 | 吉林省科技评估有限责任公司 | Cultivation method capable of enhancing corn yield |
| CN105660111A (en) * | 2016-01-16 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield cultivating method for corn in dry-farming area of northern cold region |
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- 2021-07-12 CN CN202110783149.1A patent/CN113475330A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101385429A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2009-03-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Large-ridge cultivation method for planting corn |
| CN102742445A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 高荣 | Two-line synchronous corn-culturing method with wide-narrow hill spacings at ridge sides |
| CN103609322A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-05 | 吉林省科技评估有限责任公司 | Cultivation method capable of enhancing corn yield |
| CN105660111A (en) * | 2016-01-16 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield cultivating method for corn in dry-farming area of northern cold region |
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Application publication date: 20211008 |