CN113328102B - Electrode, battery and vehicle - Google Patents

Electrode, battery and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113328102B
CN113328102B CN202110718046.7A CN202110718046A CN113328102B CN 113328102 B CN113328102 B CN 113328102B CN 202110718046 A CN202110718046 A CN 202110718046A CN 113328102 B CN113328102 B CN 113328102B
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
electrode
nanotubes
hydrophobic
structures
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CN202110718046.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113328102A (en
Inventor
龙鹏
辛小超
邓光荣
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Sany Automobile Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Sany Automobile Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The application provides an electrode, a battery and a vehicle, wherein the electrode comprises: the catalytic layer comprises a doped hydrophobic nanotube, a carrier and a catalyst; and the diffusion layer is arranged on one side of the catalytic layer. The electrode provided by the application comprises a catalytic layer and a diffusion layer, wherein the catalytic layer is obtained by mixing and doping a hydrophobic nano tube, a carrier and a catalyst, and the reaction equation of the proton exchange membrane fuel electrode is O 2 +4H + +4e ‑ ＝2H 2 O, namely under the effect of catalyst, through the combination of oxygen and hydrogen, form water, including hydrophobic nanotube in the catalysis layer, consequently, the water that produces in the catalysis layer can be through the quick discharge of hydrophobic nanotube to, can not remain a large amount of water in the hydrophobic nanotube, and then can provide the passageway for gases such as oxygen and hydrogen, guarantee the sufficiency of oxygen in the reaction process, and then avoid the quick decline of cathode potential, promote fuel cell's output voltage.

Description

Electrode, battery and vehicle
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an electrode, a battery and a vehicle.
Background
In the related art, the problem of flooding is the biggest problem under the high-power working condition when the reaction temperature of the low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is below 100 ℃. Flooding can lead to the failure of smooth oxygen input, rapid drop in cathode potential and drop in fuel cell output voltage.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve or ameliorate at least one of the technical problems of the prior art.
To this end, a first aspect of the application proposes an electrode.
A second aspect of the present application proposes a battery.
A third aspect of the application proposes a vehicle.
In view of this, according to a first aspect of the present application, the present application proposes an electrode comprising: the catalytic layer comprises a doped hydrophobic nanotube, a carrier and a catalyst; and the diffusion layer is arranged on one side of the catalytic layer.
The electrode provided by the application comprises a catalytic layer and a diffusion layer, wherein the catalytic layer is obtained by mixing and doping a hydrophobic nano tube, a carrier and a catalyst, and the reaction equation of the proton exchange membrane fuel electrode is O 2 +4H + +4e - ＝2H 2 O, namely under the effect of catalyst, through the combination of oxygen and hydrogen, form water, including hydrophobic nanotube in the catalysis layer, consequently, the water that produces in the catalysis layer can be through the quick discharge of hydrophobic nanotube to, can not remain a large amount of water in the hydrophobic nanotube, and then can provide the passageway for gases such as oxygen and hydrogen, guarantee the sufficiency of gases such as oxygen and hydrogen in the reaction process, and then avoid the quick decline of cathode potential, promote fuel cell's output voltage.
In addition, the electrode in the technical scheme provided by the application can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in the above technical solution, the length of the hydrophobic nanotube is further in a range of 5nm or more and 1000nm or less.
In the technical scheme, the length of the hydrophobic nanotube is set to be more than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 1000 nanometers, so that the water diversion effect is ensured, and the water is prevented from being led out slowly due to overlong flow channels.
In any of the above embodiments, further, the hydrophobic nanotubes are carbon fluoride nanotubes.
In the technical scheme, the hydrophobic nano tube adopts the carbon fluoride nano tube, so that the dispersion of the carbon fluoride nano tube is excellent, further, rapid drainage can be realized, the condensation of water is avoided, and a channel is provided for the entry of gases such as oxygen, hydrogen and the like.
In any of the above embodiments, further, the hydrophobic nanotubes are single-arm nanotubes and/or multi-arm nanotubes.
In the technical scheme, the hydrophobic nanotubes can be single-arm nanotubes, multi-arm nanotubes or a mixture of single-arm nanotubes and multi-arm nanotubes.
In any of the above embodiments, further the catalyst comprises a platinum group catalyst and/or a platinum group alloy catalyst.
In the technical scheme, the catalyst can be a platinum group catalyst, a platinum group alloy catalyst or a mixture of the platinum group catalyst and the platinum group alloy catalyst, the platinum group catalyst and the platinum group alloy catalyst have good catalytic performance, the reaction speed of the cathode can be improved, and current and voltage are provided.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, the structure of the catalyst includes at least one of the following: core-shell structures, branch-like structures, nanowire structures, intermetallic structures, network structures, star-like structures, and nanoparticle structures.
In the technical scheme, the catalyst can be in a core-shell structure, a branch-shaped structure, a nanowire structure, an intermetallic structure, a net-shaped structure, a star-shaped structure or a nanoparticle structure.
In any of the above embodiments, further the catalyst is attached to a support.
In this technical scheme, the catalyst is attached to the carrier, and thus the catalyst can be formed in a spaced arrangement form so that the oxygen and the hydrogen have enough reaction space.
In any of the above embodiments, further the support comprises a carbon support.
In the technical scheme, the carrier comprises a carbon carrier, the carbon carrier has high stability, the reaction of a cathode is prevented from being influenced, and the combination of the carbon carrier and the carbon fluoride nano tube is good.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a battery comprising: a proton exchange membrane; an electrode as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the catalytic layer of the electrode faces the proton exchange membrane.
The battery according to the present application, because of comprising the electrode according to any one of the above-mentioned technical solutions, has all the advantageous effects of the electrode according to any one of the above-mentioned technical solutions, which are not stated here.
According to a third aspect of the application, the application proposes a vehicle comprising: a battery as claimed in any one of the above claims.
The vehicle according to the present application, comprising an electrode according to any of the above-mentioned technical solutions, therefore has all the advantageous effects of a battery according to any of the above-mentioned technical solutions, which are not stated here.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electrode and proton exchange membrane according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion of a catalytic layer in an electrode provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 shows electrode polarization graphs in the battery, the battery of related art 1, and the related art 2 provided by one embodiment of the present application.
The correspondence between the reference numerals and the component names in fig. 1 and 2 is:
100 electrodes, 110 catalytic layers, 112 hydrophobic nanotubes, 114 carriers, 116 catalysts, 120 diffusion layers, 200 proton exchange membranes and 300 bubbles.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
An electrode 100, a battery, and a vehicle provided according to some embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present application provides an electrode 100 comprising: a catalytic layer 110, the catalytic layer 110 comprising doped hydrophobic nanotubes 112, a support 114, and a catalyst 116; the diffusion layer 120 is provided on one side of the catalytic layer 110.
The electrode 100 provided by the application comprises a catalytic layer 110 and a diffusion layer 120, wherein the catalytic layer 110 is obtained by mixing and doping a hydrophobic nanotube 112, a carrier 114 and a catalyst 116, specifically, the electrode 100 is a cathode of a proton exchange membrane 200 fuel, and the reaction equation of the electrode 100 is O 2 +4H + +4e - ＝2H 2 O, namely under the action of the catalyst 116, water is formed by combining oxygen and hydrogen, and the hydrophobic nano tube 112 is included in the catalytic layer 110, so that water generated in the catalytic layer 110 can be rapidly discharged through the hydrophobic nano tube 112, and a large amount of water cannot remain in the hydrophobic nano tube 112, so that channels can be provided for oxygen, hydrogen and other gases, sufficient oxygen, hydrogen and other gases in the reaction process are ensured, rapid drop of cathode potential is avoided, and the output voltage of the fuel cell is improved.
Specifically, the mixed hydrophobic nanotubes 112 in the catalytic layer 110 can realize directional air supply and water discharge, i.e., the air bubbles 300 are stored in the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 by using the dispersibility of the hydrophobic nanotubes 112, thereby facilitating the air supply, increasing the efficiency of the battery at high current density, and the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 can play a supporting role in the catalytic layer 110 to ensure that the catalyst 116 has a contact space with the hydrogen and oxygen, thereby improving the efficiency of the reaction.
Example 2:
further, the length of the hydrophobic nanotube 112 is in the range of 5nm or more and 1000nm or less based on the embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, the length of the hydrophobic nanotube 112 is set to a value range of 5nm or more and 1000nm or less, so as to ensure the water diversion effect, and avoid the slow water diversion caused by excessively long flow channels.
Wherein the lengths of the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 employed in the same catalytic layer 110 may be the same or different. Hydrophobic nanotubes 112 of different wall thicknesses and lengths may be selected depending on the structure, size, and the like of the catalyst 116
In particular, the length of the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 may be 5 nanometers, 10 nanometers, 50 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 200 nanometers, 300 nanometers, 400 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 600 nanometers, 700 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 900 nanometers, 1000 nanometers.
Example 3:
further, the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 are carbon fluoride nanotubes based on example 1 or example 2.
In this embodiment, the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 are carbon fluoride nanotubes, which have excellent dispersibility, so that rapid drainage can be achieved, condensation of water is avoided, and channels are provided for the entry of gases such as oxygen and hydrogen.
Further, the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 are single-arm nanotubes. Or hydrophobic nanotubes 112 are multi-arm nanotubes. Or hydrophobic nanotubes 112 are a mixture of single-arm nanotubes and multi-arm nanotubes.
In this embodiment, the hydrophobic nanotubes 112 may be single-arm nanotubes, multi-arm nanotubes, or a mixture of single-arm nanotubes and multi-arm nanotubes.
I.e. the carbon fluoride nanotubes may be single-arm carbon fluoride nanotubes or multi-arm carbon fluoride nanotubes or a mixture of single-arm carbon fluoride nanotubes and multi-arm carbon fluoride nanotubes.
Example 4:
further, the catalyst 116 includes a platinum group catalyst or a platinum group alloy catalyst or a mixture of a platinum group catalyst and a platinum group alloy catalyst on the basis of any one of embodiment 1 to embodiment 3.
In this embodiment, the catalyst 116 may be a platinum group catalyst, a platinum group alloy catalyst, or a mixture of a platinum group catalyst and a platinum group alloy catalyst, which has excellent catalytic performance, and can increase the reaction speed of the cathode and provide current and voltage.
The platinum group catalyst comprises: platinum catalyst, palladium catalyst, osmium catalyst, yttrium catalyst, ruthenium catalyst or rhodium catalyst.
The platinum group alloy catalyst includes: platinum alloy catalyst, palladium alloy catalyst, osmium alloy catalyst, yttrium alloy catalyst, ruthenium alloy catalyst, or rhodium alloy catalyst.
Example 5:
further, on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, the structure of the catalyst 116 includes at least one of: core-shell structures, branch-like structures, nanowire structures, intermetallic structures, network structures, star-like structures, and nanoparticle structures.
In this embodiment, the structure of the catalyst 116 may be one or more of a core-shell structure, a branch-like structure, a nanowire structure, an intermetallic structure, a network structure, a star-like structure, or a nanoparticle structure.
Example 6:
further, on the basis of any one of embodiment 1 to embodiment 5, a catalyst 116 is attached to the carrier 114.
In this embodiment, the catalyst 116 is attached to the carrier 114, and thus the catalyst 116 may be formed in a spaced arrangement so that the oxygen and hydrogen have sufficient reaction space.
Example 7:
further, the carrier 114 includes a carbon carrier on the basis of any one of embodiment 1 to embodiment 6.
In this embodiment, the carrier 114 includes a carbon carrier, which is high in stability, avoids affecting the reaction of the cathode, and is good in the combination of both the carbon carrier and the fluorinated carbon nanotube.
Example 8:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the electrode 100 provided by the present application adds a superhydrophobic carbon fluoride nanotube material into the catalytic layer 110 to provide a gas transmission channel, and can effectively drain water generated by the reaction, so as to solve the flooding problem of the proton exchange membrane 200 fuel cell from the catalytic structure design.
The carbon fluoride nanotubes provide directional and efficient transport channels for gas transport, and the catalytic layer 110 also has macroscopic hydrophobicity, so that generated water can be timely removed, and the efficiency of the fuel cell under high current density is increased.
In particular, carbon fluoride nanotubes of different wall thicknesses and lengths may be selected depending on the structure and size of the catalyst 116. Wherein, the catalyst 116 and the carrier 114 can be selected from platinum carbon (Pt/C) catalysts 116 and carriers 114 with different structures, platinum alloy/carbon (Pt alloy/C) catalysts 116 and carriers 114, the structures can be selected from one or more of core-shell structures, branch-shaped structures, nanowires, intermetallic structures, net structures, star-shaped structures, nanoparticle structures and the like, the fluorinated carbon nano-tube can be selected from single-wall and multi-arm, and the length can be selected from 5nm to 1000 nm.
The carbon fluoride nano tube is added into the catalyst 116 slurry and uniformly dispersed with the catalyst 116, and a uniform waterproof and breathable structure is constructed in the electrode preparation, so that the fuel cell is prevented from flooding under high current density. The hydrophobic and breathable structure constructed by the carbon fluoride nano tube can be applied to the preparation of fuel cells and catalyst 116 layers.
The application simplifies the water management system of the fuel cell through the design of the internal structure, and can simplify the control strategy and improve the stability and durability of the fuel cell. The structural design of the catalytic layer 110 solves the fuel cell flooding problem, especially at high current densities.
Example 9:
the present application provides a battery comprising: a proton exchange membrane 200; as with the electrode 100 provided in any of the embodiments described above, the catalytic layer 110 in the electrode 100 faces the proton exchange membrane 200.
The battery provided by the application, because of comprising the electrode 100 provided in any of the embodiments described above, has all the advantageous effects of the electrode 100 provided in any of the embodiments described above that are not stated herein. Wherein the cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the present application provides a comparison of polarization curves of the battery and the related art 1 and the related art 2, wherein the catalytic layer 110 in the related art 1 has only the catalyst 116 and the support 114, and the catalytic layer 110 in the related art 2 includes the catalyst 116, the support 114 and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In contrast, the battery provided by the application can provide higher current density.
Example 10:
the application provides a vehicle, comprising: a battery as provided in any one of the embodiments above.
The vehicle provided by the present application, because of comprising the electrode 100 provided in any of the above embodiments, has all the advantageous effects of the battery provided in any of the above embodiments not stated here.
In the present application, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" means two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; "coupled" may be directly coupled or indirectly coupled through intermediaries. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or units referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. An electrode, comprising:
a catalytic layer comprising doped hydrophobic nanotubes, a support, and a catalyst;
a diffusion layer provided on one side of the catalytic layer;
the length of the hydrophobic nano tube is in a value range of more than or equal to 5 nanometers and less than or equal to 1000 nanometers;
the catalysts are arranged at intervals;
the hydrophobic nanotubes are carbon fluoride nanotubes which can provide channels for the entry of oxygen and hydrogen;
the structure of the catalyst comprises at least one of the following components:
core-shell structures, branch-like structures, nanowire structures, intermetallic structures, network structures, star-like structures, and nanoparticle structures.
2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein,
the hydrophobic nanotubes are single-arm nanotubes and/or multi-arm nanotubes.
3. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein,
the catalyst comprises a platinum group catalyst and/or a platinum group alloy catalyst.
4. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein,
the catalyst is attached to the support.
5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein,
the support comprises a carbon support.
6. A battery, comprising:
a proton exchange membrane;
the electrode of any one of claims 1 to 5, the catalytic layer in the electrode facing the proton exchange membrane.
7. A vehicle, characterized by comprising:
the battery of claim 6.
CN202110718046.7A 2021-06-28 2021-06-28 Electrode, battery and vehicle Active CN113328102B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115939417A (en) * 2023-01-06 2023-04-07 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 Membrane electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101071874A (en) * 2007-06-06 2007-11-14 武汉理工大学 Fuel cell membrane electrode using polymer superbhort fiber as hydrophobic agent and its preparing method
CN107611452A (en) * 2017-08-15 2018-01-19 华南理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the membrane electrode containing three-dimensional hydrophobic cathode catalysis layer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7108773B2 (en) * 2002-09-11 2006-09-19 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Solids supporting mass transfer for fuel cells and other applications and solutions and methods for forming
CN109524674B (en) * 2017-09-19 2022-06-21 粟青青 Method for improving performance of cathode catalyst layer of membrane electrode of fuel cell

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101071874A (en) * 2007-06-06 2007-11-14 武汉理工大学 Fuel cell membrane electrode using polymer superbhort fiber as hydrophobic agent and its preparing method
CN107611452A (en) * 2017-08-15 2018-01-19 华南理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the membrane electrode containing three-dimensional hydrophobic cathode catalysis layer

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