CN113300093A - Omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna - Google Patents
Omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113300093A CN113300093A CN202110680896.2A CN202110680896A CN113300093A CN 113300093 A CN113300093 A CN 113300093A CN 202110680896 A CN202110680896 A CN 202110680896A CN 113300093 A CN113300093 A CN 113300093A
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- helical antenna
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The application discloses circular polarization radiation medium helical antenna of qxcomm technology includes: a dielectric helical structure; the medium spiral structure is provided with a spiral arm and a feed point, the length of the spiral arm is greater than one half of the wavelength of free space corresponding to the working frequency, and the feed point is arranged in the middle of the spiral arm; the spiral arm is made of a non-metal dielectric material with the dielectric constant of more than 50. The invention adopts the dielectric material with high dielectric constant to manufacture the spiral arm, thereby forming a slow wave structure, increasing the radiation caliber of the antenna during working and further improving the radiation resistance and impedance bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna.
Background
The traditional helical antenna is formed by winding a metal wire into a helical line along a cylindrical surface, a conical surface or a spherical surface with a certain diameter, and generally comprises a normal mode and an axial mode, wherein the different working modes depend on the electrical size of the helical antenna, and when the circumference of the helical line is less than a prefabricated threshold value of a wavelength, the direction with the strongest radiation is vertical to the helical axis, so that the helical line is called normal mode helix; when the circumference of the helix is of the order of one wavelength, the direction of the strongest radiation is in the same direction as the direction of the helix axis, and is called axial mode helix.
For a normal mode helical antenna, the directional pattern is approximately '8' in the plane where the helical axis is located, the maximum radiation is approximately circular in the plane perpendicular to the helical axis, and the maximum radiation direction can be circular polarization by adjusting the electrical size of the helical antenna. Most of the traditional normal mode helical antenna is made of metal materials with good conductivity, and the structure using pure media is few.
Most of the traditional omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna array is realized by superposing and combining a plurality of antenna units with circularly polarized characteristics, and the structure is complex; and the radiation resistance of the traditional metal normal mode helical antenna is low, and the impedance bandwidth after the traditional metal normal mode helical antenna is matched with a common 50-ohm coaxial line is extremely narrow and is usually less than 0.9 percent, so that the wide application of the circular polarization normal mode helical antenna is limited.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN111585017A discloses a normal mode helical antenna, which solves the technical problem that the conventional normal mode helical antenna has a very narrow impedance bandwidth after being matched with a common 50 Ω coaxial line due to low radiation resistance, thereby limiting the wide use of the normal mode helical antenna. However, the radiation resistance of the mode helical antenna increases in a leaping manner with the increase of the number of helical sections, an impedance matching line is still needed to match with the 50 Ω coaxial line, and the bandwidth after matching is less than 3%, so that the problem of extremely narrow impedance bandwidth still exists. .
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna which is used for solving the technical problems of low radiation resistance and narrow impedance bandwidth.
In view of the above, the present application provides an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna, comprising: a dielectric helical structure; the medium spiral structure is provided with a spiral arm and a feed point, the length of the spiral arm is greater than one half of the wavelength of free space corresponding to the working frequency, and the feed point is arranged in the middle of the spiral arm;
the spiral arm is made of a non-metal dielectric material with the dielectric constant of more than 50.
Further, the cross-sectional structure of the spiral arm is rectangular, circular or prismatic.
Further, the dielectric constant of the non-metal dielectric material is 78.
Further, the non-metal medium material is specifically ceramic or liquid.
Furthermore, the spiral arm forms a plurality of circles of spiral line segments in a winding mode.
Further, the helical diameter of the plurality of turns of helical line segments is different.
Further, the spiral diameters of the plurality of spiral line sections are the same.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna provided by the invention forms a helical structure in a normal phase mode, and the helical arm is made of a medium material with a high dielectric constant, so that a slow wave structure can be formed, the radiation aperture of the antenna in operation is increased, and the radiation resistance and the impedance bandwidth are further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a reflection coefficient diagram of an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is an axial ratio graph of an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a directional diagram of an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation dielectric helical antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
At present, most of the traditional omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna array is realized by superposing and combining a plurality of antenna units with circular polarization characteristics, and the structure is complex; and the traditional metal normal mode helical antenna has low radiation resistance, the impedance bandwidth after being matched with a common 50-ohm coaxial line is extremely narrow, and the extra loss brought by a matching circuit reduces the antenna efficiency, thereby limiting the wide application of the circular polarization normal mode helical antenna.
In the prior art, chinese patent application with publication number CN111585017A discloses a normal mode helical antenna, which solves the technical problem that the conventional normal mode helical antenna has a very narrow impedance bandwidth after being matched with a common 50 Ω coaxial line due to low radiation resistance, thereby limiting the wide use of the normal mode helical antenna. However, the radiation resistance of the mode helical antenna increases in a leaping manner with the increase of the number of helical sections, an impedance matching line is still needed to match with the 50 Ω coaxial line, and the bandwidth after matching is less than 3%, so that the problem of extremely narrow impedance bandwidth still exists.
To this end, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna, comprising: a dielectric helical structure; the dielectric spiral structure is provided with a spiral arm 100 and a feed point 200, the length of the spiral arm 100 is greater than one half of the free space wavelength corresponding to the working frequency, and the feed point 200 is arranged in the middle of the spiral arm 100;
the spiral arm 100 is made of a non-metal dielectric material with a dielectric constant of more than 50.
It should be noted that the length of the spiral arm 100 is set to be greater than one-half of the free-space wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, so that the dielectric spiral structure forms a spiral structure in a phase mode. Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, the feeding point 200 is excited in a differential feeding manner at the middle position of the spiral structure.
The inventor finds that, a normal mode helical antenna in the above prior art is generally 3/2 wavelength or 5/2 wavelength of the operating frequency, and adopts a metal structure, and the metal surface current is made to be in the same direction by setting the structure inversion, so that the electric field generated by the metal surface current in the far field is stronger than that of a 1/2 λ length (half wavelength) metal helix of the operating frequency, thereby improving the radiation resistance.
The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna provided by the invention adopts the dielectric material with high dielectric constant (more than 50) to manufacture the helical arm 100, when the omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna works, no current flows on the surface of the helical arm 100, but the high dielectric constant dielectric material is utilized to restrict an electromagnetic field, so that an open type waveguide structure is formed, and a slow wave structure is finally formed due to the tight coupling among the helical arms 100, so that the size of the waveguide wavelength of the medium helical antenna is not reduced but enlarged due to the existence of the dielectric material.
It should be noted that, in the general example, a structure with a dielectric material is adopted, the waveguide wavelength is inversely related to the dielectric constant, while the size of the waveguide wavelength of the dielectric helical antenna in the present invention does not decrease with the increase of the dielectric constant. It is easy to conclude that, compared with the metal spiral arm 100, the spiral arm 100 made of the dielectric material with high dielectric constant of the present invention has the actual physical radiation aperture of the medium spiral arm 100 far larger than the physical radiation aperture of the metal spiral arm 100 when both work at half wavelength of the working frequency, so that the radiation resistance and the impedance bandwidth are higher.
Meanwhile, the radiation resistance of the omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna provided by the invention can be continuously adjusted, and the adjustment range can be 35-55 ohms, so that the omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna can be preferably adjusted to be close to 50 ohms and then directly matched with a feed port with the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
In the millimeter wave and higher frequency band, the conduction loss of the metal spiral arm 100 increases sharply, and the dielectric spiral arm 100 does not cause the conduction loss to increase sharply.
In addition, the dielectric material with high dielectric constant can reduce the diameter of the spiral arm 100, that is, the spiral arm 100 with smaller diameter is made of the dielectric material with high dielectric constant, so that the bound electromagnetic wave is easily conducted along the spiral, and conversely, the dielectric material with low dielectric constant needs the spiral arm 100 with thicker diameter to bind the electromagnetic wave with the same frequency. Meanwhile, a slow wave structure can be formed by adopting a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant, so that the radiation aperture of the antenna during operation is increased, and further, the radiation resistance and the impedance bandwidth are improved.
In summary, the present invention provides an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna, which forms a helical structure in a normal phase mode, and the helical arm 100 is made of a high dielectric constant medium material, so as to form a slow wave structure, increase the radiation aperture of the antenna during operation, and further improve the radiation resistance and impedance bandwidth after matching.
Further, the cross-sectional structure of the spiral arm 100 is rectangular, circular or prismatic.
Further, the dielectric constant of the non-metal dielectric material is 78.
Further, the non-metal medium material is specifically ceramic or liquid.
Further, the spiral arm 100 forms a plurality of spiral segments by winding.
It should be noted that the spiral line segments of adjacent turns have opposite directions of rotation.
Further, the helical diameter of the plurality of turns of helical line segments is different.
Further, the spiral diameters of the plurality of spiral line sections are the same.
For verifying the characteristics of the spiral antenna with omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium provided by the present invention, please refer to fig. 2 to 4.
Wherein, fig. 2 shows a reflection coefficient diagram in the simulation result of the antenna, a spiral arm is made of a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 78, fig. 2 reflects the magnitude of the feed energy of the antenna provided by the present invention reflected to the source at the antenna port, and the smaller the | S11| is, the smaller the reflection coefficient is, and the more the energy is radiated, wherein, with-10 dB as the boundary, the frequency interval smaller than-10 dB is considered as the working frequency band, which is easily obtained from fig. 2, the antenna is well matched with the 50 ohm feed port, generally the frequency interval | S11| < -10dB is considered as the working frequency band, as shown in fig. 2, the working frequency band of the simulated dielectric antenna is approximately 0.97 to 1.04GHz, the difference between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the working frequency band obtains the absolute bandwidth of the antenna, and the ratio of the absolute bandwidth to the central frequency 1GHz is the relative bandwidth, thus, the bandwidth of the antenna is greater than 6%.
Fig. 3 illustrates an axial ratio curve of the antenna provided by the present invention, where the axial ratio reflects circular polarization performance, and generally less than 3dB is considered to satisfy circular polarization, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the axial ratios of the antenna provided by the present invention are all less than 3dB within 360 degrees of the horizontal plane, which indicates that the antenna has a horizontal omnidirectional circular polarization characteristic.
Fig. 4 illustrates a directional diagram of the antenna provided by the present invention, which reflects the size distribution of radiated energy at different angles in space, where in fig. 4, the recessed position illustrates that the radiation energy at the angle is smaller, and the projected position illustrates that the radiation energy is larger, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the antenna directional diagram provided by the present invention has better roundness.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. An omnidirectional circularly polarized radiating dielectric helical antenna, comprising: a dielectric helical structure; the medium spiral structure is provided with a spiral arm and a feed point, the length of the spiral arm is greater than one half of the wavelength of free space corresponding to the working frequency, and the feed point is arranged in the middle of the spiral arm;
the spiral arm is made of a non-metal dielectric material with the dielectric constant of more than 50.
2. The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiating dielectric helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional configuration of the helical arm is rectangular, circular, or prismatic.
3. The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiating dielectric helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric constant of the non-metallic dielectric material is 78.
4. The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation dielectric helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic dielectric material is in particular a ceramic or a liquid.
5. The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiating dielectric helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the helical arm forms a plurality of helical turns by being wound.
6. The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation dielectric helical antenna of claim 5, wherein the helical diameters of the plurality of helical turns differ.
7. The omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation dielectric helical antenna of claim 5, wherein the helical diameters of the plurality of helical turns are the same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110680896.2A CN113300093A (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110680896.2A CN113300093A (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113300093A true CN113300093A (en) | 2021-08-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110680896.2A Pending CN113300093A (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | Omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium helical antenna |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0043591A1 (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1982-01-13 | Corum, James f. | Antenna |
| CN109411879A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-03-01 | 南京理工大学 | Ceramic screw antenna based on three-dimensional printing technology |
| CN111585017A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 广东工业大学 | Normal mode helical antenna |
-
2021
- 2021-06-18 CN CN202110680896.2A patent/CN113300093A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0043591A1 (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1982-01-13 | Corum, James f. | Antenna |
| CN109411879A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-03-01 | 南京理工大学 | Ceramic screw antenna based on three-dimensional printing technology |
| CN111585017A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 广东工业大学 | Normal mode helical antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ZHEN REN等: "Wideband water helical antenna of circular polarization", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
| 熊谊凡: "全向圆极化天线小型化与宽带设计", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210824 |