CN113293619A - 一种吸湿发热整理剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种吸湿发热整理剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种吸湿发热整理剂的制备及在纺织品上的应用,该整理剂包括助湿成膜剂20‑30份、吸湿剂5‑10份、粘合剂10‑20份、柔软剂20‑30份,余量为水;其制备方法为:制备吸湿剂、助湿成膜剂,将吸湿剂、助湿成膜剂、粘合剂、柔软剂、水混合,然后搅拌分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂;本发明将所制备的整理剂可以在纺织品表面形成亲水多孔膜,提升了纺织品的吸湿发热能力,改善了纺织品的二次乃至多次吸湿发热效果,对于吸湿发热纺织品的应用有较大意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品功能助剂技术领域,涉及一种吸湿发热整理剂、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
吸湿发热面料作为功能性纺织品中的一种,可以通过吸收人体皮肤产生的水蒸气从而提供热量,其发热机理目前还没有明确的解释,比较流行的说法主要有两种:一是空气中的水蒸气在面料上液化放热;二是动态水分子吸附到面料上转为静态,根据能量守恒定律动能转化为内能放热。基于上述可知面料对水分子的亲和能力对其吸湿发热性能有着决定性的影响。
目前市场上已有多种吸湿发热相关的产品,其制备方式主要有两种,一种是通过对纤维进行改性得到高回潮率的纤维,例如上海正家E-HOT纤维、洁宜康舒热丝TM纤维、邦特Warmtouch纤维、东丽Softwarm纤维等;另一种是通过后整理的方式赋予面料吸湿发热效果。不论哪种制备方式,都主要是通过提高面料的亲水性来改善其吸湿发热效果,而单一改善面料亲水性由于未考虑面料的放湿性,使得所制备的吸湿发热面料二次乃至多次发热效果不佳。
强吸水材料包括高吸水树脂以及一些天然高分子物质,这些材料具有适度交联的网状结构和吸水官能团(-COONa,-SO3Na,-CONH2,-CH2-NH2,-CH2-OH等)。超强吸水材料由于其强吸水性在纺织领域被广泛应用,专利CN104480712B《一种回潮整理剂及其在纺织品上的整理工艺》利用丙烯酸系树脂及天然超强吸水材料的强吸湿性提高了纺织品的回潮率;专利CN108866778A《一种吸湿发热效果好的易热宝纤维织物及其制作方法》以丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺及丙烯酸为单体制备了一种具有高吸湿性能吸湿发热纤维;专利CN110512425A《一种功能性纺织品及其制备方法》以聚丙烯酸树脂作为整理剂制备了一种具有吸湿发热功能的面料;专利CN111270416A《一种高白度高吸水无纺布及其制备方法》利用聚丙烯酸钠树脂制备了一种高吸水无纺布,专利CN109505122A《一种耐久发热整理剂》虽然公开了一种采用对水分子有极强亲和力的多元醇为发热基质、环糊精为负载基质进行制备耐久发热整理剂,但本方案中所采用的环糊精不具备多孔性,导致负载基质散湿性差、发热基质负载率低,所制备整理剂的吸湿发热效果有待提升。
强吸水材料可以很好的提升面料对水分子的亲和能力,进而改善面料的吸湿发热效果,但是由于其还具有强保水性,不利于吸湿饱和面料的放湿,通过单一强吸水材料所整理的吸湿发热面料实际使用效果不佳,在重复吸湿放热的情况下,无法及时将饱和面料放湿而导致后续的吸湿放热功能大幅减弱。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明针对现有技术中存在的单一强吸水材料所整理的吸湿发热面料不利于多次吸湿放热的问题,提供一种多孔性、吸湿发热效果好且可多次重使用的吸湿发热整理剂;还提供了上述吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法。
技术方案:本发明的所述的吸湿发热整理剂,一种吸湿发热整理剂,按质量份计包括以下原料:助湿成膜剂20-30份、吸湿剂5-10份、粘合剂10-20份、柔软剂20-30份,余量为水。
其中,所述的吸湿剂包括超强吸水剂和多孔材料,所述超强吸水剂和多孔材料的质量比为(1:6)-(6:1),优选为1:1。
所述超强吸水剂包括聚丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸-乙烯醇共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酰胺、淀粉-丙烯酸盐共聚物、海藻酸钠中的一种或几种,所述多孔材料为沸石、多孔氧化铝、多孔碳化硅、介孔二氧化硅、浮石、堇青石、多孔状环糊精中的一种或几种。
所述助湿成膜剂为硅溶胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物,硅溶胶与聚乙烯醇的质量比为(1:6)-(1:10),优选为1:10;硅溶胶质量分数为20-50%,优选为30%;溶胶pH为7.5-9,优选为8。
本发明公开了所述的吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将超强吸水剂加入水中,通过搅拌、溶胀得到混合物A;
(2)将多孔材料加入到混合物A中,超声分散,得到混合物B;
(3)将混合物B静置,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入真空干燥箱进行干燥,得到吸湿剂;
(4)将硅溶胶与聚乙烯醇混合,制得助湿成膜剂;将助湿成膜剂与步骤(3)所制得的吸湿剂、粘合剂、柔软剂、水按质量份数混合,均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中,将超强吸水剂加入水中,通过搅拌、溶胀、再搅拌得到混合物A;超强吸水剂与水的混合比例为(1:15)-(1:89);步骤(2)中多孔材料与混合物A的优选比例为(1:15)-(1:96),超声分散的温度为40-60℃,时间至少为1h,优选温度为50℃,优选时间为2h;步骤(3)中干燥温度为60-80℃,时间至少为2h,优选温度为70℃,优选时间为3h。
本发明还公开了所述的吸湿发热整理剂在纺织品后整理中的应用。
其中吸湿发热整理剂在纺织品后整理中的应用整理工艺包括以下步骤:将所述的吸湿发热整理剂配置为工作液,通过浸轧处理、预烘、固化烘干后,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
优选的,所述的工作液中吸湿发热整理剂的浓度为50-80g/L,预烘温度为100-120℃,预烘时间为3-5min,固化温度为145-160℃,固化时间为40-90s。
进一步的,所述吸湿发热整理剂在使用前进行制备,制备完成与将其配置成工作液的时间间隔不大于6h;配置工作液与工作液使用的时间间隔不大于1h。
本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂,采用助湿成膜剂结合吸湿剂,通过将超强吸水剂负载到多孔材料上制备成为吸湿剂、再将其分散到助湿成膜剂的溶胶体系中,得到一种具有吸湿发热功能的助剂,并将该助剂应用到纺织品上。为了改善该发明所制备的吸湿发热助剂整理后面料的耐洗性及手感,在吸湿发热整理剂中添加了一定量的粘合剂与柔软剂。其中,多孔材料比表面积大、孔隙度高、孔隙中易发生单分子或多分子层的物理性吸附的特点为面料提供了更多的水分子结合位点,提升了面料的吸湿发热效果;硅溶胶易于成膜的特点同样为面料提供了多孔性。孔隙的存在不但提升了吸湿发热面料的保暖性,还增强了吸湿发热面料的调湿能力,有助于面料的二次乃至多次发热。
超强吸水剂分子链上有非常多的活性剂基团(-COOH,-OH,-NH2,Na+等),对水分子有极强的亲和力,但是由于其特殊的分子结构,其散湿性能较差,不利于面料的二次乃至多次发热。为此本发明通过超声的方式将超强吸水剂负载到多孔材料上,一方面利用多孔材料的大比表面积增强吸湿饱和面料在低湿环境下的散湿能力;另一方面利用多孔材料的多孔特性降低吸湿发热面料的热散湿。硅溶胶是一种二氧化硅纳米粒子的水分散液,聚乙烯醇能使硅溶胶具有网状结构,易于成膜。在高温作用下,硅溶胶薄膜可以由致密结构转化为均匀的纳米多孔结构。通过对整理后的面料先低温预烘、再高温固化的工艺促进了硅溶胶薄膜的稳定性,使其不易于干裂。所制备的具有多孔结构的无定形二氧化硅,表面有许多Si-OH,对水分子具有很强的吸附力,吸湿快、吸湿量大,且吸湿过程可逆。
超声的目的在于一是使得超强吸水剂充分吸收水;二是使得超强吸水剂充分填充到多孔材料的孔隙中。然后将经超强吸水剂填充后的多孔材料粉体进行真空干燥,使得多孔材料恢复多孔性。由于长时间的超声与真空干燥,使得本发明制备的吸湿剂在二次乃至多次分散过程中所吸收的水份始终处于未饱和状态,保持了多孔材料的多孔性。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:
(1)本发明的吸湿发热整理剂,采用助湿成膜剂结合吸湿剂,将超强吸水剂负载到多孔材料上制备出吸湿剂、再将其分散到助湿成膜剂的溶胶体系中,添加粘合剂、柔软剂提升耐洗性和手感,得到一种具有吸湿发热功能的助剂,通过吸湿剂协同聚乙烯醇使硅溶胶转化为网状结构,达到增效超强吸水剂分子链上的亲水分子活性基团的吸湿效果,吸湿快、吸湿量大,且吸湿过程可逆;
(2)本发明所述的吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法,易于操作,无需高温高压即可达到制备出所述整理剂,产物得率高;
(3)本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂应用在纺织品后整理中,工艺简便,能极好的提升面料的吸湿发热效果;面料30min内最大温升为8.7℃,经水洗后仍能达到8.2℃的最大升温,且平均升温远高于对比例,本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂整理后的面料具有优异的吸湿发热效果及耐洗性。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
所述实施例中所采用的粘合剂为聚氨酯类粘合剂,购入自上海洁宜康化工科技有限公司,型号为JYK FIX-DI;所采用的柔软剂为氨基硅油柔软剂,购入自江南纺织材料有限公司和广东三兴高新材料科技有限公司,型号分别为JF-1607-3柔软剂和SX8038柔软剂。
实施例1
本实施例所用吸湿剂制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将2份聚丙烯钠加入到96份去离子水中,通过搅拌-溶胀-搅拌操作得到混合物A;
步骤2:将2份堇青石加入到混合物A中,50℃下超声分散2h,得到混合物B;
步骤3:将混合物B静置,使得堇青石粉体充分沉降,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入70℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h,得到吸湿剂。
本实施例所用助湿成膜剂为1份硅溶胶与8份聚乙烯醇的混合物,硅溶胶质量分数为30%,pH为9。
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法为:将25份助湿成膜剂、8份吸湿剂、15份粘合剂、25份柔软剂、27份去离子水混合,通过机械搅拌使其均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
将所述的吸湿发热整理剂加水配置为70g/L工作液,对(40/60)40S腈纶粘胶面料进行浸轧处理。浸轧处理后的面料表面水分通常以三种形式存在,一种是自由水,在加热到110℃左右可完全脱附;另一种是吸附水,在加热到150℃左右可脱附;最后是结构水,需要加热到400℃以上才能脱附。本发明通过110℃预烘4min、155℃固化60s,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
实施例2
本实施例所用吸湿剂制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将6份淀粉-丙烯酸盐共聚物加入到90份去离子水中,通过搅拌-溶胀-搅拌操作得到混合物A;
步骤2:将1份多孔氧化铝加入到混合物A中,60℃下超声分散3h,得到混合物B;
步骤3:将混合物B静置,使得多孔氧化铝粉体充分沉降,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入80℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h,得到吸湿剂。
本实施例所用助湿成膜剂为1份硅溶胶与6份聚乙烯醇的混合物,硅溶胶质量分数为50%,pH为9。
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法为:将20份助湿成膜剂、5份吸湿剂、10份粘合剂、20份柔软剂、45份去离子水混合,通过机械搅拌使其均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
将所述的吸湿发热整理剂加水配置为80g/L工作液,对(40/60)40S腈纶粘胶面料进行浸轧处理,通过100℃预烘5min、145℃固化90s,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
实施例3
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂中吸湿剂制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将1份海藻酸钠加入到89份去离子水中,通过搅拌-溶胀-搅拌操作得到混合物A;
步骤2:将6份沸石加入到混合物A中,40℃下超声分散1h,得到混合物B;
步骤3:将混合物B静置,使得沸石粉体充分沉降,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入60℃真空干燥箱中干燥2h,得到吸湿剂。
本实施例所用助湿成膜剂为1份硅溶胶与10聚乙烯醇的混合物,硅溶胶质量分数为20%,pH为7.5。
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法为:将30份助湿成膜剂、10份吸湿剂、20份粘合剂、30份柔软剂、10份去离子水混合,通过机械搅拌使其均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
将所述的吸湿发热整理剂加水配置为50g/L工作液,对(40/60)40S腈纶粘胶面料进行浸轧处理,通过120℃预烘3min、160℃固化40s,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
对比例1
在实施例1的基础上,吸湿发热整理剂中吸湿剂制备方法为:
步骤1:将2份聚丙烯酸钠与2份堇青石加入到96份去离子水中,然后在50℃恒温水浴锅中机械搅拌2h得到混合物A;
步骤2:将混合物A静置,使得堇青石粉体充分沉降,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入70℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h,得到吸湿剂。
对比例2
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法为:将2份聚丙烯酸钠、15份粘合剂、25份柔软剂、58份去离子水混合,通过机械搅拌使其均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
将所述的吸湿发热整理剂配置为70g/L工作液,对(40/60)40S腈纶粘胶面料进行浸轧处理。通过110℃预烘4min、155℃固化60s,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
对比例3
在实施例1的基础上,本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法为:将8份吸湿剂、15份粘合剂、25份柔软剂、52份去离子水混合,通过机械搅拌使其均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
对比例4
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂中吸湿剂制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将2份聚丙烯钠加入到96份去离子水中,通过搅拌-溶胀-搅拌操作得到混合物A;
步骤2:将2份堇青石加入到混合物A中,50℃下超声分散2h,得到混合物B;
步骤3:将混合物B静置,使得堇青石粉体充分沉降,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入70℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h,得到吸湿剂。
本实施例所用助湿成膜剂为硅溶胶,其质量分数为30%,pH为8。
本实施例所用吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法为:将25份助湿成膜剂、8份吸湿剂、15份粘合剂、25份柔软剂、27份去离子水混合,通过机械搅拌使其均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
将所述的吸湿发热整理剂配置为70g/L工作液,对(40/60)40S腈纶粘胶面料进行浸轧处理。在110℃烘箱中干燥4min,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
本发明参考标准GB/T 8629-2017《纺织品试验用家庭洗涤和干燥程序》对整理后的面料进行5次洗涤试验。
本发明参考标准GB/T 29866-2013《纺织品-吸湿发热性能试验方法》中的方法对洗涤前后的面料进行吸湿发热性能测试。
表1为实施例1-3与对比例1-4吸湿发热测试结果,其中面料30min内最大温升记为ΔTmax,平均温升记为ΔT平均。
表1、实施例1-3与对比例1-4吸湿发热测试结果
从实施例1~3测试结果可知,有本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂整理后的面料具有优异的吸湿发热效果及耐洗性;对比例1与实施例1相比,未采用超声工艺,而是采用机械搅拌工艺,导致多孔材料中超吸水材料未充分填充,所制备的吸湿剂吸湿性较差,进而使得面料的吸湿发热效果不如实施例1;对比例2与实施例1相比,未添加多孔材料及助湿成膜剂,其所制备面料的平均温升大幅降低,导致了差的保暖性;对比例3与对比例1相比,未添加助湿成膜剂,导致其所制备的吸湿发热面料最大温升与平均温升大幅降低;与实施例1相比,由于对比例4中吸湿发热整理剂未添加聚乙烯醇,且未对浸轧后的面料采用固化工艺,所制备的吸湿发热面料成膜性差,导致其耐洗性差。
为了评价吸湿发热面料的二次乃至多次发热效果,设计如下实验方案:
步骤1:将整理后的面料放置在恒温恒湿箱中12h,使其充分吸湿。箱内温度为(20±0.5)℃,相对湿度为(90±3)%;
步骤2:将充分吸湿后的面料放置在恒温恒湿箱中2h,使其进行放湿。箱内温度为(20±0.5)℃,相对湿度为(40±3)%;
步骤3:将步骤2中放湿后的面料放置在恒温恒湿箱进行测试,测试方法参考标准GB/T 29866-2013《纺织品-吸湿发热性能试验方法》,得到面料30min内最大温升值及平均温升值。箱内温度为(20±0.5)℃,相对湿度为(90±3)%。
使用上述实验方案对实施例1-3及对比例1-4洗后面料进行测试。
表2、对实施例1-3及对比例1-4二次吸湿放热测试结果
如表2所示,从实施例1~3测试结果可知,由本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂整理后的面料具有优异的二次吸湿发热效果。
与实施例1相比,对比例1未采用超声工艺,而是采用机械搅拌工艺,导致多孔材料中超强吸水材料负载率低,所制备的吸湿剂吸湿性较差,进而使得面料的二次吸湿发热效果不如实施例1;
与实施例1相比,对比例2未添加多孔材料及助湿成膜剂、对比例3未添加助湿成膜剂、对比例4中吸湿发热整理剂未添加聚乙烯醇且未对浸轧后的面料采用固化工艺,导致3个对比例中所制备面料表面的亲水膜不具备多孔性,面料充分吸湿后放湿缓慢,最终致使面料二次吸湿发热效果不理想。
本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂,通过超声的方式将超强吸水剂负载到多孔材料上,一方面利用多孔材料的大比表面积增强吸湿饱和面料在低湿环境下的散湿能力;另一方面利用多孔材料的多孔特性降低吸湿发热面料的热散湿。同时,聚乙烯醇能使硅溶胶具有网状结构,易于成膜。在高温作用下,硅溶胶薄膜可以由致密结构转化为均匀的纳米多孔结构,协同硅溶胶转化的网状结构,达到增效超强吸水剂分子链上的亲水分子活性基团的吸湿效果,吸湿快、吸湿量大,且吸湿过程可逆;通过对整理后的面料先低温预烘、再高温固化的工艺促进了硅溶胶薄膜的稳定性,使其不易于干裂,所制备的具有多孔结构的无定形二氧化硅,表面有许多Si-OH;
在此过程中,超声一方面使得超强吸水剂充分吸收水;另一方面使得超强吸水剂充分填充到多孔材料的孔隙中,然后将经超强吸水剂填充后的多孔材料粉体进行真空干燥,使得多孔材料恢复多孔性。由于长时间的超声与真空干燥,使得本发明制备的吸湿剂在二次乃至多次分散过程中所吸收的水份始终处于未饱和状态,保持了多孔材料的多孔性。为了改善该发明所制备的吸湿发热助剂整理后面料的耐洗性及手感,在吸湿发热整理剂中添加了一定量的粘合剂与柔软剂。
本发明所制备的吸湿发热整理剂在对面料的后整理过程中,使面料具有优异的吸湿发热效果及耐洗性,面料的放湿性及保暖性极佳,面料在充分吸湿后能快速放湿缓,二次乃至多次吸湿发热仍能保持极好的效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸湿发热整理剂,其特征在于,按质量份计包括以下成分:助湿成膜剂20-30份、吸湿剂5-10份、粘合剂10-20份、柔软剂20-30份,余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿发热整理剂,其特征在于,所述的吸湿剂包括超强吸水剂和多孔材料,所述超强吸水剂包括聚丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸-乙烯醇共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酰胺、淀粉-丙烯酸盐共聚物、海藻酸钠中的一种或几种,所述多孔材料包括沸石、多孔氧化铝、多孔碳化硅、介孔二氧化硅、浮石、堇青石、多孔状环糊精中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸湿发热整理剂,其特征在于,所述超强吸水剂和多孔材料的质量比为1:6-6:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿发热整理剂,其特征在于,所述助湿成膜剂为硅溶胶与聚乙烯醇的混合物,所述硅溶胶与聚乙烯醇的质量比为1:6-1:10,硅溶胶的pH为7.5-9。
5.一种权利要求1所述的吸湿发热整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将超强吸水剂加入水中,通过搅拌、溶胀得到混合物A;
(2)将多孔材料加入到混合物A中,超声分散,得到混合物B;
(3)将混合物B静置,去除上清液,对沉降粉体进行水洗抽滤,放入真空干燥箱进行干燥,得到吸湿剂;
(4)将硅溶胶与聚乙烯醇混合,制得助湿成膜剂;将助湿成膜剂与步骤(3)所制得的吸湿剂、粘合剂、柔软剂、水按质量份数混合,均匀分散,得到吸湿发热整理剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,超强吸水剂与水的混合比例为1:15-1:89。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中多孔材料与混合物A的比例为1:15-1:96,超声分散的温度为40-60℃;步骤(3)中干燥温度为60-80℃。
8.一种权利要求1所述的吸湿发热整理剂在纺织品后整理工艺中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述整理工艺包括以下步骤:将所述的吸湿发热整理剂配置为工作液,通过浸轧处理、预烘、固化烘干后,得到具有吸湿发热功能的面料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的整理工艺,其特征在于:所述的工作液为浓度为50-80g/L的吸湿发热整理剂,预烘温度为100-120℃,预烘时间为3-5min,固化温度为145-160℃,固化时间为40-90s。
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