CN113455307A - Vegetation greening method - Google Patents
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- CN113455307A CN113455307A CN202110845142.8A CN202110845142A CN113455307A CN 113455307 A CN113455307 A CN 113455307A CN 202110845142 A CN202110845142 A CN 202110845142A CN 113455307 A CN113455307 A CN 113455307A
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(benzenesulfonyl)ethyl]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-1h-indole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CC(C1=C2)=CNC1=CC=C2CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a vegetation greening method, which comprises the following steps: s1, providing and mixing the seeds of the short-lived plants and the seeds of the proper plants, wherein the proportion of the seeds of the short-lived plants is 5-30%; s2, sowing the mixed seeds in the area to be sowed according to a preset density; s3, laying non-woven fabrics in the sowed area; s4, selecting the time between 2/5 and 2/3 of the growing season of the planted proper plants or before the flowering period of the main short-lived plants, and removing the laid non-woven fabrics. The short-lived plants can grow rapidly under favorable conditions, shade protection at the seedling stage can be provided for long-term green-recovering plants sowed at the same stage, and the quality and efficiency of green-recovering engineering in a high and cold disturbance area are improved; the short-lived plants can play a role of pioneer plants, and adverse soil structures and textures in disturbed areas are improved through root system decomposition and/or field returning of organisms on the ground, so that good conditions are created for long-term stable growth of main annual or perennial greening plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological greening, in particular to a vegetation greening method.
Background
The vegetation growth in the cold region with short growing season is influenced by low temperature, low oxygen, short growing period and the like, the ecology is very fragile, and the damaged ecological vegetation is difficult to recover after disturbance. The vegetation in the cold region disturbance area formed by activities such as mining and road construction (including the natural degradation vegetation recovery in cold regions) is usually greened by adopting a grass seed sowing mode, but the problems of relatively good short-term greenness restoration effect and serious long-term degradation are usually caused by insufficient maintenance and protection in the seedling stage.
Therefore, in the related art, the vegetation greening method in the cold region disturbance area has the problems of low survival rate and poor greening effect.
Moreover, in the case of general herbaceous plants, the early growth is slow, resulting in a problem of poor early greening effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:
the short-lived plants, also called short vegetative plants and short-lived plants, mainly grow in arid regions, grow and develop by utilizing soil humidity and certain temperature conditions provided by rainwater and melted snow water in early spring, rapidly complete life cycle in about 2 months short before dry and hot seasons in summer, then complete the life cycle by drying out the whole plants or parts on the ground, and live out the seasons unfavorable for plant growth by dormancy of seeds or underground organs, and form new individuals by the seeds or the underground organs in the coming spring, wherein the plants comprise two types of short-lived plants in one year and short-lived plants in multiple years. The water condition formed by melting ice and snow in the alpine region, the temperature condition in the transient growing season and the bare land and low-coverage space state condition in the disturbed region can create basic conditions for introducing and using short-lived plants, and can utilize the initial growth of the short-lived plants to play the roles of the pioneer plants in quickly greening and covering short-term ground vegetation and improving soil properties.
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vegetation greening method, including:
s1, providing and mixing the seeds of the short-lived plants and the seeds of the proper plants, wherein the proportion of the seeds of the short-lived plants is 5-30%;
s2, sowing the mixed seeds in the area to be sowed according to a preset density;
s3, laying non-woven fabrics in the sowed area;
s4, removing the laid non-woven fabric between 2/5-2/3 hours of the growing season of the planted proper plants or before the flowering period of the main short-lived plants.
The vegetation greening method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: (1) the short-lived plants can naturally complete a complete life cycle under the low coverage of perennial vegetation in the initial bare land and short term of the alpine disturbance area, and play a role in improving the vegetation coverage of the disturbance area for many years under the self-propagation-expanding condition; (2) the short-lived plants can grow rapidly under favorable conditions, shade protection at the seedling stage can be provided for long-term green-recovering plants sowed at the same stage, and the quality and efficiency of green-recovering engineering in a high and cold disturbance area are improved; (3) the short-lived plants (especially leguminous short-lived plants) can play a pioneer plant role, improve the unfavorable soil structure and texture in disturbed areas through root system decomposition and/or returning of overground organisms to the fields, and create good conditions for long-term stable growth of main annual or perennial greening plants.
Optionally, the provided seeds of the plant of the short-lived species comprise one or more seeds of cuscuta chinensis, nigella sativa, ryegrass, lemongrass, and trigonella foenum graecum.
Optionally, the method for obtaining the seeds of the short-lived plants is a method for timely collecting the seeds of the short-lived plants in the wild and/or artificially cultivating, expanding, propagating and picking the seeds.
Optionally, before sowing, soil dressing or undisturbed soil improvement is performed on the soil of the area to be sown.
Optionally, artificial irrigation is performed for 2-3 times after the non-woven fabric is laid.
Optionally, the laid non-woven fabric is a white non-woven fabric or a green non-woven fabric.
Optionally, the non-woven fabric is made of degradable pollution-free materials;
the weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric is 15-40g/m2。
Optionally, the irrigation maintenance is performed 1-2 times before removing the laid non-woven fabric, and within 7 days after removing the laid non-woven fabric, the method further comprises: and S5, spraying a dwarf regulator.
Optionally, the mepiquat chloride regulator comprises chlormequat chloride or paclobutrazol; the concentration is 20-50mg/L, and the dosage is 1-2L/m2。
Optionally, the concentration of the dwarf regulator is 30-40mg/L, and the dosage is 1.5-2L/m2。
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a vegetation greening method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment provides a vegetation greening method, which is mainly suitable for cold regions and disturbance regions with short growing seasons, wherein the cold regions with short growing seasons refer to high-latitude and high-altitude climate cold regions with the duration from green turning to withering and yellow being within 4 months. The disturbance area comprises a mining exploitation area, a traffic construction area and the like. The environment in these areas is relatively harsh and presents a number of disadvantages for the growth of vegetation. Therefore, the embodiment provides a method for regreening herbaceous vegetation, so as to improve the current-year survival rate and biomass of regreening herbaceous plants in a cold region disturbance area with short growing season, the green returning rate and the tiller percentage in the next year, and improve the regreening engineering effect in the cold region regreening area; the long-term natural propagation growth of the greening vegetation in the cold area disturbance area is realized, so that the greening engineering of the vegetation in the cold area is long-lasting.
Referring to fig. 1, the vegetation greening method of the present embodiment includes:
s1, providing and mixing the seeds of the short-lived plants and the seeds of the proper plants, wherein the proportion of the seeds of the short-lived plants is 5-30%; herein, the properly growing herbaceous plant means herbaceous plants properly growing, and thus, the herbaceous plant selected may be different for different regions.
S2, sowing the mixed seeds in the area to be sowed according to a preset density;
s3, laying non-woven fabrics in the sowed area;
s4, removing the laid non-woven fabric between 2/5-2/3 hours of the growing season of the planted proper plants or before the flowering period of the main short-lived plants. The main short plants are short plants with a proportion of more than 70% of all short plants, or the first three short plants with the highest proportion.
Specifically, the time for removing the laid nonwoven fabric may be selected to be the earlier of the two times, for example, if the flowering season of the main short-lived plants comes first, the laid nonwoven fabric may be removed, and if the time for planting the appropriate suitable plants comes first in the growing season of 2/5-2/3, the laid nonwoven fabric may be removed.
In the embodiment, the short-lived plants can naturally complete the complete life cycle under the low coverage of perennial vegetation in the initial bare land and short term of the alpine disturbance area, and play a role in improving the vegetation coverage rate of the disturbance area for many years under the self-propagation-expanding condition; furthermore, the short-lived plants can grow rapidly under favorable conditions, shade protection at the seedling stage can be provided for long-term green-recovering plants sowed at the same stage, and the quality and efficiency of green-recovering engineering in a high and cold disturbance area are improved; furthermore, the short-lived plants (especially the leguminous short-lived plants) can play a pioneer plant role, and adverse soil structures and textures in disturbed areas are improved through root system decomposition and/or field returning of organisms on the ground, so that good conditions are created for long-term stable growth of main annual or perennial green-recovering plants.
Furthermore, because the non-woven fabrics laid have the problem that the non-woven fabrics cannot be completely transparent, after the plants grow, the received light rays are influenced to a certain extent, so that the growth of the plants is influenced, and the normal photosynthesis process of the re-greening plants is influenced (namely, the growth of the re-greening plants in the non-woven fabrics covering period is inhibited). The inventor finds that the effect of the non-woven fabric covering on the growth of the herbaceous vegetation is small for the herbaceous vegetation in the non-cold area, but the effect on the growth of the herbaceous vegetation in the cold area and the disturbed area with short growing season is large, so the embodiment adopts the scheme of uncovering the laid non-woven fabric in the growing season of the proper herbaceous plant (namely, the non-woven fabric uncovering scheme periodically), on one hand, the non-woven fabric can play a role in improving the germination rate and the survival rate in the early stage, and the role in the later stage of the herbaceous plant growth is gradually reduced, so the problem of photosynthesis inhibition caused by the non-woven fabric can be reduced after the laid non-woven fabric is uncovered in the growing season of the proper herbaceous plant. Therefore, the herbaceous plants in the current year grow more vigorously and the root systems are developed, and the full growth of the underground root systems in the early stage has important influence on the growth stability in the later stage (the next year).
The time for removing the non-woven fabric is selected to remove the non-woven fabric covered at 2/5-2/3 of the growing season of the plant, the growth of the proper herbaceous plant has larger requirements on heat preservation and moisture preservation before 2/5 of the growing season of the proper herbaceous plant, if the non-woven fabric is removed, a certain amount of the proper herbaceous plant can die, and after 2/3 of the growing season of the proper herbaceous plant, the annual growth of the proper herbaceous plant enters the later stage, the sufficient photosynthesis growth time is limited, and the self biomass and nutrient accumulation is not facilitated.
In summary, the non-woven fabric covered by the method is uncovered when 2/5-2/3 of the growing season of the suitable herbaceous plant is selected, so that the growing condition of the suitable herbaceous plant is obviously improved, the root growth state and the vigorous degree of the suitable herbaceous plant are greatly improved, the survival rate and the biomass of the suitable herbaceous plant in the current year and the green returning rate and the sprouting rate of the suitable herbaceous plant in the next year are improved, the long-term natural propagation growth of the re-green vegetation in the cold region disturbance area is realized, the re-green engineering of the cold region vegetation is long-lasting, and the re-green engineering effect of the cold region re-green area is improved.
In one embodiment, the provided seeds of the short-lived plants include one or more of seeds of semen cuscutae, seeds of rough grass, seeds of ryegrass, seeds of cress, and seeds of trigonostema foenum graecum. The plant of Leguminosae family such as Trigonella foenum graecum can be preferably used.
In one embodiment, the mode of obtaining the short-lived plant seeds is a mode of timely collecting the short-lived plant seeds in the wild and/or artificially cultivating, expanding and breeding the seeds. The seed source supply problem can be solved through diversified seed acquisition modes.
Wherein, the seeds can be sown after the local surface soil is unfrozen, and the seeds are suitable to be early and not suitable to be late. The conditioned area can be used for improving foreign soil or undisturbed soil of the area to be sown; for example, prior to sowing, soil in the area to be sown is improved by dressing or improving undisturbed soil, thereby increasing the nutrient content in the soil.
In one embodiment, artificial irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times after the non-woven fabric is laid, and early growth and germination of plants are promoted.
In one embodiment, the laid nonwoven fabric is a white nonwoven fabric or a green nonwoven fabric. Wherein, the green non-woven fabric cover can form the early green landscape effect while playing the role of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation; the non-woven fabric is prepared from degradable materials. The white non-woven fabric is selected to improve the light transmittance, so that the photosynthesis effect of the grassy plants is improved.
In an example, the weight per unit area of the nonwoven fabric is 15 to 40g/m2. The drier and cold regions have larger unit area weight of the non-woven fabric, thereby improving the heat preservation effect and the moisture preservation effect.
In one embodiment, the irrigation curing is performed 1-2 times before removing the laid nonwoven fabric, and within 7 days after removing the laid nonwoven fabric, the method further comprises: and S5, spraying a dwarf regulator. By spraying the dwarf regulator, the growth of plants (particularly the growth of underground roots) is facilitated, the stress resistance of the greening plants is improved, the survival rate is further improved, and the ecological stability is enhanced.
In one embodiment, the chlormequat modulator is comprised of chlormequat chloride or paclobutrazol; the concentration of the regulator is 20-50mg/L, and the dosage is 1-2L/m2。
For example, the concentration of the short-stature regulator can be 30-40mg/L, and the dosage is 1.5-2L/m2。
In one embodiment, in the S3, the covered non-woven fabric is uncovered at 1/2-3/5 of the growing season of the grassy plant.
This embodiment mode further provides the following specific examples.
(1) Collecting seeds of two short-lived plants, namely, the Oriental ryegrass and the curdlan in the wild in arid desert and barren mountain areas in about 5 months;
(2) mixing the collected brachypodium seeds with common green plants in high-cold disturbance areas such as elymus, poa pratensis, fescue and the like, wherein the proportion of the brachypodium seeds is about 5%;
(3) in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, soil improvement is carried out in a mode of applying organic fertilizer to the alpine disturbance area of the vegetation to be restored;
(4) sowing mixed seeds in the high and cold disturbance area at the bottom of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months;
(5) covering the ground surface by using white non-woven fabrics;
(6) after covering the non-woven fabric, carrying out artificial irrigation for 2 times to promote the early growth and germination of plants;
(7) and removing the non-woven fabrics in the middle ten days of 7 months to realize the natural growth of the greening sown plants.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vegetation greening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, providing and mixing the seeds of the short-lived plants and the seeds of the proper plants, wherein the proportion of the seeds of the short-lived plants is 5-30%;
s2, sowing the mixed seeds in the area to be sowed according to a preset density;
s3, laying non-woven fabrics in the sowed area;
s4, selecting the time between 2/5 and 2/3 of the growing season of the planted proper plants or before the flowering period of the main short-lived plants, and removing the laid non-woven fabrics.
2. A method of restoring vegetation as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seeds of the short-lived plants provided include one or more of seeds of cuscuta chinensis, seeds of setaria italica, seeds of ryegrass orientalis, seeds of striga asiatica, and seeds of trigonostema foenum graecum.
3. A vegetation re-greening method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the short-lived plant seeds are obtained by timely field collection of short-lived plant seeds and/or artificial cultivation for expanding the seeds.
4. A method of restoring vegetation according to claim 1 wherein the soil in the area to be sown is amended with additional or undisturbed soil prior to sowing.
5. A method of recovering vegetation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric is laid and then artificially irrigated 2 to 3 times.
6. A method of recovering vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the laid nonwoven fabric is a white nonwoven fabric or a green nonwoven fabric.
7. A method of revegetation as claimed in claim 6, wherein the non-woven fabric is made of degradable non-polluting material;
the weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric is 15-40g/m2。
8. A method of recovering vegetation from its green color as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation is performed 1-2 times before removing the laid non-woven fabric, and the method further comprises, within 7 days after removing the laid non-woven fabric:
and S5, spraying a dwarf regulator.
9. A method of restoring vegetation according to claim 8 wherein the mepiquat chloride modulator comprises chlormequat chloride or paclobutrazol; the concentration is 20-50mg/L, and the dosage is 1-2L/m2。
10. A method of greening vegetation as claimed in claim 9, wherein the concentration of the regulator is 30-40mg/L and the amount is 1.5-2L/m2。
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