CN113338937A - Stoping method for reducing loss of mining footwall ore by inclined ore body caving method - Google Patents
Stoping method for reducing loss of mining footwall ore by inclined ore body caving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113338937A CN113338937A CN202110677478.8A CN202110677478A CN113338937A CN 113338937 A CN113338937 A CN 113338937A CN 202110677478 A CN202110677478 A CN 202110677478A CN 113338937 A CN113338937 A CN 113338937A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mining method for reducing the loss of mining footwall ores by an inclined ore body caving method, wherein when the inclination angle of an ore body is relatively slow, and a route is arranged by utilizing the direction vertical to the ore body for mining, different measures are taken to recover the footwall ores according to the mining state of a mining subsection; the approach is firstly used as an ore removal tunnel to recycle and cut ores falling from the trench, and then the ores are gradually discharged, collapsed and returned to an upper tray for mining; during trench mining, the depth of blast holes changes along with the height change of the undisrupted interval pillars of the upper section, and the ridge position is guaranteed to be completely ruptured during ore caving; the edge hole angle close to the lower plate in the trench can be selected according to the inclination angle of the ore body, and the edge hole angle close to the upper plate is properly increased; the length of blast holes of the vertical access stoping starting section and the vertical access stoping ending section also changes along with the height changes of the dip angle of the trench boundary wall and the dip angle of the ore rock boundary.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a stoping method for reducing the loss of mining footwall ores by an inclined ore body caving method.
Background
When a footless sublevel caving method is adopted to arrange an approach in a vertical direction and mine inclined ore bodies in a sequence from an upper tray to a lower tray in a mining process, the residual ore bodies on the lower tray are large, although the mining process is generally carried out by adopting the technical measure of excavating the rocks on the lower tray, a large amount of ore remains, and finally the ore remained in a sublevel after excavating the rocks is shown in figure 1. The occurrence range of the part of final residual ore bodies is as follows: between two adjacent approaches, between this subsection bottom plate and the upper subsection bottom plate, between lower subsection stoping boundary f and this subsection lower wall ore rock boundary d line, within the area enclosed by three boundaries. The medicine consists of three parts: transferring the residual dispersion a, and obtaining the non-collapsed pilaster b outside the mining boundary line e of the section and the non-collapsed triangular ore c outside the mining boundary line e of the section.
Taking a stope structure with an access road interval of 10m, a size of 3m multiplied by 3m, a sectional height of 10m, an ore loose coefficient of 1.2 and an ore body horizontal thickness of 20m as an example, during conventional stoping, stoping is carried out until a top plate of the access road is intersected with a rock boundary of an ore, the amount of the lower wall residual is 37% of the whole sectional ore amount, the stoping is continued to enter a rock excavating stage, when the stoping height (counted from a bottom plate of the access road) is 2/3 sectional height, the amount of the lower wall residual ore is 19.6% of the whole sectional ore amount, namely, only 47% of the amount of the lower wall residual is produced during conventional mining in 2/3 sectional height mining, so that a considerable amount of ore residual still remains, the ore amount is increased along with the gradual inclination angle of the ore body, and measures are required to be taken for stoping, and the loss of the lower wall ore is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a mining method for reducing the loss of mining the lower wall ore by the inclined ore body caving method, which can reduce the loss of the lower wall, and can adopt different measures to recover the residual ore quantity according to the mining state of the mining subsection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a stoping method for reducing the loss of ore from lower tray mined by inclined ore body caving method includes such steps as taking different measures to recover ore from lower tray according to the stoping state of stoping segment when the inclination of ore body is decreased and the route is arranged perpendicular to the direction of ore body,
when the stoping subsection is stoping or is finished, the following mode 1 or mode 2 can be adopted for stoping:
in the mode 2, a new small-size vein-following roadway is dug for recovery at the position, close to the ore body, of the lower plate of the ore body of the section, blast holes are arranged in a fan-shaped radial mode, and extraction of the vein-following roadway is carried out after the extraction of the extraction part of the vertical access is finished;
and when the stoping subsection is not finished, adopting a mode 3 to carry out stoping:
and in the mode 3, a trench roadway is arranged at the position, close to the junction of ore rocks, of the ore body footwall and serves as a cutting roadway. The excavation method is characterized in that a trench tunnel is excavated firstly in the process of mining the ore body from the lower plate to the upper plate, the trench tunnel can be obtained through trench mining blast hole blasting, the trench mining blast hole is arranged in a fan shape, the trench tunnel is finally blasted and cut to form a trench form, and the ore discharge end of the trench tunnel is in an upwards open shape. When the next step of ore caving is carried out, even though ore which is not caving exists on the upper part, the exposed area is increased along with the withdrawal of the trench tunnel, and the ore can be naturally recovered from the route after falling. The approach is firstly used as an ore removal tunnel to recover ores falling from the trench tunnel, and then the ores are gradually discharged along the direction of the ore body and fall to the ore body to retreat from the upper plate. When the trench roadway retreats, the depth of the fan-shaped blast hole changes along with the height change of the undisrupted interval column of the upper subsection, the highest part can extend to the lower side of the ridge residual body of the upper subsection, and the depth of the fan-shaped blast hole is the largest between two stoping access roads. When the corresponding position of the upper part of the trench tunnel is a route, the depth of the fan-shaped blast hole is the minimum. And the ridge part is guaranteed to be completely collapsed during ore collapse, so that the recovery of the ridge part residue is facilitated. The side hole angle of the trench tunnel close to the lower plate can be selected according to the inclination angle of ore bodies and extends to the position of the upper-section non-caving triangular ore, the side hole angle close to the upper plate is properly increased, the route is obtained by a route stoping blast hole, and the length of the blast hole of the route stoping start section and the length of the blast hole of the route stoping end section are changed along with the height changes of the inclination angle of the trench side wall and the inclination angle of the ore rock boundary.
Preferably, in the mode 2, when the connection roadway is arranged at the junction of the footwall rock along the direction of the ore body, the original connection roadway is used for replacing re-excavation of the vein-following roadway without re-excavation of the vein-following roadway.
Preferably, the engineering arrangement comprises: an upper disc connecting roadway, a vertical approach and a lower disc pulse-following trench roadway.
Preferably, the stoping sequence is as follows: and (4) firstly mining the trench roadway, and then mining the vertical heading approach from the lower wall to the upper wall.
The essence of the scheme is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly caving and stoping a footwall ore body along a footwall vein cutting roadway, and then retreating and stoping the residual ore body from the footwall to an upper wall by utilizing a vertical trend approach, so that a certain time difference is left between the stoping of the footwall ore and the stoping of other ore bodies, even if the footwall ore body cannot be completely caved, the footwall ore body still can be automatically caved by utilizing the space-time characteristic and the blasting vibration effect of rock caving, and is gathered in the caved cutting roadway and secondarily recovered by the vertical trend approach, so that the full recovery of the footwall residual ore is realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the secondary digging project is not needed when the lower tray residual ore is recovered. If the recovery of the lower-tray residual ores is carried out by using the lower-tray mining combined roadway, the combined roadway can be used only once and has short utilization time, the lower-tray residual ores have insufficient time to fall off sufficiently, and the recovery is insufficient. If the recycling is needed again, a recycling access and a connecting roadway which run vertically need to be dug again, and the engineering quantity is increased. In addition, the stability of the lower unstable rock is further reduced after the lower unstable rock is cut for a plurality of times.
2. The exposure time of the unstable rock mass is short, and the stability control of the mining preparation engineering is facilitated. When the upper tray is stoped towards the lower tray, the ore body of the lower tray is exposed and then falls off, the lower tray route of the next section is excavated firstly and then is stoped, and the time for the lower tray recovery route to be remained is long. When the lower wall retreats to the upper wall for mining, the ore body of the lower wall is exposed firstly and falls off firstly, and the lower sectional recovery route is excavated firstly and mined firstly. The interval time between two kinds of stoping sequences is certain promptly the ore body caving time is certain, but the footwall is retrieved the route latency short, and the engineering is few simultaneously, and is few to the footwall cutting action, more is favorable to stably, retrieves the quality increase.
3. The excavation of the roadway in the surrounding rock with unstable footwall is avoided, more ore remained on the footwall can be mined, and the method is more in line with the mine practice. Meanwhile, the tunnel is cut and tunneled at last, and mining is performed in advance, so that the retention time is shortened, and the stability of the tunnel is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a residual ore in a section in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of the recovery route of the method 1 in the extraction method for reducing the loss of the ore from the lower wall of the inclined ore body caving method.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the arrangement of the recovery route of the method 2 in the extraction method for reducing the loss of the ore from the lower wall of the inclined ore body caving method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lower-tray upward-tray mining scheme in the mining method for reducing the loss of the ore mined from the lower tray by the inclined ore body caving method in the method 3.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the m-m plane of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the n-n plane in fig. 4.
The reference numerals include:
a-migrating residual dispersions; b-non-collapsed studs; c-undisrupted triquetrum; d-ore rock boundary of lower wall; e-this subsection mining boundary line; f-lower sublevel stoping boundary line;
g, recycling an inlet path; h-blast hole; 1-upper segmented ridge residual dispersion; 2-up segmenting the unbolted triangular ore; 3-trench tunnel; 4-route entry; 5-connecting lane; 6-recovering blast holes by trench; 7-stoping blast holes in the route.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present technical solution more clear, the present technical solution is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.
The embodiment provides a stoping method for reducing the loss of mining the lower-tray ores by an inclined ore body caving method, when the inclination angle of an ore body is reduced and stoping is carried out by utilizing a route arranged in the direction vertical to the trend of the ore body, different measures are taken to recover the lower-tray ores according to the stoping state of a stoping section, wherein the stoping state is divided into stoping completion, stoping middle or non-stoping,
when the stoping subsection is stoping or is finished, the following mode 1 or mode 2 can be adopted for stoping:
And 2, newly digging a small-size vein-following recovery route g for recovery at the position, close to the ore body, of the lower plate of the ore body of the section, arranging blast holes h in a fan-shaped radial arrangement mode, and performing vein-following recovery route g for recovery after the mining of the recovery part of the vertical route is finished. Preferably, in the mode 2, when the connection roadway is arranged at the junction of the footwall rock along the direction of the ore body, the original connection roadway is used for replacing re-excavation of the vein-following roadway without re-excavation of the vein-following roadway.
As shown in fig. 4-6, when the extraction section has not finished extraction, extraction is performed in a manner 3:
and in the mode 3, a trench roadway 3 is arranged at the position, close to the junction of ore rocks, of the ore body footwall and serves as a cutting roadway. Excavation trench tunnel 3 is first excavated to the in-process of ore body footwall toward hanging wall exploitation, trench tunnel 3 accessible trench mining blasthole 6 blasting gained, trench mining blasthole 6 is fan-shaped and arranges, and final blasting cutting forms the trench form, and trench tunnel 3 ore removal end is "upwards opens" shape. When the next step of ore caving is carried out, even though ore which is not caving exists on the upper part, the exposed area is increased along with the withdrawal of the trench tunnel 3, and the ore can be naturally recovered from the drift 4 after falling. The inlet 4 is firstly used as an ore removal tunnel to recover ores falling from the trench tunnel 3, and then the ores are gradually discharged along the direction of the ore body and fall to the ore body to retreat from the upper plate. When the trench roadway 3 retreats, the depth of the fan-shaped blast hole changes along with the height change of the undisrupted interval column of the upper subsection, the highest part can extend to the lower side of the ridge residual body 1 of the upper subsection, and the depth of the fan-shaped blast hole is the largest between the two stoping access roads 4. When the corresponding position of the upper part of the trench tunnel 3 is the access 4, the depth of the fan-shaped blast hole is minimum. And the ridge part is guaranteed to be completely collapsed during ore collapse, so that the recovery of the ridge part residue is facilitated. The edge hole angle of the trench roadway 3 close to the lower plate can be selected according to the inclination angle of an ore body and extends to the position of the triangular ore 2 which is not broken in the upper section, and the edge hole angle close to the upper plate is properly increased. The drift 4 is obtained by a drift stoping blast hole 7, and the length of the blast hole of the stoping starting section and the ending section of the drift 4 also changes along with the height change of the slope angle of the trench boundary wall and the slope angle of the rock boundary.
Preferably, the engineering arrangement sequence is as follows: an upper disc connecting tunnel 5, a vertical strike approach 4 and a lower disc vein-following trench tunnel 3.
Preferably, the stoping sequence is as follows: firstly, a trench tunnel 3 is mined, and then a vertical heading approach 4 is mined from a lower plate to an upper plate.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and many variations in the specific embodiments and applications of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the claims of this patent.
Claims (4)
1. The stoping method for reducing the loss of the ore of the lower wall mined by the inclined ore body caving method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the inclination angle of the ore body is reduced and the stoping is carried out by utilizing the route arranged in the direction vertical to the ore body, different measures are taken to recover the ore on the lower tray according to the stoping state of the stoping section, wherein the stoping state is divided into stoping completion, stoping middle or non-stoping,
when the stoping subsection is stoping or is finished, the following mode 1 or mode 2 can be adopted for stoping:
mode 1, adding a small-size recovery route between two adjacent routes after the stoping is finished for recovery by using the original linked roadway of the section, arranging the newly-added recovery routes along the direction perpendicular to the direction of an ore body, tunneling the routes to the stoping boundary of the next section, wherein the stoping range is the stoping boundary of the next section to the ore rock boundary of the upper section, and arranging blast holes in a fan-shaped radial arrangement mode;
in the mode 2, a new small-size vein-following roadway is dug for recovery at the position, close to the ore body, of the lower plate of the ore body of the section, blast holes are arranged in a fan-shaped radial mode, and extraction of the vein-following roadway is carried out after the extraction of the extraction part of the vertical access is finished;
when the stoping subsection is not stoped, adopting a mode 3 to carry out stoping:
in the method 3, a vein-following roadway is arranged at the position, close to the boundary position of ore rocks, of the lower plate and serves as a cutting roadway or a connecting roadway, the lower plate serves as the cutting roadway when mining towards the upper plate, the cutting roadway is firstly mined when mining, fan-shaped blast holes are adopted for cutting, a trench form is formed, ore is removed until an ore removal port is slightly open, next-step ore caving is carried out, even if part of ore which is not caving is arranged at the upper part, the exposed area is increased along with the withdrawal of the cutting trench, and the ore can be naturally recovered from the inlet after caving; the approach is firstly used as an ore removal tunnel to recycle and cut ores falling from the trench, and then the ores are gradually discharged, collapsed and returned to an upper tray for mining; during trench mining, the depth of blast holes changes along with the height change of the undisrupted interval pillars of the upper section, the depth of the blast holes is the largest between two approaches, the corresponding position of the upper part is the smallest during approach, the collapse of the ridge position is ensured during ore collapse, and the recovery of the ridge residue is facilitated; the edge hole angle close to the lower plate in the trench can be selected according to the inclination angle of the ore body, and the edge hole angle close to the upper plate is properly increased; the length of blast holes of the vertical access stoping starting section and the vertical access stoping ending section also changes along with the height changes of the dip angle of the trench boundary wall and the dip angle of the ore rock boundary.
2. The extraction method for reducing the loss of ore from the footwall of an inclined ore caving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the mode 2, when the connection roadway is arranged at the junction of the ore rocks on the lower tray along the trend of the ore body, the vein-following roadway is not dug again, and the original connection roadway is used for replacing the re-digging vein-following roadway.
3. The extraction method for reducing the loss of ore from the footwall of an inclined ore caving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in mode 3, the extraction process includes: an upper disc connecting roadway, a vertical approach and a lower disc pulse-following trench roadway.
4. The extraction method for reducing the loss of ore from the footwall of an inclined ore caving method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in mode 3, the stoping sequence is: and (4) firstly mining the trench roadway, and then mining the vertical heading approach from the lower wall to the upper wall.
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