CN113356972A - 用于废气、特别是来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用该产品的废气脱污染方法 - Google Patents

用于废气、特别是来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用该产品的废气脱污染方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113356972A
CN113356972A CN202110789433.XA CN202110789433A CN113356972A CN 113356972 A CN113356972 A CN 113356972A CN 202110789433 A CN202110789433 A CN 202110789433A CN 113356972 A CN113356972 A CN 113356972A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
product
catalytic
exhaust
mixture
metal compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN202110789433.XA
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
S·奇诺拉
S·罗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of CN113356972A publication Critical patent/CN113356972A/zh
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20738—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20753—Nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/906—Catalyst dispersed in the gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/01—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being catalytic material in liquid form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于废气(特别是内燃机)脱污染的产品，所述产品是用于处理颗粒的添加剂和用于消除氮氧化物(NOx)的还原剂的混合物。根据本发明，该产品包括含有氨或通过分解产生氨的化合物的还原剂、或者来自含氧或不含氧的含烃物质的烃与用于催化颗粒氧化的添加剂的混合物。

Description

用于废气、特别是来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使 用该产品的废气脱污染方法
发明领域
本发明涉及用于废气脱污染的产品，特别是用于来自内燃机(特别是机动车)的废气的脱污染产品，以及使用该产品的废气脱污染方法。
更具体地，本发明涉及处理柴油型内燃机、特别是机动车内燃机的废气中所含的污染物的方法，但其并不通过任何方式排除该方法用于火花引燃发动机(例如以气体燃料或汽油，具体是用低浓度混合物运行的那些)。
发明背景
众所周知，来自此类发动机的废气包含很多污染物，例如未燃烧的烃(HC)、一氧化碳、氮氧化物(NO和NO2)，更通常地称为NOx，以及颗粒。
广泛地认为，在高温下和氧的存在下发生的燃烧导致NOx排放。这些条件通常在任何类型的燃烧中都能遇到，特别是在贫燃条件下发生的燃烧，例如无论是否使用燃料，在贫燃模式中的直接注射。
目前，NOx排放涉及的主要缺点在于，它们对人类健康具有直接的有害作用(特别是NO2)，并且通过二次形成对流臭氧层对人类健康具有间接的有害作用。
为了符合排放标准并保护环境和人类健康，已必需在将这些废气排放到大气之前处理这些污染物。
众所周知，通过消除发动机的排气管线中流通的废气中的污染的处理来达到所述要求。
因此，为了处理来自用低浓度混合物运行的发动机的未燃烧的烃和一氧化碳，在排气管线上设置催化装置例如氧化催化剂。
对于废气，特别是柴油发动机的废气，有益的是在此管线上放置颗粒过滤器从而捕获并去除存在于废气中的颗粒，并从而避免将它们排放入大气中。
该过滤器也可以是催化过滤器，其需要周期性再生，从而通过获得保留在该过滤器中的颗粒的燃烧保持其全部过滤能力。这些再生操作主要由增加过滤器温度组成，所述过滤器温度可通过在高负载下使用发动机的同时产生，或通过放置在所述过滤器上游的催化剂上的还原化学物质的放热氧化而产生，所述还原化学物质来自于燃烧或向废气中直接注入，这主要由发动机控制来引发。
对于NOx排放，废气也流动经过其它催化装置，特别是SCR(选择性催化还原)型催化剂。所述SCR催化剂能通过还原剂的作用选择性地将NOx还原成氮。
所述还原剂通常被直接注射入SCR催化剂的上游，其可以是氨或通过分解而产生氨的化合物(例如脲)，或是由含氧(oxygenated)或不含氧的含烃物质得到的烃。
目前，最常用的用于NOx脱污染的技术是使用氨的SCR催化。
所述氨间接地由以液体形式注射的前体(通常为32.5质量％脲的水性脲溶液，更常见的商品名为“AdBlue”或“DEF”)的分解得到。
因此，所述脲溶液从SCR催化剂的上游注射入排气管线。在废气温度的作用下，此溶液中含有的水迅速蒸发，随后各个脲分子在两个阶段中降解成两个氨分子：
(NH2)2CO(脲)→NH3(氨)+HNCO(异氰酸)-(1)
HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2-(2)
或者，可以将氨直接从SCR催化剂的上游以气体状态注射入排气管线。
如文献EP-2,541,012中更详细的描述，废气脱污染***包括排气管线，该管线包括连接颗粒过滤器和选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂的脱污装置，该组件被称为SCR催化过滤器或SCRF过滤器；容纳用于颗粒过滤器再生的添加剂与该脱污染装置中存在的用于消除NOx的还原剂的混合物的单个罐；以及用于将该混合物供给到SCRF过滤器上游的注入器。
尽管该***令人满意，但是其仍然具有一些不明显的缺点。
实际上，文献EP-2,541,012中描述的***仅限于使用容纳具有储氧能力的材料的再生添加剂。
这种添加剂向已经富氧的介质(例如低浓度运行发动机的排气管线)提供很少的优点。
此外，描述了SCR催化剂的催化相仅在其涂覆于颗粒过滤器中时得到保护。
这实际上排除了通过SCR功能对分离的元素进行颗粒过滤和NOx催化还原的配置。
此外，所描述的***仅涉及废气温度高的情况。
因此，颗粒的燃烧可能进一步增加SCRF过滤器内的温度，这可能导致催化相的劣化。
本发明旨在通过一种以简单有效的方式进行废气脱污染的产品和方法来克服前述缺陷。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于废气脱污染的产品，特别是用于来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，所述产品是用于处理颗粒的添加剂与用于消除氮氧化物(NOx)的还原剂的混合物，其中，该产品包括含有氨或通过分解产生氨的化合物的还原剂、或者来自含氧或不含氧的含烃物质的烃与用于催化颗粒氧化的添加剂的混合物。
所述产品可包含至少一种金属化合物。
所述金属化合物可以是有机金属化合物。
所述金属化合物是选自以下元素的金属：钠、钾、镁、钙、钡、锶、钛、铈、铬、钼、锰、铁、铷、钴、铑、镍、钯、铂、铜、银或这些元素中的至少两种的混合物。
所述有机金属化合物可包含二茂铁。
所述金属化合物可以是无机金属化合物。
所述无机金属化合物可以是选自下组的化合物：氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氧化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氢化物、碳酸盐、氮化物或这些化合物中的至少两种的混合物。
本发明也涉及用于在排气管线中流通的废气(特别是内燃机的废气)的脱污染并使用上述产品的方法，所述管线包括用于选择性氮氧化物(NOx)催化还原的催化装置、颗粒消除装置和用于将产品供给到排气管线中的装置，所述方法包括：
-测定废气温度，以及
-一旦该气体温度达到允许通过启动所述装置处理氮氧化物的阈值，立即将该产品供给入排气管线。
所述方法可包括定期地将产品供给到排气管线中。
所述方法可包括根据NOx的量来控制注入的产品的流速。
所述方法可包括在单一元件中组合用于选择性氮氧化物催化还原的催化装置和SCR催化过滤器中的颗粒消除装置。
所述方法可包括将用于选择性氮氧化物催化还原的催化装置配置在颗粒消除装置之前。
所述方法可包括将颗粒消除装置配置在用于选择性氮氧化物催化还原的催化装置之前。
所述方法可包括将至少一种额外的催化剂放置在排气管线中。
附图说明
通过阅读下文中以非限制性实施例形式给出的描述并参考附图，可以了解本发明的其它特征和益处：
图1显示使用根据本发明的产品和方法的设备，
图2说明了图1的第一种变化形式，以及
图3是图1的另一种变化形式。
发明详述
该废气脱污染处理设备包括排气管线10，该排气管线携带例如来自机动车辆的内燃机12的废气。
内燃机可理解为柴油发动机，但这并不排除所有其他内燃机，例如通过汽油或天然气运转的发动机。
从图1可以更清楚地看出，排气管线10，在废气从发动机的废气歧管16附近的入口14至向大气排气的出口18的流通的方向上，包括至少一个用于捕获并且消除废气中存在的颗粒的装置以及用于还原该气体中含有的NOx的装置。
有利但不必需的是，这些装置在熟知为SCR催化过滤器或SCRF过滤器20的单一元件中进行组合。
优选地，该SCRF过滤器20配置在氧化催化剂22的下游，氧化催化剂22用于在废气中所含的一氧化碳经过SCRF过滤器之前处理未燃烧的烃和废气中所含的一氧化碳。
该氧化催化剂22还旨在将一氧化氮部分地转化为二氧化氮，理想情况是在SCRF过滤器入口处的一氧化氮和二氧化氮之间达到等摩尔分布，以使其效率最大化。
排气管线包括用于供给用于颗粒再生的添加剂和用于NOx消除的还原剂的混合物的装置，优选为注入器24。
该注入器配置在SCRF过滤器的上游并且靠近其入口26，从而该混合物可以在它们被供给到SCRF过滤器之前尽可能均匀地与废气组合。
如通常众所周知的那样，管线包括用于测定SCRF过滤器入口26与其出口30之间的压差的装置28。
作为示例，该装置包括：在SCRF过滤器入口26处的上游压力检测器32，其测量该入口处的废气压力；另一个检测器34，被称为下游检测器，配置在SCRF过滤器出口30处，其测量该出口处的废气压力；以及用于确定SCRF过滤器入口和出口之间的压力差的计算单元36。这使得SCRF过滤器由于颗粒而被堵塞的速率是已知的。
在本身已知的方式中，排气管线带有配置在排气管线上、更具体是配置在SCRF过滤器入口处的温度检测器(未示出)，其使得能够在任何时间知晓在该管线中流通的废气的温度。
或者，可提供逻辑和/或计算机装置，其使得能在任何时间估算在该管线中流通的废气的温度。
该管线还可以包括配置在SCRF过滤器20的出口处的NOx检测器(未示出)，其使得能够在任何时间知道来自SCRF过滤器的NOx的流量。
类似地，可提供逻辑和/或计算机装置，其使得能够在任何时间估算该NOx的量。
由注入器24供入排气管线的混合物通过连接该注入器与包含该混合物的罐40的管道38进行输送。在泵送装置例如计量泵42的作用下，混合物在罐和注入器之间流通。
包含在罐中的混合物包括：NOx还原剂，其可以是氨或通过分解产生氨的化合物(例如脲)或者可以是来自含氧或不含氧的含烃物质的烃；以及用于处理颗粒的催化型添加剂、更具体而言是用于催化这些颗粒的氧化的添加剂。
该用于颗粒处理的催化型添加剂可以是金属化合物。
该金属化合物可以是有机金属化合物，例如二茂铁。所述有机金属化合物中的金属可以是钠、钾、镁、钙、钡、锶、钛、铈、铬、钼、锰、铁、铷、钴、铑、镍、钯、铂、铜、银或这些元素中的至少两种的混合物。
该金属化合物可以是无机金属化合物，例如氯化镍。更通常而言，该无机金属化合物可以是以下化合物：氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氧化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氢化物、碳酸盐、氮化物或这些化合物的混合物。
对于操作而言，任何发动机所具有的ECU随时知晓SCRF过滤器出口处的废气温度和NOx量。
一旦废气温度达到允许通过SCRF过滤器20处理NOx的启动阈值，立即通过SCRF过滤器上游的注入器24将容纳于罐30中的混合物定期地供给到排气管线。
有利的是，注入排气管线的混合物的量基本上与NOx的形成构成比例，并且该量由ECU测定。
通过在SCRF过滤器上游向整个颗粒过滤器负载相注入该混合物，可以使催化再生添加剂与颗粒在SCRF过滤器内紧密混合。添加剂的催化活性以及颗粒与该催化添加剂之间的紧密接触的组合使得能够降低颗粒燃烧起始的温度，从而使其与发动机排气时通常具有的温度相适应，如果需要则在加入后注入物(post-injection)之后进行，该后注入物在氧化催化剂22上氧化并在SCRF过滤器的入口26处产生热释放。
图2的变化形式与图1的不同之处在于，由单一元件制成的图1的SCRF过滤器被至少两个排气处理装置取代。
所述装置之一是SCR型催化剂44，其后接续另一装置，即颗粒过滤器46。
在该构型中，注入器24配置在SCR催化剂的上游。
另一方面，如图3的变化形式所示，装置之一为颗粒过滤器46，其后接续另一种装置如SCR型催化剂44。
在另一构型中，注入器24在颗粒过滤器46的上游。
对于图2的变化形式以及图3的变化形式，排气管线包括用于上述混合物的注入器24，所述混合物包括用于再生颗粒过滤器的颗粒的添加剂和通过SCR催化剂44来进行NOx消除的还原剂。
该注入器配置在更靠近氧化催化剂22的废气处理装置(SCR催化剂44或颗粒过滤器46)的上游
当然，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，包括SCRF过滤器20的排气管线或包括SCR催化剂44及颗粒过滤器46的排气管线可以包括额外的催化剂，例如除了SCRF过滤器之外的SCR催化剂，和/或清洁催化剂等。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于在排气管线(10)中流通的废气的脱污染、特别是用于在内燃机的排气管线中流通的废气的脱污染的方法，所述管线包括用于选择性氮氧化物(NOx)催化还原的催化装置、颗粒消除装置和用于将产品供给到排气管线中的装置(24,38,40)，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
-测定废气温度，以及
-一旦该气体温度达到允许启动通过所述装置处理氮氧化物的阈值，立即将产品供给入排气管线，向整个颗粒过滤器负载相注入该产品，
其中，所述产品是用于处理颗粒的添加剂和用于消除氮氧化物(NOx)的还原剂的混合物，其中，该产品包括含有氨或通过分解产生氨的化合物的还原剂、或者来自含氧或不含氧的含烃物质的烃与用于催化颗粒氧化的添加剂的混合物，进行产品的供给以形成催化添加剂与颗粒的紧密混合，
其中，所述用于处理颗粒的添加剂选自：有机金属化合物，其金属选自钠、钾、镁、钙、钡、锶、钛、铬、钼、锰、铷、钴、铑、镍、钯、铂、铜、银或这些元素中的至少两种的混合物；无机金属化合物，其选自氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氧化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氢化物、碳酸盐、氮化物或这些化合物的混合物,并且其中提供逻辑和/或计算机装置，其使得能在任何时间估算在管线中流通的废气的温度，以及提供逻辑和/或计算机装置，其使得能够在任何时间估算NOx的量。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该产品包含至少一种金属化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，该金属化合物是有机金属化合物。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，该金属化合物是选自以下元素的金属：钠、钾、镁、钙、钡、锶、钛、铈、铬、钼、锰、铁、铷、钴、铑、镍、钯、铂、铜、银或这些元素中的至少两种的混合物。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机金属化合物包含二茂铁。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属化合物是无机金属化合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，该无机金属化合物是选自下组的化合物：氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氧化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氢化物、碳酸盐、氮化物或这些化合物中的至少两种的混合物。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括定期将该产品供给入排气管线。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括根据NOx的量来控制注入的产品的流速。
10.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括在单一元件中组合用于选择性氮氧化物催化还原的催化装置和SCR催化过滤器(20)中的颗粒消除装置。
11.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将用于选择性氮氧化物催化还原的催化装置(44)配置在颗粒消除装置(46)之前。
12.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的废气脱污染的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将颗粒消除装置(46)配置在用于选择性氮氧化物催化还原的催化装置(44)之前。
13.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将至少一种额外的催化剂放置在排气管线中。
CN202110789433.XA 2014-12-11 2015-12-01 用于废气、特别是来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用该产品的废气脱污染方法 Withdrawn CN113356972A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1462228 2014-12-11
FR1462228A FR3029800B1 (fr) 2014-12-11 2014-12-11 Produit pour la depollution des gaz d'echappement, notamment de moteur a combustion interne, et procede de depollution des gaz d'echappement utilisant ce produit.
CN201580067240.6A CN107002529A (zh) 2014-12-11 2015-12-01 用于废气脱污染的产品，特别是用于来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用所述产品的废气脱污染方法

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201580067240.6A Division CN107002529A (zh) 2014-12-11 2015-12-01 用于废气脱污染的产品，特别是用于来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用所述产品的废气脱污染方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113356972A true CN113356972A (zh) 2021-09-07

Family

ID=52589591

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110789433.XA Withdrawn CN113356972A (zh) 2014-12-11 2015-12-01 用于废气、特别是来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用该产品的废气脱污染方法
CN201580067240.6A Pending CN107002529A (zh) 2014-12-11 2015-12-01 用于废气脱污染的产品，特别是用于来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用所述产品的废气脱污染方法

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201580067240.6A Pending CN107002529A (zh) 2014-12-11 2015-12-01 用于废气脱污染的产品，特别是用于来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用所述产品的废气脱污染方法

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10167758B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3229941A1 (zh)
CN (2) CN113356972A (zh)
FR (1) FR3029800B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016091657A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3055220B1 (fr) * 2016-08-26 2020-02-28 IFP Energies Nouvelles Installation pour la depollution des gaz d'echappement, notamment de moteur a combustion interne, et procede pour l'utilisation d'une telle installation
FR3059566B1 (fr) * 2016-12-07 2022-04-22 Ifp Energies Now Fluide de depollution de gaz d'echappement comportant un carbonate metallique basique soluble, son procede de preparation et son utilisation pour les moteurs a combustion interne
US20190234283A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-01 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc ENGINE OUT NOx REDUCTION USING ENHANCED DEF
FR3108527B1 (fr) * 2020-03-30 2022-09-09 Total Marketing Services Utilisation d’une composition comprenant un agent réducteur et un composé métallique pour prévenir les dépôts dans les lignes d’échappement comprenant un catalyseur SCR

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5404841A (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-04-11 Valentine; James M. Reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel engines
WO2011119331A2 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 General Electric Company System and method for exhaust treatment
CN102434258A (zh) * 2010-09-22 2012-05-02 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于内燃发动机的废气处理***
CN102852599A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-02 现代自动车株式会社 排放气体净化***和具有该***的排放***
CN104040153A (zh) * 2012-01-12 2014-09-10 雷诺股份公司 借助于颗粒过滤器的周期性再生对scr催化剂的优化管理

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5482692A (en) * 1994-07-07 1996-01-09 Mobil Oil Corporation Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides using a ferrocene impregnated zeolite catalyst
US5809774A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-09-22 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. System for fueling and feeding chemicals to internal combustion engines for NOx reduction
US20030226312A1 (en) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-11 Roos Joseph W. Aqueous additives in hydrocarbonaceous fuel combustion systems
DE602004006415T2 (de) * 2003-06-18 2008-01-10 Johnson Matthey Public Ltd., Co. Verfahren zur steuerung der reduktionsmittelzugabe
JP4438828B2 (ja) * 2007-06-08 2010-03-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP5534602B2 (ja) * 2009-11-06 2014-07-02 ボッシュ株式会社 還元剤噴射弁の異常検出装置及び異常検出方法
GB2478132A (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-31 Gm Global Tech Operations Inc Device to reduce NOx for all driving profiles at both low and high exhaust temperatures.
WO2012154868A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Fluor Technologies Corporation SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF FLUE GAS WITH SOx ABSORBENT REAGENT AND NOx REDUCING AGENT
US20150020506A1 (en) * 2012-02-12 2015-01-22 Haldor Topsøe A/S Method and system for the removal of noxious compounds from engine exhaust gas
US20130333351A1 (en) * 2012-06-18 2013-12-19 Ashwin Vyas Filter regeneration using filter temperature modulation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5404841A (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-04-11 Valentine; James M. Reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel engines
WO2011119331A2 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 General Electric Company System and method for exhaust treatment
CN102434258A (zh) * 2010-09-22 2012-05-02 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于内燃发动机的废气处理***
CN102852599A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-02 现代自动车株式会社 排放气体净化***和具有该***的排放***
CN104040153A (zh) * 2012-01-12 2014-09-10 雷诺股份公司 借助于颗粒过滤器的周期性再生对scr催化剂的优化管理

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3029800A1 (fr) 2016-06-17
EP3229941A1 (fr) 2017-10-18
FR3029800B1 (fr) 2016-12-16
US10167758B2 (en) 2019-01-01
CN107002529A (zh) 2017-08-01
US20170350288A1 (en) 2017-12-07
WO2016091657A1 (fr) 2016-06-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9771850B2 (en) Systems and methods for control of engine NOx emissions using liquid and dry reductant sources
RU2670480C2 (ru) Способ и система управления выбросами оксидов азота из двигателя внутреннего сгорания
US8418443B2 (en) Method of treating pollutants contained in exhaust gases, notably of an internal-combustion engine, and system using same
JP6074912B2 (ja) 排気ガス浄化システム及び排気ガス浄化方法
WO2013172215A1 (ja) 排気ガス浄化システム及び排気ガス浄化方法
AU2005293349B2 (en) Method of decomposing nitrogen dioxide
CN102454453B (zh) 具有降低的so3产生和改进的耐久性的排放scr nox后处理***
US20180223712A1 (en) Vehicle having a nitrogen oxides storage converter and on-board method for monitoring and diagnosing the nitrogen oxides storage converter
CN102852599A (zh) 排放气体净化***和具有该***的排放***
US20190321782A1 (en) Method for the Cleaning of Exhaust Gas from a Compression Ignition Engine
CN113356972A (zh) 用于废气、特别是来自内燃机的废气的脱污染的产品，以及使用该产品的废气脱污染方法
JP7129976B2 (ja) 可溶塩基性金属炭酸塩を含む排気ガス汚染防止流体、その調製プロセス、および内燃機関におけるその使用
JP5804544B2 (ja) 内燃機関の排気処理装置
RU2682203C1 (ru) Система очистки выхлопных газов и способ для очистки потока выхлопных газов
CN106555645B (zh) 用于将还原剂注射到动力***的废气中的方法
CN111102041A (zh) 废气处理***和用于诊断废气处理***的方法
KR102353657B1 (ko) 특히 내연 기관의 배기 가스의 오염제거 설비 및 이 설비의 사용 방법
US20220136424A1 (en) Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment System
KR100911586B1 (ko) 선택적 촉매 환원장치용 일산화탄소 저감장치
US20160131001A1 (en) Catalyst design for selective-catalytic-reduction (scr) filters
Ren et al. Exhaust system with improved NO X emission control

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WW01 Invention patent application withdrawn after publication
WW01 Invention patent application withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20210907