CN113367034A - Wheat 'one-base one-topdressing' deep layer fertilizing method - Google Patents
Wheat 'one-base one-topdressing' deep layer fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention provides a wheat 'one-base one-topdressing' deep fertilization method, which comprises the following steps: (1) dividing the land to be seeded with wheat into wide rows and narrow rows alternately along the front-back direction, wherein the wide rows and the narrow rows are arranged along the left-right direction; (2) applying a base fertilizer in the narrow row before wheat sowing; (3) sowing wheat on two sides of the narrow row; (4) before wheat is pulled out after turning green, fertilizing furrows are opened in the middle of the wide rows for topdressing fertilizer, and the furrows are backfilled and compacted. Preferably, the step (2) specifically includes: uniformly spreading a part of base fertilizer on the narrow rows, carrying out rotary tillage on the narrow rows, ditching and intensively applying the rest base fertilizer in the middle of the narrow rows, and backfilling the ditch soil and burying the fertilizer. The method disclosed by the invention can reduce the fertilization times, is labor-saving, can meet the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period, effectively eliminates resource waste and environmental risks caused by fertilizer broadcasting, ensures high yield and efficiency improvement of the wheat, is ingenious in design, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to the technical field of wheat fertilization, and specifically relates to a 'one-base one-top-dressing' deep fertilization method for wheat.
Background
Wheat is the second crop of the world's total production, and the fertilizer has obvious effect of increasing the yield of wheat. However, excessive fertilization not only reduces economic benefits, but also affects resource environment. Around reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency and improving the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers, the existing research mostly focuses on the reasonable operation and research of fertilizers which are green fertilizer products and meet the growth requirements of wheat and the accurate application technology.
However, the wheat fertilization in China still mainly adopts manual or mechanical surface layer broadcasting, nitrogen fertilizers are wasted due to ammonia volatilization or runoff loss, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is low, and the yield increasing effect is not fully exerted. It is generally considered that increasing the number of fertilization times under the condition of the same fertilization amount, namely, fertilizing a small number of times is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer consumption, but according to investigation, the number of fertilization times is more or less a main factor of excessive investment of Jiangsu wheat fertilizer, and the labor cost or mechanical operation cost is increased, and the reduction of the number of fertilization times is a main focus of the current reduction and efficiency enhancement of the wheat fertilizer.
Although some researches show that the fertilizer can increase the yield of wheat, reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, the release of nutrients of the slow-release fertilizer depended on by the one-time fertilization is influenced by factors such as soil moisture, temperature and the like, the effect under different regional climates and soil conditions is unstable, and the price cost is added, so that the one-time fertilization still has certain disputes.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a wheat fertilization method, which can reduce fertilization times, save labor and force, meet the nutrient requirements of the wheat in the whole growth period, effectively eliminate resource waste and environmental risks caused by fertilizer broadcasting, and ensure high yield and efficiency improvement of the wheat.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wheat 'one-base one-top-dressing' deep fertilization method, which can reduce the fertilization times, save labor and force, meet the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period, effectively eliminate the resource waste and environmental risk caused by fertilizer broadcasting, ensure the high yield and efficiency increase of the wheat and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
The invention also aims to provide a wheat one-base one-topdressing deep fertilization method which is ingenious in design, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
In order to achieve the purposes, the wheat 'one-base one-top dressing' deep fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dividing a land to be seeded with wheat into wide rows and narrow rows alternately along the front-back direction, wherein the wide rows and the narrow rows are arranged along the left-right direction;
(2) applying a base fertilizer in the narrow row before wheat seeding, uniformly spreading a part of the base fertilizer on the narrow row, carrying out rotary tillage on the narrow row, ditching and intensively applying the rest base fertilizer in the middle of the narrow row, and backfilling ditch soil for burying fertilizer, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-12 cm, the width of the ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm;
(3) sowing the wheat on both sides of the narrow row;
(4) before the wheat is unroasted after turning green, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the middle of the wide row for topdressing fertilizer, ditch soil is backfilled and compacted, the width of the fertilizing ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 8-10 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the line spacing of the wide lines is 30-32 cm, and the line spacing of the narrow lines is 14-16 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the base fertilizer accounts for 60% by weight of the total nitrogen application amount, and in the step (4), the fertilizer accounts for 40% by weight of the total nitrogen application amount.
More preferably, in the step (2), the part of the base fertilizer accounts for 50 to 80% by weight of the base fertilizer, and the rest of the base fertilizer accounts for 20 to 50% by weight of the base fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (3), the seeding depth of the wheat is 2 cm-5 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), before the fertilizing furrows are opened, rotary tillage is performed in the middle of the wide rows.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the wheat deep fertilizing method includes the following steps: (1) dividing the land to be seeded with wheat into wide rows and narrow rows alternately along the front-back direction, wherein the wide rows and the narrow rows are arranged along the left-right direction; (2) applying base fertilizer in the narrow row before wheat seeding, uniformly spreading a part of the base fertilizer on the narrow row, carrying out rotary tillage, ditching and intensively applying the rest base fertilizer in the middle of the narrow row, backfilling ditch soil and burying fertilizer, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-12 cm, the width of the ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm; (3) sowing wheat on two sides of the narrow row; (4) before wheat is pulled out after turning green, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the middle of the wide row for topdressing fertilizer application, ditch soil is backfilled and compacted, the width of the fertilizing ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth is 8-10 cm, so that the fertilizing method can reduce the fertilizing frequency, save labor and labor, meet the nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of the wheat, effectively eliminate resource waste and environmental risk caused by fertilizer spreading, ensure high yield and efficiency increase of the wheat, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
2. The wheat deep fertilizing method includes the following steps: (1) dividing the land to be seeded with wheat into wide rows and narrow rows alternately along the front-back direction, wherein the wide rows and the narrow rows are arranged along the left-right direction; (2) applying base fertilizer in the narrow row before wheat seeding, uniformly spreading a part of the base fertilizer on the narrow row, carrying out rotary tillage, ditching and intensively applying the rest base fertilizer in the middle of the narrow row, backfilling ditch soil and burying fertilizer, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-12 cm, the width of the ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm; (3) sowing wheat on two sides of the narrow row; (4) before wheat is turned green and pulled out, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the middle of the wide row for fertilizing, ditch soil is backfilled and compacted, the width of the fertilizing ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth is 8-10 cm, so that the wheat fertilizing ditch is ingenious in design, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, and can be realized by means of the instrumentalities, devices and combinations particularly pointed out in the summary of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to reduce the fertilization times, save labor and force, meet the nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of wheat, effectively eliminate resource waste and environmental risk caused by fertilizer broadcasting and ensure the high yield and efficiency increase of the wheat, the invention provides a 'one-base one-topdressing' deep fertilization method of the wheat, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing a land to be seeded with wheat into wide rows and narrow rows alternately along the front-back direction, wherein the wide rows and the narrow rows are arranged along the left-right direction;
(2) applying a base fertilizer in the narrow row before wheat seeding, uniformly spreading a part of the base fertilizer on the narrow row, carrying out rotary tillage on the narrow row, ditching and intensively applying the rest base fertilizer in the middle of the narrow row, and backfilling ditch soil for burying fertilizer, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-12 cm, the width of the ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm;
(3) sowing the wheat on both sides of the narrow row;
(4) before the wheat is unroasted after turning green, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the middle of the wide row for topdressing fertilizer, ditch soil is backfilled and compacted, the width of the fertilizing ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 8-10 cm.
In the step (1), the line spacing of the wide lines and the line spacing of the narrow lines may be determined as required, and preferably, in the step (1), the line spacing of the wide lines is 30 cm to 32 cm, and the line spacing of the narrow lines is 14 cm to 16 cm.
In the step (2), the weight percentage of the base fertilizer to the total nitrogen application amount, in the step (4), the weight percentage of the fertilizer to the total nitrogen application amount may be determined as required, preferably, in the step (2), the base fertilizer accounts for 60% by weight of the total nitrogen application amount, and in the step (4), the fertilizer accounts for 40% by weight of the total nitrogen application amount.
In the step (2), the part of the base fertilizer accounts for the weight percentage of the base fertilizer, and the rest of the base fertilizer accounts for the weight percentage of the base fertilizer, which may be determined as needed, and more preferably, in the step (2), the part of the base fertilizer accounts for 50 to 80% of the weight of the base fertilizer, and the rest of the base fertilizer accounts for 20 to 50% of the weight of the base fertilizer.
In the step (3), the seeding depth of the wheat can be determined according to needs, and preferably, in the step (3), the seeding depth of the wheat is 2 cm-5 cm. For example, the soil moisture content can be adjusted, the soil is slightly dry, the sowing depth can be 3-5 cm, the soil moisture content is good, and the sowing depth is controlled to be 2-3 cm.
In step (4), in order to facilitate opening of the fertilizing furrows, preferably, in step (4), rotary tillage is performed in the middle of the wide rows before the fertilizing furrows are opened.
In order to clearly understand the technical contents of the present invention, the following examples are given in detail.
Example 1
(1) Wheat wide and narrow row planting: the wheat is sowed by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 30 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 16 cm.
(2) The mixed application of the base fertilizer plough layer and the centralized deep application are combined: base fertilizer is applied in narrow rows before wheat is sown, accounting for 60 percent of the total nitrogen application by weight.
After 60% of base fertilizer by weight is uniformly spread in narrow rows, mechanical rotary tillage is carried out to uniformly mix the soil and the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage depth is 10 cm, after rotary tillage operation, a small plough shovel ditches in the middle of the narrow rows and intensively applies the remaining 40% of base fertilizer by weight, the width of each ditch is 3 cm, the depth of each ditch is 9 cm, and after the base fertilizer is applied, ditch soil buried fertilizer is backfilled;
(3) wheat is sowed on two sides of the narrow row, the sowing depth is 2 cm, and the wheat is only compacted in the narrow row after sowing.
(4) Wide-row ditching and deep topdressing: before wheat is turned green and then pulled out, fine weather is selected, mechanical rotary tillage is performed in the middle of wide rows to break stubbles and loosen soil, a small plough is used for shoveling a fertilizing ditch with the width of 2 cm and the depth of 8 cm, fertilizer is intensively applied and accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen amount, and ditch soil is backfilled and compacted.
In the current production, the wheat is conventionally fertilized for 3-4 times: base fertilizer, strong tiller fertilizer and jointing-pulling and spike-cultivating fertilizer (jointing-pulling and spike-cultivating fertilizer under high yield cultivation can be applied for 2 times)
The conventional wheat is fertilized for 3 times, the yield per mu is 396kg, the yield of the wheat is increased by 5.4 percent compared with the conventional yield, the fertilization times are reduced by 1 time, the total nitrogen application amount is reduced by 10 percent, the labor cost is saved by 10 yuan per mu, and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 17 percent.
The conventional wheat is fertilized for 4 times, the yield per mu is 418kg, the difference of the wheat yield is not obvious compared with the conventional yield, the fertilization times are reduced for 2 times, the total nitrogen application amount is reduced by 10 percent, the labor cost is saved by 20 yuan per mu, and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 10.9 percent.
Example 2
(1) Wheat wide and narrow row planting: the wheat is sowed by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 31 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 14 cm.
(2) The mixed application of the base fertilizer plough layer and the centralized deep application are combined: base fertilizer is applied in narrow rows before wheat is sown, accounting for 60 percent of the total nitrogen application by weight.
After 80% of base fertilizer by weight is uniformly spread in narrow rows, mechanical rotary tillage is carried out to uniformly mix the soil and the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm, after the rotary tillage operation, a small plough shovel ditches in the middle of the narrow rows and intensively applies the remaining 20% of base fertilizer by weight, the furrow width is 2.5 cm, the furrow depth is 8 cm, and the furrow soil buried fertilizer is backfilled after the base fertilizer is applied;
(3) wheat is sowed on two sides of the narrow row, the sowing depth is 3 cm, and the wheat is only compacted in the narrow row after sowing.
(4) Wide-row ditching and deep topdressing: before wheat is turned green and then pulled out, the wheat is mechanically rotary-tilled in the middle of a wide row in a sunny weather to break stubbles and loosen soil, a small plough is used for shoveling a fertilizing ditch with the width of 3 cm and the depth of 9 cm, fertilizer is intensively applied and accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen amount, and ditch soil is backfilled and compacted.
This example is similar to example 1 in terms of yield, number of fertilization, total nitrogen application, labor cost savings and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency compared to conventional wheat fertilization 3 and 4, respectively.
Example 3
(1) Wheat wide and narrow row planting: the wheat is sowed by adopting wide and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 32 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 15 cm.
(2) The mixed application of the base fertilizer plough layer and the centralized deep application are combined: base fertilizer is applied in narrow rows before wheat is sown, accounting for 60 percent of the total nitrogen application by weight.
After 50% of base fertilizer by weight is uniformly spread in narrow rows, mechanical rotary tillage is carried out to uniformly mix the soil and the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage depth is 11 cm, after the rotary tillage operation, a small plough shovel ditches in the middle of the narrow rows and intensively applies the remaining 50% of base fertilizer by weight, the width of each ditch is 2 cm, the depth of each ditch is 10 cm, and the ditch soil buried fertilizer is backfilled after the base fertilizer is applied;
(3) wheat is sowed on two sides of the narrow row, the sowing depth is 5 cm (when the soil is dry), and only the narrow row is pressed after sowing.
(4) Wide-row ditching and deep topdressing: before wheat is turned green and then pulled out, the wheat is mechanically rotary-tilled in the middle of a wide row in a sunny weather to break stubble and loosen soil, a small plough is used for shoveling a fertilizing ditch with the width of 2.5 cm and the depth of 10 cm, fertilizer is intensively applied by topdressing and accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen amount, and ditch soil is backfilled and compacted.
This example is similar to example 1 in terms of yield, number of fertilization, total nitrogen application, labor cost savings and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency compared to conventional wheat fertilization 3 and 4, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method has the advantages that firstly, a 'one-base one-topdressing' fertilization mode is formed by simplifying fertilization times, labor for fertilization is remarkably saved, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the yield and cost of wheat are increased, and the method has the remarkable characteristic of green synergism;
secondly, wheat is planted in wide and narrow rows, base fertilizer is intensively applied to the narrow rows in a mode of first mixed application and then furrow application before sowing, the mixed application can uniformly distribute the fertilizer on a plough layer, the emergence of seedlings of the wheat is not influenced, nutrients required by the seedling stage can be provided, and the deep furrow application of the fertilizer can promote the growth of the root system of the wheat and the tillering;
thirdly, ditching and topdressing are carried out in the wide rows before the joints are pulled out, so that the damage of field machine operation to wheat is small, the mechanical operation of ditching, root area fertilization, soil covering and pressing and the like can be completed at one time, the wheat can be loosened while wide-row ditching and topdressing are carried out, the soil porosity is improved, and the field intertillage effect is achieved.
Therefore, the wheat is planted in wide and narrow rows, the narrow-row base fertilizer is mixed and concentrated in the furrows before wheat is sown, the wide-row furrows are deeply fertilized before wheat is pulled out, and soil is returned for covering, so that the concentrated deep fertilization of the wheat fertilizer by one base and one dressing is realized, the fertilization times are reduced, the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period is met, the resource waste and the environmental risk caused by fertilizer spreading are effectively eliminated, and the high yield and the efficiency improvement of the wheat are ensured.
In conclusion, the wheat 'one-base one-topdressing' deep fertilization method can reduce fertilization times, save labor and force, meet the nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of wheat, effectively eliminate resource waste and environmental risks caused by fertilizer application, ensure high yield and efficiency improvement of wheat, and is ingenious in design, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
It will thus be seen that the objects of the invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the embodiments, and the embodiments may be modified without departing from the principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A wheat 'one-base one-topdressing' deep fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dividing a land to be seeded with wheat into wide rows and narrow rows alternately along the front-back direction, wherein the wide rows and the narrow rows are arranged along the left-right direction;
(2) applying a base fertilizer in the narrow row before wheat seeding, uniformly spreading a part of the base fertilizer on the narrow row, carrying out rotary tillage on the narrow row, ditching and intensively applying the rest base fertilizer in the middle of the narrow row, and backfilling ditch soil for burying fertilizer, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-12 cm, the width of the ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm;
(3) sowing the wheat on both sides of the narrow row;
(4) before the wheat is unroasted after turning green, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the middle of the wide row for topdressing fertilizer, ditch soil is backfilled and compacted, the width of the fertilizing ditch is 2-3 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 8-10 cm.
2. The wheat "one-base-one-top-dressing" deep fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the row spacing of the wide rows is 30 cm-32 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 14 cm-16 cm.
3. The method for deep fertilization of wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer accounts for 60% by weight of the total nitrogen application in step (2), and the fertilizer accounts for 40% by weight of the total nitrogen application in step (4).
4. The method for deep fertilization of wheat with one base and one top dressing in accordance with claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the part of the base fertilizer is 50 to 80% by weight of the base fertilizer, and the rest of the base fertilizer is 20 to 50% by weight of the base fertilizer.
5. The wheat "one-base one-top dressing" deep fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3), the sowing depth of the wheat is 2 cm-5 cm.
6. The method for deep fertilization of wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), rotary tillage is performed in the middle of the wide row before furrowing.
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CN202110765586.0A CN113367034A (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2021-07-07 | Wheat 'one-base one-topdressing' deep layer fertilizing method |
ZA2022/07359A ZA202207359B (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2022-07-04 | “one base and one topdressing” deep fertilization method for wheat |
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