CN113446006B - Open stope mining method for steep vein-like ore body - Google Patents

Open stope mining method for steep vein-like ore body Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113446006B
CN113446006B CN202110851083.5A CN202110851083A CN113446006B CN 113446006 B CN113446006 B CN 113446006B CN 202110851083 A CN202110851083 A CN 202110851083A CN 113446006 B CN113446006 B CN 113446006B
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stope
rock drilling
mining
ore
standard well
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CN113446006A (en
Inventor
叶光祥
李春
张树标
谢世勇
曾凡珍
苑栋
钟健民
杨勇
李健
聂亚林
钟婷
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Ganzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute Co ltd
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Ganzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute Co ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/132109 priority patent/WO2023005072A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/14Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D3/00Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for mining a steep vein-shaped ore body in an empty stope, wherein a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, a plurality of rock drilling roadways are arranged, the plurality of rock drilling roadways are arranged in parallel along veins at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the stope, a mining standard well is arranged in the middle of the stope, the widths of the rock drilling roadway and the mining standard well are consistent with the mining width of the stope, and a top column and a middle column are reserved in the stope; and the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well are used as blasting free surfaces, so that multi-free surface blasting of ore bodies in the ore room is realized, and the whole area is caving. By adopting the mining method, the mining operation is carried out in the rock drilling tunnel, the stability of the rock drilling tunnel is good, the safety and the reliability are realized, the damage caused by falling of surrounding rock caving of a stope can be avoided, the operation environment is improved, and the operation safety coefficient is improved; the invention uses the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as the blasting free surfaces, the whole multi-free surface blasting area is burst, the whole stope is blasted once, and the production capacity of the stope is greatly improved.

Description

Open stope mining method for steep vein-like ore body
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining of steep-dip ore bodies, in particular to a method for mining a hollow field of steep-dip vein-shaped ore bodies.
Background
The steeply inclined thin ore body is the ore body with the inclination angle larger than 55 degrees and the thickness between 0.8 and 4 m. The ore deposit has a certain proportion in black, colored, chemical and gold mines, and tungsten, tin and gold mines are used in most cases. At present, the shallow hole ore retention method is one of the main mining methods for mining such ore veins in China. According to statistics, the proportion of the shallow hole ore retention method used in the exploitation method of tungsten mine and gold mine is up to more than 70%, and the proportion of the nonferrous metal underground mine is up to 38%.
The stoping process of the shallow hole ore retention method comprises the following steps:
the stope is arranged along the trend direction of the ore body, the length is 40-60m, the width of the inter-pillar is 2-6m, the thickness of the top pillar is 2-3 m, and the height of the bottom pillar is 4-6 m.
The mining and aligning work mainly comprises a driving stage transportation roadway, a leading courtyard, a bottom pulling roadway, a funnel neck and the like;
the cutting work is simpler, the bottom pulling roadway is used as a free surface, and a bottom pulling space and a leakage are formed.
Stope of the ore room mainly includes: rock drilling, blasting, ventilation, partial ore drawing, top-prying flat field, large ore drawing and the like.
By adopting the shallow hole ore retention method, the mechanical degree of rock drilling, charging and crushing is low in the whole stoping process, so that the labor intensity is high, workers directly operate under the exposed surface of the blasted ore, ore bodies and roof surrounding rock spalling edges fall down, and the operation safety coefficient is low; in addition, the production capacity of the mining method is often dependent on the capacities of rock drilling equipment and ore removal equipment, the shallow hole ore retention method generally adopts a hand-held rock drill for rock drilling, dead weight or rake ore removal, and the production capacity of a single stope is limited, generally only 40-60 t/d.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the mining operation safety coefficient of the steeply inclined thin ore body by adopting the shallow hole ore retention method is low and the production capacity of the stope is low in the prior art becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for mining a steep-inclined pulse-shaped ore body in an empty stope, which solves the problems in the prior art and improves the production capacity and the operation safety coefficient of the stope.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a space mining method of a steep vein-shaped ore body, which comprises the steps of arranging a stope along the trend of the ore body, arranging a plurality of rock drilling tunnels in parallel along veins at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the stope, arranging a mining standard well in the middle of the stope, wherein the widths of the rock drilling tunnels and the mining standard well are consistent with the mining width of the stope, and reserving a top column and a middle column in the stope; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as blasting free surfaces, and caving the ore rock in the ore room area at one time.
Preferably, the method for open stoping of the steep vein-like ore body comprises the following steps:
step one, an extra-pulse conveying roadway is formed along the trend of an ore body;
step two, arranging a plurality of ore loading machine paths along the direction perpendicular to the extra-pulse conveying roadway; along the trend of the ore body, the bottom of the stope is provided with the rock drilling tunnel which is communicated with the ore loading machine;
step three, the mining standard well is arranged in the middle of the rock drilling roadway, and an extravenous pedestrian equipment well is arranged in the direction of the extravenous transportation roadway away from the ore body;
setting a plurality of connecting channels in the vertical direction of the stope, wherein the outsider equipment well is communicated with the mining standard well by using the connecting channels; constructing the rest rock drilling tunnels along the trend of the ore body along with the veins, wherein the rest rock drilling tunnels are level with the connecting tunnels;
step five, constructing blast holes in the rock drilling tunnel, wherein the blast holes are deep holes, and the blast holes do not uncover other projects;
step six, charging the powder in the blast holes, carrying out differential detonation from the middle position of the stope to two ends, wherein the same rock drilling tunnel takes the mining standard well as the center, two detonator sections are symmetrically arranged respectively, detonator sections among different rock drilling tunnels are arranged identically respectively, blasting takes the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as free surfaces, and the stope is caving once;
and seventhly, after blasting is finished, carrying out ore drawing operation on the ore loading machine path, and supporting and self-stabilizing an empty site by using ore pillars.
Preferably, the stope is 40-60m long, the width of the spacing column is 2-6m, and the thickness of the top column is 3-5m.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the blast hole includes a parallel inclined hole and a fan-shaped hole, the parallel inclined hole is inclined from bottom to top toward a direction close to the mining well, the fan-shaped hole is located at one side close to the stud, a distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the rock drilling tunnel or the jack-up pillar is 30-50cm, and a distance between the blast hole and a boundary of the stope is 10-30cm.
Preferably, the included angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, and each row of at least two blast holes.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the blast holes are quincuncial or parallel blast holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: according to the open stope mining method of the steep vein-shaped ore body, a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, a plurality of rock drilling roadways are arranged along veins in an equidistant and parallel manner in the vertical direction of the stope, a mining standard well is arranged in the middle of the stope, the widths of the rock drilling roadway and the mining standard well are consistent with the mining width of the stope, and a prop and a stud are reserved in the stope; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as blasting free surfaces, and caving the ore body in the blasting area.
The stoping in the prior art is carried out on loose ore piles after partial ore drawing, the ore caving height is 1.8-2m each time, the face of the working in the air is easily collapsed due to the destruction of blasting operation, the operation cycle is more, and the operation risk is high. By adopting the open stope mining method of the steep vein-shaped ore body, the mining operation is carried out in the rock drilling tunnel, the stability of the rock drilling tunnel is good, the method is safe and reliable, the falling accidents of surrounding rock slice walls can be avoided, the operation environment is improved, and the operation safety coefficient is improved; the invention uses the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as the blasting free surfaces, the whole blasting area with multiple free surfaces is caving, a large amount of ores are drawn at one time, and the production capacity of the stope is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a method of open stope mining of a steeply inclined vein-like ore body of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of FIG. 1 taken along the line A-A;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of fig. 1 taken along the direction B-B.
Wherein, 1 is vein external transportation gallery, 2 is ore loading machine way, 3 is rock drilling gallery, 4 is accurate well, 5 is vein external pedestrian equipment well, 6 is communication channel, 7 is jack-up, 8 is blast hole, 9 is stud, 10 is ore vein, 11 is country rock.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for mining a steep-inclined pulse-shaped ore body in an empty stope, which solves the problems in the prior art and improves the production capacity and the operation safety coefficient of the stope.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for open stoping a steeply inclined vein-like ore body according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a section along A-A in fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a section along B-B in fig. 1.
The invention provides a space mining method of a steep vein-shaped ore body, which is characterized in that a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, a plurality of rock drilling tunnels 3 are arranged, the plurality of rock drilling tunnels 3 are equidistantly and parallelly arranged along veins in the vertical direction of the stope, a mining standard well 4 is arranged in the middle of the stope, the widths of the rock drilling tunnels 3 and the mining standard well 4 are consistent with the mining width of the stope, a top column 7 and a middle column 9 are reserved in the stope, and particularly referring to fig. 1, the middle column 9 and the top column 7 can support surrounding rocks 11, the top column 7 is connected with the veins 10, and the middle column 9 is matched with the top column 7, so that the operation safety is ensured; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling tunnel 3 and the mining standard well 4 as blasting free surfaces, and caving the ore body in the blasting area.
The stoping in the prior art is carried out on loose ore piles after partial ore drawing, the ore caving height is 1.8-2m each time, the face of the working in the air is easily collapsed due to the destruction of blasting operation, the operation cycle is more, and the operation risk is high. By adopting the open stope mining method of the steeply inclined vein-like ore body, the mining operation is carried out in the rock drilling tunnel 3, the stability of the rock drilling tunnel 3 is good, the method is safe and reliable, the falling accidents of the surrounding rock 11 sides can be avoided, the operation environment is improved, and the operation safety coefficient is improved; in the invention, the rock drilling tunnel 3 and the mining standard well 4 are used as the blasting free surfaces, the whole multi-free surface blasting area is broken down, a large amount of ores are drawn at a time, the production capacity can reach 120-150 t/d, and the production capacity of a stope is greatly improved.
The method for open stoping of the steeply inclined vein-like ore body according to the invention is further explained below by means of a specific working process, comprising the following steps:
step one, along the trend of an ore body, constructing an extra-pulse conveying roadway 1 at a certain distance outside a pulse, wherein the number of the extra-pulse conveying roadway 1 is one, and the extra-pulse conveying roadway 1 is taken into an ore area conveying system;
step two, constructing a plurality of ore loading machine paths 2 in a stope along the direction perpendicular to the extra-pulse conveying roadway 1, and taking the ore loading machine paths 2 out of the stope, wherein the size of the ore loading machine paths 2 is required to meet the equipment working requirement; then, along the trend of the ore body, one rock drilling tunnel 3 is constructed at the bottom of the stope, the rock drilling tunnel 3 is communicated with each ore loading machine channel 2 and is used as a rock drilling and blasting compensation space, and the rock drilling tunnel 3 and the mining width are the same and larger than the minimum working size requirement of the rock drilling equipment so as to ensure that the rock drilling equipment has enough working space;
thirdly, constructing a sampling well 4 in the middle of the rock drilling tunnel 3 in a pulse following manner, and using the sampling well 4 as a blasting compensation space and a second channel of a stope, wherein the sampling well 4 is as wide as the rock drilling tunnel 3; meanwhile, constructing an extra-vein pedestrian equipment well 5 in the direction of the extra-vein transportation roadway 1 away from the ore body, wherein the size of the extra-vein pedestrian equipment well is enough for the equipment and pedestrians to pass through;
step four, arranging a plurality of layered connecting channels 6 in the vertical direction of the stope according to the height of the stope and the blasting space requirement, wherein the outsider equipment well 5 is communicated with the mining standard well 4 by using the connecting channels 6, and the size of the connecting channels 6 can meet the passing of pedestrians and equipment; then, along the trend of the ore body, constructing the rest of rock drilling tunnels 3 along with the veins, and using the rest of rock drilling tunnels 3 and connecting tunnels 6 as a rock drilling and blasting compensation space;
the construction operation from the first step to the fourth step is performed, and the accurate construction work of the stope is completed;
fifthly, using the mining standard well 4 as a symmetry axis, constructing blast holes 8 in the rock drilling tunnel 3, wherein the blast holes 8 are deep holes, the blast holes 8 are not uncovered by other projects, the deep holes are constructed only at the last machine position, and all drilling holes are constructed at one time;
and step six, charging the powder in the blast hole 8, detonating once, taking the rock drilling tunnel 3 and the mining well 4 as free surfaces, caving once in a stope, and blasting compensation space reaching 33.3%.
In addition, the invention reduces the labor intensity of operators by adopting deep hole drilling machine rock drilling, wind pressure charging of a charging device and ore discharging of a charging device or a scraper in the construction process, and in addition, the whole caving of the multi-free-surface blasting area can reach 120-150 t/d, thereby greatly improving the production capacity of the stope.
In the specific embodiment, the stope length is 40-60m, the width of the stud 9 is 2-6m, the thickness of the top post 7 is 3-5m, and in the actual exploitation process, the sizes of the stud 9 and the top post 7 can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the stope, so that the flexibility and the adaptability of the exploitation method are improved.
In addition, the blast hole 8 includes a parallel inclined hole inclined from bottom to top toward a direction approaching the production well 4, and a fan-shaped hole on a side approaching the stud 9. In other embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45 °, and at least two blastholes 8 in each row ensure smooth blasting.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the blastholes 8 may be quincuncial or parallel blastholes, and in addition, the distance between the blastholes 8 and the last drilling tunnel 3 (or the jack-up post 7) is 30-50cm, and the distance between the blastholes 8 and the stope boundary is 10-30cm, so as to further improve the operation safety factor.
Further, after the blast holes 8 are filled, each blast hole 8 adopts slight difference blasting, two sides of the mining well 4 are detonated synchronously, the ore drawing amount is large, and the production capacity of a stope is improved.
According to the open stope mining method of the steep vein-shaped ore body, the whole stoping work only comprises rock drilling, blasting and a large amount of ore drawing, and compared with the traditional process, the work of ventilation after blasting, partial ore drawing, top-prying flat stope and the like is omitted, and the stoping process is simple and easy to manage; all operations are performed in the rock drilling tunnel 3, so that the operation safety condition is greatly improved; in addition, the traditional method uses a shallow hole rock drill to drill rock, manually charge and funnel to draw ore, and the invention uses a deep hole drill to drill rock, a charge device to charge, a mineral loader or a scraper to draw ore mechanically, so that the whole deep hole area is broken down, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the production capacity of a stope is greatly improved.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for open stoping of steeply inclined gangue bodies, characterized in that:
arranging a stope along the trend of a ore body, arranging a plurality of rock drilling tunnels in parallel along veins at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the stope, arranging a mining standard well in the middle of the stope, wherein the widths of the rock drilling tunnels and the mining standard well are consistent with the mining width of the stope, and reserving a prop and a stud in the stope; blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as blasting free surfaces, and finally realizing the integral caving of the regional ore body;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, an extra-pulse conveying roadway is formed along the trend of an ore body;
step two, arranging a plurality of ore loading machine paths along the direction perpendicular to the extra-pulse conveying roadway; along the trend of the ore body, the bottom of the stope is provided with the rock drilling tunnel which is communicated with the ore loading machine;
step three, the mining standard well is arranged in the middle of the rock drilling roadway, and an extravenous pedestrian equipment well is arranged in the direction of the extravenous transportation roadway away from the ore body;
setting a plurality of connecting channels in the vertical direction of the stope, wherein the outsider equipment well is communicated with the mining standard well by using the connecting channels; constructing the rest rock drilling tunnels along the trend of the ore body along with the veins, wherein the rest rock drilling tunnels are level with the connecting tunnels;
step five, constructing blast holes in the rock drilling tunnel, wherein the blast holes are deep holes, and the blast holes do not uncover other projects;
step six, charging the powder in the blast holes, carrying out differential detonation from the middle position of the stope to two ends, wherein the same rock drilling tunnel takes the mining standard well as the center, two detonator sections are symmetrically arranged respectively, detonator sections among different rock drilling tunnels are arranged identically respectively, blasting takes the rock drilling tunnel and the mining standard well as free surfaces, and the stope is caving once;
and seventhly, after blasting is finished, carrying out ore drawing operation on the ore loading machine path, and supporting and self-stabilizing an empty site by using ore pillars.
2. The method of open stoping of steeply inclined gangue bodies as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the stope is 40-60m long, the width of the spacing column is 2-6m, and the thickness of the top column is 3-5m.
3. The method of open stoping of steeply inclined gangue bodies as claimed in claim 2 wherein: in the fifth step, the blast hole comprises a parallel inclined hole and a fan-shaped hole, the parallel inclined hole is inclined from bottom to top towards the direction close to the mining standard well, the fan-shaped hole is positioned at one side close to the stud, the distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the rock drilling tunnel or the jack-up post is 30-50cm, and the distance between the blast hole and the boundary of the stope is 10-30cm.
4. A method of open stoping a steeply inclined gangue body as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the included angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, and each row of at least two blast holes.
5. The method of open stoping of steeply inclined gangue bodies as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the fifth step, the blast holes are arranged into quincunx or parallel blast holes.
CN202110851083.5A 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Open stope mining method for steep vein-like ore body Active CN113446006B (en)

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PCT/CN2021/132109 WO2023005072A1 (en) 2021-07-27 2021-11-22 Open stope mining method for steeply inclined veined ore body

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