CN113290245A - Process for preparing metal-based ceramic composite material by secondary pressure application - Google Patents
Process for preparing metal-based ceramic composite material by secondary pressure application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113290245A CN113290245A CN202110570451.9A CN202110570451A CN113290245A CN 113290245 A CN113290245 A CN 113290245A CN 202110570451 A CN202110570451 A CN 202110570451A CN 113290245 A CN113290245 A CN 113290245A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressure application, which comprises a product forming die assembly, a sleeve die, a bottom plate, a press ejector rod, a workbench and a secondary pressure base plate, wherein the workbench is arranged on a press, the upper surface of the workbench is provided with the sleeve die in a matching way, the middle part of the sleeve die is provided with the bottom plate in a matching way, the product forming die assembly is placed above the bottom plate, the bottom surface of the bottom plate is abutted with the press ejector rod, the press ejector rod penetrates through the workbench, and the bottom plate and the product forming die assembly are controlled to move up and down in a cavity of the sleeve die by the lifting of the press ejector rod; powder is directly filled into a product forming die assembly, so that the preparation process of a prefabricated part is omitted; in the process of die-casting metal infiltration, secondary pressure is applied to the gradually solidified metal core part; the composite material prepared by the method has high compactness and low porosity, and the quality and the performance of the product are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation processes, in particular to a process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressure application.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and economy, a great deal of demands are made on lightweight, high thermal conductivity and low expansion materials, and the rapid development of metal matrix composite materials is promoted. The metal matrix composite material has both the metal performance and the nonmetal comprehensive performance, and is far superior to the base metal in the aspects of obdurability, wear resistance, heat dissipation and hardness and strength.
The main reason for preparing the metal matrix composite is to improve the heat conductivity and low expansion of the metal matrix composite, and to improve the tensile strength, proof stress, elastic modulus and heat resistance of the metal matrix composite. These properties can be adjusted in a number of ways, depending on the materials added and the content of the reinforcing component, and the matrix/reinforcing component compound used. The metal matrix composite material thus has good overall properties.
The particle reinforced metal matrix ceramic composite material has the characteristics of good thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion performance and low density, and can meet the requirements of modern electronic components on heat dissipation, packaging and welding, light weight and the like. The particle reinforced metal matrix ceramic composite material is considered as a new generation advanced composite material with the most development prospect in the 21 st century, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, electronic industry, military radars, rail transit and the like.
At present, the preparation process of the metal-based ceramic composite material is mainly divided into two major types, namely a solid phase process and a liquid phase process, wherein the solid phase process comprises a powder metallurgy method, a hot isostatic pressing method, a discharge plasma sintering method and the like, and the liquid phase process comprises a stirring fusion casting method, a non-pressure infiltration method, a pressure casting method and the like. The method has advantages and disadvantages, but if mass production needs to be considered, the die-casting forming technology is the best choice, the production efficiency is high, the method is suitable for forming parts with complex structures and high dimensional precision, and mass and low-cost manufacturing can be realized.
The traditional die-casting technology of the metal-based ceramic composite material is to prepare a prefabricated member of reinforcement particles, preheat the prefabricated member and a die together, press metal liquid into the prefabricated member under the action of a press, and then obtain a blank of the metal-based ceramic composite material through the steps of pressure maintaining, cooling, demoulding and the like. Although the process is efficient and simple, problems still exist in actual production, on one hand, a binder or a pore-forming agent needs to be added into the prepared prefabricated member, and the residue of the binder in the prefabricated member affects the performance of the composite material to a certain extent no matter the prefabricated member is prepared by a wet method (sintering after drying moisture) or prepared by a dry method (sintering after compression molding), and the problems of uneven mixing of the binder, cracking during drying, stress deformation during metal infiltration and the like are easy to occur. On the other hand, in the conventional die casting technology, die casting is usually performed in a state that the molten metal has a higher melting temperature, and when the high-temperature molten metal is in contact with the ceramic particles, a chemical reaction is generated to generate a bad compound which influences the performance and quality of the composite material. If a lower molten metal melting temperature is adopted, the generation of undesirable compounds can be greatly reduced, but in the metal infiltration process, because the heat of the molten metal can be absorbed greatly when the die is contacted with the pressure head, the molten metal contacted with the die is rapidly solidified, the solidified metal generates a certain supporting force on the pressure head, and the pressure exerted by the pressure head on the molten metal is greatly reduced. Because the temperature of the core part of the die is higher than that of the outside in the cooling process of the molten metal, the continuously reduced pressure hinders the infiltration effect of the molten metal in the gaps of the particles of the core part reinforcement, so that the density of each part of the composite material has larger difference, and particularly, the composite material of the core part is easy to have the defects of shrinkage porosity, air holes and the like in the cooling process due to insufficient pressure of the molten metal, thereby seriously affecting the performance and quality of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The applicant provides a process for preparing a metal-based ceramic composite material by secondary pressure application aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the temperature of metal liquid poured into a die set is strictly controlled, the metal liquid is enabled to permeate into ceramic particles in a molten or semi-solid solution state, adverse reaction of the metal liquid and the ceramic particles at high temperature is avoided, the quality of the composite material is effectively improved, meanwhile, a vacuumizing channel is additionally arranged at the bottom of the die set, negative pressure can be generated in gaps of the ceramic particles in the die-casting process, in addition, after the primary pressure maintaining, in order to avoid the problem of insufficient pressure maintaining of aluminum liquid in the center of a forming die, the infiltration rate of the aluminum liquid is greatly improved by adopting a secondary pressure application mode of a pad secondary pressure plate, and the metal liquid is more favorably and fully permeated into the gaps of the ceramic particles. The composite material prepared by the method has high compactness and low porosity, and the quality and the performance of the product are greatly improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a process for preparing metal-base ceramic composite material by secondary pressing comprises a product forming die assembly, a cover die, a bottom plate, a press ejector rod and a workbench,
the working table is installed on the press, the upper surface of the working table is provided with a sleeve die in a matching mode, the middle of the sleeve die is provided with a bottom plate in a matching mode, a product forming die assembly is placed above the bottom plate, the bottom surface of the bottom plate is connected with a press ejector rod in an abutting mode, the press ejector rod penetrates through the working table, and the bottom plate and the product forming die assembly are controlled to move up and down in a cavity of the sleeve die through the lifting of the press ejector rod;
the specific process steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: uniformly spraying a release agent on the inner wall of the cover die, the bottom plate and the upper surface of the ejector rod of the press;
the second step is that: mixing and fully stirring a plurality of ceramic reinforcement powder with different particle sizes to prepare powder to be filled;
the third step: all parts forming the product forming die assembly are disassembled, and a release agent is uniformly sprayed on the surface of each part;
the fourth step: assembling the parts of which the surfaces are uniformly coated with the release agent in the third step into a product forming die assembly;
the fifth step: filling the powder which is uniformly stirred in the second step into a cavity of an assembled product forming die assembly, vibrating and compacting;
and a sixth step: placing the product forming die assembly into a preheating furnace, preheating to the temperature of 500-;
the seventh step: a high-frequency heater is arranged outside the middle section of the sleeve mold, and the high-frequency heater is started to heat the middle section of the sleeve mold, wherein the heating temperature is about 200-500 ℃;
eighth step: lifting a mandril of the press and a bottom plate arranged on the top surface of the mandril, lifting the upper surface of the bottom plate to be higher than the upper surface of the cover die, and placing the preheated product forming die assembly on the upper surface of the bottom plate;
the ninth step: lowering a press ejector rod to enable the bottom plate and the product forming die assembly to be slowly placed into the sleeve die along the inner wall of the sleeve die and enable the bottom plate to be in contact with the upper surface of the workbench;
the tenth step: injecting the pretreated metal liquid into the inner cavity of the sleeve mold, controlling the pouring temperature of the metal liquid to be 100-200 ℃ above the melting point of the metal liquid, and submerging the product forming mold assembly by the metal liquid;
the eleventh step: the middle part of the bottom plate is provided with a central hole which is communicated with an air exhaust channel of a mandril of the press, when metal liquid is injected, a vacuum pump which is externally connected is started, and the interior of the product forming die assembly is vacuumized through a bottom air passage, so that negative pressure is generated in the product forming die assembly;
the twelfth step: starting a press, descending a pressure head to press into a sleeve die, applying pressure to the molten metal to enable the molten metal to infiltrate into gaps of the powder, maintaining the pressure for 3-7 minutes, and closing an externally connected vacuum pump;
the thirteenth step: after pressure maintaining, the temperature is reduced, the molten metal in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve mold is firstly changed into a solidified layer which is annular and forms reverse supporting force for a pressing head of a press, and the pressure of the pressing head on the central unset molten metal is reduced;
the fourteenth step is that: pressing down a press lifting button, lifting up a pressure head, immediately placing a secondary pressurizing plate on the central surface of the molten metal, immediately pressing down a press descending button, descending the pressure head, pressurizing the secondary pressurizing plate through the pressure head, thus secondarily applying higher pressure to the central part of the molten metal to enable the molten metal to be more fully infiltrated into the gaps of the powder, and secondarily maintaining the pressure for 5-12 minutes;
the fifteenth step: after the molten metal is solidified, the high-frequency heater is closed, the pressure head is withdrawn from the sleeve die and lifted to the original height;
sixteenth, step: lifting a press ejector rod to drive a bottom plate to eject a metal ingot containing a product forming die assembly out of a cavity of a sleeve die;
seventeenth step: and performing saw cutting and demoulding operation on the product forming die assembly, taking out a blank of the metal matrix ceramic composite material product, and machining the blank according to the product requirement to obtain the final product.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the secondary pressurizing plate is of a flat structure.
The secondary pressurizing plate is of a cuboid structure.
The outer diameter of the head part of the pressure head is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve die.
In the seventh step, the heating temperature of the high-frequency heater is 200 ℃ to 500 ℃.
The cover die is of a circular sleeve structure with the diameter of the base plate larger than that of the cylinder body.
The bottom of bottom plate is provided with first step, and the bottom of cover mould is opened there is the diameter to be less than top opening diameter, and bottom opening part is provided with the second step, first step and second step cooperation are blocked the bottom plate.
The ceramic reinforcement powder adopts diamond powder, silicon carbide powder or silicon powder.
The central hole is communicated with an air exhaust channel, the central hole is communicated with a gap of the product forming die assembly, and the air exhaust channel is connected with a vacuum pump through a pipeline.
The air exhaust channel is of a right-angle structure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation, and saves the preparation process of prefabricated parts by directly filling powder into the product forming die assembly; continuously heating the middle section of the outer part of the die sleeve at high frequency during die casting so as to regulate and control the temperature field of the die sleeve; the product forming die is heated and preheated, molten metal liquid is poured into the sleeve die during die-casting, so that the temperature of the metal liquid inside and outside the product forming die assembly is basically kept consistent in the die-casting process of the metal liquid, the pressure inside and outside the die is basically equal, and the pressure head secondarily applies pressure to the metal liquid in the sleeve die, thereby not only avoiding the deformation of the product forming die assembly and the influence on the size precision of a die-cast product in the die-casting process, but also avoiding the phenomenon that the temperature difference of each part of the product forming die is too large during die-casting, so that the infiltration pressure of the metal liquid is not uniform, and the performance quality of each part of the product is not consistent.
The invention aims at the key problems that in the process of die-casting metal, when a sleeve die and a pressure head contact high-temperature molten metal, a large amount of heat of the molten metal can be absorbed, the molten metal contacting with the die is rapidly solidified, the solidified metal generates a certain supporting force on the pressure head, and the pressure exerting effect of the pressure head on the molten metal is greatly reduced.
The invention adopts a mode of adding the secondary pressurizing plate for secondary pressure maintaining solidification after the first pressurizing, thereby well solving the problems.
The invention strictly controls the temperature of the metal liquid poured into the sleeve die, so that the metal liquid infiltrates into the ceramic particles in a molten or semi-solid solution state, avoids adverse reaction of the metal liquid and the ceramic particles (such as diamond) at high temperature, effectively improves the quality of the composite material, and simultaneously adds a vacuumizing channel at the bottom of the sleeve die, so that the gaps of the ceramic particles can generate negative pressure in the die-casting process. The composite material prepared by the method has high compactness and low porosity, and the quality and the performance of the product are greatly improved.
The invention not only simplifies the process of preparing the prefabricated member, avoids the problems of mold deformation, prefabricated member cracking, binder residue and the like, but also regulates and controls the temperature field and the solidification time of the molten metal by preheating the forming mold assembly before die casting and heating the die sleeve during die casting, ensures that the molten metal can uniformly permeate into gaps of ceramic particles in a molten state, and vacuumizes from the bottom of the mold during high-pressure die casting to ensure that the molten metal can smoothly permeate downwards, greatly improves the permeability of the molten metal, overcomes the pressure to avoid the pressure to be balanced by the solidified metal after primary pressure maintaining, and realizes the real isostatic pressure die casting by secondary pressurization.
The invention effectively realizes the control of defects in material die casting and effective exhaust, greatly improves the density, quality and performance of the composite material, can repeatedly utilize the die, and provides a new idea for the mass production of the metal-based ceramic composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the matching structure of the cover die and the ejector rod of the press.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a forming die after powder filling of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a seventh operation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an eighth operation step of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a ninth operation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tenth operation of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the eleventh operation of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a twelfth operation of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a fourteenth operation of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the sixteenth operation of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. powder material; 2. a product-forming die assembly; 3. a base plate; 4. sleeving a mold; 5. a mandril of the press; 6. a work table; 7. a molten metal; 8. an air extraction channel; 9. a pressure head; 10. a secondary compression plate; 11. a high-frequency heater; 12. a vacuum pump;
301. a central bore; 302. a first step;
401. a second step.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-10, the process for preparing the metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing of the embodiment comprises a product forming mold assembly 2, a cover mold 4, a bottom plate 3, a press ejector rod 5 and a workbench 6,
the working table 6 is arranged on the press, the upper surface of the working table 6 is provided with the sleeve die 4 in a matching way, the middle part of the sleeve die 4 is provided with the bottom plate 3 in a matching way, the product forming die assembly 2 is placed above the bottom plate 3, the bottom surface of the bottom plate 3 is abutted with the press ejector rod 5, the press ejector rod 5 penetrates through the working table 6, and the bottom plate 3 and the product forming die assembly 2 are controlled to move up and down in the cavity of the sleeve die 4 through the lifting of the press ejector rod 5;
the specific process steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: uniformly spraying a release agent on the inner wall of the cover die 4, the bottom plate 3 and the upper surface of the press ejector rod 5;
the second step is that: mixing and fully stirring a plurality of ceramic reinforcement powder with different particle sizes to prepare powder 1 to be filled;
the third step: all parts forming the product forming die assembly 2 are disassembled, and a release agent is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of all the parts;
the fourth step: assembling the parts of which the surfaces are uniformly coated with the release agent in the third step into a product forming die assembly 2;
the fifth step: filling the powder 1 which is uniformly stirred in the second step into a cavity of an assembled product forming die component 2, vibrating and compacting;
and a sixth step: placing the product forming mold assembly 2 into a preheating furnace, preheating to 500-;
the seventh step: a high-frequency heater 11 is arranged outside the middle section of the sleeve die 4, the high-frequency heater 11 is started, and the middle section of the sleeve die 4 is heated at the temperature of about 200-500 ℃;
eighth step: lifting a mandril 5 of a press and a bottom plate 3 arranged on the top surface of the mandril 5, lifting the upper surface of the bottom plate 3 to be higher than the upper surface of a sleeve mold 4, and placing a preheated product forming mold assembly 2 on the upper surface of the bottom plate 3;
the ninth step: the ejector rod 5 of the press is lowered, so that the bottom plate 3 and the product forming die assembly 2 are slowly placed into the sleeve die 4 along the inner wall of the sleeve die 4, and the bottom plate 3 is in contact with the upper surface of the workbench 6;
the tenth step: injecting the pretreated molten metal 7 into the inner cavity of the sleeve mold 4, controlling the pouring temperature of the molten metal 7 to be 100-200 ℃ above the melting point of the molten metal, and submerging the product forming mold assembly 2 by the molten metal 7;
the eleventh step: the middle part of the bottom plate 3 is provided with a central hole 301 which is communicated with an air exhaust channel 8 of a press ejector rod 5, when metal liquid 7 is injected, an externally connected vacuum pump 12 is started, and the interior of the product forming mold assembly 2 is vacuumized from a bottom air passage, so that negative pressure is generated in the product forming mold assembly 2;
the twelfth step: starting a press, descending a pressure head 9 to press into the sleeve die 4, applying pressure to the molten metal 7 to enable the molten metal 7 to be impregnated into the gaps of the powder 1, maintaining the pressure for 3-7 minutes, and closing an externally connected vacuum pump 12;
the thirteenth step: after pressure maintaining, the temperature is reduced, the molten metal in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve mold 4 is firstly changed into a solidified layer which is annular and forms reverse supporting force for a pressing head 9 of a press, and the pressure of the pressing head 9 to the central unset molten metal 7 is reduced;
the fourteenth step is that: pressing a press lifting button, lifting a pressure head 9, immediately placing a secondary pressure plate 10 on the central surface of the molten metal 7, immediately pressing a press descending button, descending the pressure head 9, pressurizing the secondary pressure plate 10 through the pressure head 9, thus secondarily applying higher pressure to the central part of the molten metal 7 to enable the molten metal 7 to be more fully infiltrated into the gap of the powder material 1, and secondarily maintaining the pressure for 5-12 minutes;
the fifteenth step: after the molten metal 7 is solidified, the high-frequency heater 11 is closed, the pressure head 9 is withdrawn from the cover die 4 and lifted to the original height;
sixteenth, step: the ejector rod 5 of the press rises to drive the bottom plate 3 to eject the metal ingot containing the product forming die assembly 2 out of the cavity of the sleeve die 4;
seventeenth step: and (3) performing saw cutting and demoulding operation on the product forming die assembly 2, taking out a blank of the metal matrix ceramic composite material product, and machining the blank according to the product requirement to obtain a final product.
The secondary compression plate 10 is of a flat structure.
The secondary pressing plate 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
The head external diameter of the pressure head 9 is matched with the internal diameter of the cover die 4.
In the seventh step, the heating temperature of the high-frequency heater 11 is 200 ℃ to 500 ℃.
The cover die 4 is a circular sleeve structure with a base plate diameter larger than the diameter of the cylinder body.
The bottom of bottom plate 3 is provided with first step 302, and the bottom of cover mould 4 is opened there is the diameter to be less than top opening diameter, and the bottom opening part is provided with second step 401, and first step 302 and second step 401 cooperate, block bottom plate 3.
The ceramic reinforcement powder adopts diamond powder, silicon carbide powder or silicon powder.
The central hole 301 is communicated with an air exhaust channel 8, the central hole 301 is communicated with the gap of the product forming die assembly 2, and the air exhaust channel 8 is connected with a vacuum pump 12 through a pipeline.
The air exhaust channel 8 is of a right-angle structure.
The area and thickness of the secondary compression plate 10 are determined by thermal simulation calculation.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the manufacturing process, a manufacturing tool is required to be used, and the specific structure of the invention is as follows:
the device mainly comprises a product forming die assembly 2, a cover die 4, a bottom plate 3, a pressure head 9, a secondary pressurizing plate 10 and the like.
The preheated product forming die assembly 2 is placed on a bottom plate 3 in a cavity of a sleeve die 4, the bottom plate 3 with the product forming die assembly 2 is placed on a workbench 6 in the cavity of the sleeve die 4, a sealing groove is formed between the sleeve die 4 and the workbench 6 and between a press ejector rod 5 and the workbench 6, sealing rings are placed for sealing, an air exhaust channel 8 is reserved in the press ejector rod 5, a central hole 301 communicated with the air exhaust channel 8 is formed in the middle of the bottom plate 3, and the press ejector rod 5 can push the bottom plate 3 to drive the product forming die assembly 2 to lift in the cavity of the sleeve die 4.
And molten metal 7 is poured into the cavity of the cover die 4.
The bottom plate 3 and the product forming die assembly 2 can move up and down in the cavity of the cover die 4 through the lifting of the ejector rod 5 of the press.
The cover die 4 is a circular sleeve structure with the diameter of the base plate larger than that of the cylinder body, and the diameter of the bottom opening is slightly smaller than that of the inner wall of the cavity.
The cover die 4 is a circular cylinder, the diameter of the bottom opening is smaller than that of the top opening, the bottom opening is provided with a second step 401, the bottom of the bottom plate 3 is provided with a first step 302, the first step 302 is matched with the second step 401, and the bottom plate 3 cannot slide downwards.
The inner wall of the cavity of the cover die 4 is provided with a slope of a small end and a large end in a certain height from the bottom of the product forming die assembly to the upper part of the product forming die assembly, and a vertical non-slope inner wall is arranged above the height till the upper end surface of the opening.
The process steps of the invention are as follows:
the first step is as follows: uniformly spraying a release agent on the inner wall of the cover die 4, the bottom plate 3 and the upper surface of the press ejector rod 5;
the second step is that: mixing and fully stirring a plurality of ceramic reinforcement powder with different particle sizes to prepare powder 1 to be filled;
the third step: all parts forming the product forming die assembly 2 are disassembled, and a release agent is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of all the parts;
the fourth step: assembling the parts of which the surfaces are uniformly coated with the release agent in the third step into a product forming die assembly 2;
the fifth step: filling the powder 1 which is uniformly stirred in the second step into a cavity of an assembled product forming die component 2, vibrating and compacting;
and a sixth step: placing the product forming mold assembly 2 into a preheating furnace, preheating to 500-;
the seventh step: a high-frequency heater 11 is arranged outside the middle section of the sleeve die 4, the high-frequency heater 11 is started, and the middle section of the sleeve die 4 is heated at the temperature of about 200-500 ℃;
eighth step: lifting a mandril 5 of a press and a bottom plate 3 arranged on the top surface of the mandril, lifting the upper surface of the bottom plate 3 to be higher than the upper surface of a sleeve mold 4, and placing a preheated product forming mold assembly 2 on the upper surface of the bottom plate 3;
the ninth step: the ejector rod 5 of the press is lowered, so that the bottom plate 3 and the product forming die assembly 2 are slowly placed into the sleeve die 4 along the inner wall of the sleeve die 4, and the bottom plate 3 is in contact with the upper surface of the workbench 6;
the tenth step: injecting the pretreated molten metal 7 into the inner cavity of the sleeve mold 4, controlling the pouring temperature of the molten metal 7 to be 100-200 ℃ above the melting point of the molten metal, and submerging the product forming mold assembly 2 by the molten metal 7;
the eleventh step: the middle part of the bottom plate 3 is provided with a central hole 301 which is communicated with an air exhaust channel 8 of a press ejector rod 5, when metal liquid 7 is injected, an externally connected vacuum pump 12 is started, and the interior of the product forming mold assembly 2 is vacuumized from a bottom air passage, so that negative pressure is generated in the product forming mold assembly 2;
the twelfth step: starting a press, descending a pressure head 9 to press into the sleeve die 4, applying pressure to the molten metal 7 to enable the molten metal 7 to be impregnated into the gaps of the powder 1, maintaining the pressure for 3-7 minutes, and closing an externally connected vacuum pump 12;
the thirteenth step: after pressure maintaining, the temperature is reduced, the molten metal in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve mold 4 is firstly changed into a solidified layer which is annular and forms reverse supporting force for a pressing head of a press, and the pressure of the pressing head 9 on the central unsolidified molten metal 7 is reduced;
the fourteenth step is that: pressing a press lifting button, lifting a pressure head 9, immediately placing a secondary pressure plate 10 on the central surface of the molten metal 7, immediately pressing a press descending button, descending the pressure head 9, pressurizing the secondary pressure plate 10 through the pressure head 9, thus secondarily applying higher pressure to the central part of the molten metal 7 to enable the molten metal 7 to be more fully infiltrated into the gap of the powder material 1, and secondarily maintaining the pressure for 5-12 minutes;
the fifteenth step: after the molten metal 7 is solidified, the high-frequency heater 11 is closed, the pressure head 9 is withdrawn from the cover die 4 and lifted to the original height;
sixteenth, step: the ejector rod 5 of the press rises to drive the bottom plate 3 to eject the metal ingot 7 containing the product forming die assembly 2 out of the cavity of the sleeve die 4;
seventeenth step: and (3) performing saw cutting and demoulding operation on the product forming die assembly 2, taking out a blank of the metal matrix ceramic composite material product, and machining the blank according to the product requirement to obtain a final product.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the second step, the ceramic reinforcement body powder is diamond powder, the preheating temperature in the sixth step is 500-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3h, and the rest is the same as that in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the ceramic reinforcement powder in the second step is silicon carbide powder, the preheating temperature in the sixth step is 600-700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4h, and the method is the same as that in the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the second step, the ceramic reinforcement body powder is silicon powder, the preheating temperature in the sixth step is 500-700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, and the method is the same as the first embodiment.
The method is simple to operate, the defects in the material die-casting are effectively controlled and effectively exhausted in a mode of pressurizing twice, and the density, quality and performance of the composite material are greatly improved.
The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, which may be modified in any manner within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressure application is characterized in that: the device comprises a product forming die assembly (2), a sleeve die (4), a bottom plate (3), a press ejector rod (5) and a workbench (6), wherein the workbench (6) is installed on a press, the sleeve die (4) is installed on the upper surface of the workbench (6) in a matched mode, the bottom plate (3) is matched in the middle of the sleeve die (4), the product forming die assembly (2) is placed above the bottom plate (3), the press ejector rod (5) is abutted to the bottom surface of the bottom plate (3), the press ejector rod (5) penetrates through the workbench (6), and the bottom plate (3) and the product forming die assembly (2) are controlled to move up and down in a cavity of the sleeve die (4) through the lifting of the press ejector rod (5);
the specific process steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: uniformly spraying a release agent on the inner wall of the cover die (4), the bottom plate (3) and the upper surface of the press ejector rod (5);
the second step is that: mixing and fully stirring a plurality of ceramic reinforcement powder with different particle sizes to prepare powder (1) to be filled;
the third step: all parts forming the product forming die assembly (2) are disassembled, and a release agent is uniformly sprayed on the surface of each part;
the fourth step: assembling the parts of which the surfaces are uniformly coated with the release agent in the third step into a product forming die assembly (2);
the fifth step: filling the uniformly stirred powder (1) in the second step into a cavity of an assembled product forming die assembly (2), vibrating and compacting;
and a sixth step: placing the product forming mold assembly (2) into a preheating furnace, preheating to 500-;
the seventh step: a high-frequency heater (11) is arranged outside the middle section of the sleeve die (4), the high-frequency heater (11) is started to heat the middle section of the sleeve die (4), and the heating temperature is about 200-500 ℃;
eighth step: lifting a press ejector rod (5) and a bottom plate (3) arranged on the top surface of the ejector rod (5), lifting the upper surface of the bottom plate (3) to be higher than the upper surface of a sleeve mold (4), and placing a preheated product forming mold assembly (2) on the upper surface of the bottom plate (3);
the ninth step: a press ejector rod (5) is lowered, so that the bottom plate (3) and the product forming die assembly (2) are slowly placed into the sleeve die (4) along the inner wall of the sleeve die (4), and the bottom plate (3) is in contact with the upper surface of the workbench (6);
the tenth step: injecting the pretreated molten metal (7) into the inner cavity of the cover die (4), controlling the pouring temperature of the molten metal (7) to be 100-200 ℃ above the melting point of the molten metal, and submerging the product forming die assembly (2) by the molten metal (7);
the eleventh step: the middle part of the bottom plate (3) is provided with a central hole (301) which is communicated with an air exhaust channel (8) of a press ejector rod (5), when metal liquid (7) is injected, a vacuum pump (12) which is externally connected is started, and the interior of the product forming mold assembly (2) is vacuumized from a bottom air passage, so that negative pressure is generated in the product forming mold assembly (2);
the twelfth step: starting a press, descending a pressure head (9) to press into a sleeve die (4), applying pressure to molten metal (7) to enable the molten metal (7) to be impregnated into the gaps of the powder (1), maintaining the pressure for 3-7 minutes, and closing an externally connected vacuum pump (12);
the thirteenth step: after pressure maintaining, the temperature is reduced, the molten metal in contact with the inner wall of the cover die (4) is firstly changed into a solidified layer which is annular and forms reverse supporting force for a press head (9) of a press, and the pressure of the press head (9) to the central unsolidified molten metal (7) is reduced;
the fourteenth step is that: pressing a press lifting button, lifting a pressure head (9), immediately placing a secondary pressurizing plate (10) on the central surface of molten metal (7), immediately pressing a press descending button, descending the pressure head (9), pressurizing the secondary pressurizing plate (10) through the pressure head (9), and thus applying higher pressure to the central part of the molten metal (7) for the second time to enable the molten metal (7) to be more fully infiltrated into the gaps of the powder material (1), and maintaining the pressure for the second time for 5-12 minutes;
the fifteenth step: after the molten metal (7) is solidified, the high-frequency heater (11) is closed, the pressure head (9) is withdrawn from the cover die (4) and lifted to the original height;
sixteenth, step: the ejector rod (5) of the press rises to drive the bottom plate (3) to eject the metal ingot containing the product forming die assembly (2) out of the cavity of the sleeve die (4);
seventeenth step: and (3) performing saw cutting and demoulding operation on the product forming die assembly (2), taking out a blank of the metal matrix ceramic composite material product, and machining the blank according to the product requirement to obtain a final product.
2. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the secondary pressurizing plate (10) is of a flat structure.
3. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the secondary pressurizing plate (10) is of a cuboid structure.
4. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the head part of the pressure head (9) is matched with the inner diameter of the cover die (4).
5. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: in the seventh step, the heating temperature of the high-frequency heater (11) is 200 ℃ to 500 ℃.
6. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the cover die (4) is of a circular sleeve structure with the diameter of the bottom plate larger than that of the cylinder body.
7. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of bottom plate (3) is provided with first step (302), and the bottom of cover mould (4) is opened there is the diameter to be less than top opening diameter, and bottom opening part is provided with second step (401), first step (302) and second step (401) cooperation are blocked bottom plate (3).
8. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the ceramic reinforcement powder adopts diamond powder, silicon carbide powder or silicon powder.
9. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 1, wherein: the central hole (301) is communicated with an air exhaust channel (8), the central hole (301) is communicated with a gap of the product forming die assembly (2), and the air exhaust channel (8) is connected with a vacuum pump (12) through a pipeline.
10. The process for preparing a metal matrix ceramic composite material by secondary pressing according to claim 9, wherein: the air exhaust channel (8) is of a right-angle structure.
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