CN113275597A - Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component - Google Patents
Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component Download PDFInfo
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- CN113275597A CN113275597A CN202110840585.8A CN202110840585A CN113275597A CN 113275597 A CN113275597 A CN 113275597A CN 202110840585 A CN202110840585 A CN 202110840585A CN 113275597 A CN113275597 A CN 113275597A
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling a fine grain structure of a metal additive fusion manufacturing component, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a base part of the split piece and pretreating a connection area of the base part; 2) cladding the pretreated connecting area to form a fine grain area in the connecting area; 3) performing additive forming at the connection region to form a unitary member. According to the invention, one or more layers of metallurgically bonded metal materials with fine grain structures are clad on the surface of the to-be-connected area of the matrix part in the split part by adopting high energy beams, then additive forming connection is carried out, and the fine grain structures are obtained in the additive forming connection area, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the large-scale component of the split part are obviously improved, and particularly, the process parameters of cladding treatment and additive forming are optimized, so that the tissue control of the fine grain areas can be effectively ensured, and the tissue and the mechanical property of the heat affected area of the large-scale component of the split part are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to a fine grain structure control method for a metal additive fusion manufacturing component.
Background
Limited by the metal blank manufacturing capability and the forging capability, the integral manufacturing of large-size complex components is difficult to realize by the traditional single manufacturing method. In addition, the forged large complex member has large and uneven deformation difference at different positions, and thus has poor uniformity of structure and performance, and it is difficult to sufficiently exert material performance. Welding is a main mode for manufacturing a large-scale metal structural part at present, but the welding heat input has large damage to the material performance, the strength and the plastic toughness, particularly the fatigue performance of a welding line are lower than those of a base metal, the use safety and the service life of the structural part are obviously affected, the consistency of the welding line performance is poor, the reliability is low, and the welding line is difficult to be used as a key force-bearing structural part.
The additive fusion manufacturing method organically fuses additive manufacturing and traditional forging and casting processes and the like, adopts an additive manufacturing layer-by-layer melting and deposition mode to fuse and connect separated pieces manufactured by the traditional processes such as forging and casting powder metallurgy and the like to form an integral structure, combines the advantages of the traditional manufacturing technology and the additive manufacturing technology in the aspects of performance, cost, period and the like, and can realize the high-performance and low-cost integral manufacturing of the ultra-large and complex metal component.
However, in the additive fusion manufacturing process, when the additive is formed on the traditional forged and cast separated piece, in order to ensure that the additive is formed and the base material and the additive area form good metallurgical bonding at the same time, the heat input must be kept at a high level, which causes the matrix to be affected by heat and coarsened in structure, thereby affecting the performance of the matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structure control method for metal additive fusion manufacturing, which is characterized in that a fine crystal area with a certain thickness is formed in a to-be-connected area of a split part by adopting a low-energy-density laser cladding method, and then an additive forming connection process is carried out, so that the structure control of the additive forming connection area of the split part is realized, and the structure and the performance of a heat affected area of the split part are improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is specifically that a method for controlling fine grain structure of a metal additive fusion manufacturing component comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a base part of the split piece and pretreating a connection area of the base part;
2) cladding the pretreated connecting area to form a fine grain area in the connecting area;
3) performing additive forming at the connection region to form a unitary member.
Further preferably, the cladding treatment and the additive forming use any one of laser, electron beam, plasma or electric arc or two different high-energy beams.
Further preferably, the energy density of the cladding process is 50-70% of the energy density of the additive forming, and the feed rate of the cladding process is 30-50% of the feed rate of the additive forming.
Further preferably, the metal material for cladding treatment is the same metal as or a different metal material from the base portion and/or the additive forming.
Further, the metal material for cladding treatment is a titanium alloy material.
Further preferably, the technological parameters of the cladding treatment include 1.5-3 kW of laser power, 3-6 mm of spot diameter and 60-180 cm of feeding rate3/h。
Preferably, the additive forming process parameters include 3-10 kW of laser power, 5-10 mm of spot diameter and 100-500 cm of feeding rate3/h。
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a large metal component which is formed by connecting a base part and an additive forming part, and is characterized in that the additive forming part is connected with the base part by adopting any one of the control methods.
Further preferably, the large metal component is a titanium alloy part or a high-strength steel part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the surface of the area to be connected of the matrix part in the split piece is clad with one or more layers of metallurgically bonded metal materials with fine grain structures by high energy beams, then additive forming connection is carried out, the fine grain structures are obtained at the additive forming connection area, and therefore the tensile strength and the yield strength of the large-scale component of the split piece are obviously improved.
Secondly, the invention optimizes the technological parameters of cladding treatment and additive forming, thereby effectively ensuring the structure control of the fine grain region and further improving the heat affected zone and the mechanical property of the large component of the split part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural morphology diagram of a connecting area of laser cladding and laser additive forming on a titanium alloy forging substrate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, laser is used as an energy source for high-energy beam treatment, a forged TC11 titanium alloy is used as a base part material of the split piece, and meanwhile, the TC11 titanium alloy is prepared from titanium alloy powder subjected to laser cladding treatment and laser additive forming by a rotary electrode atomization method.
After preparing raw materials, firstly, the forging base body part is shaped according to the requirements of a target large-scale component, then, the base body part is pretreated in the connection area, specifically, firstly, 60# abrasive paper is used for polishing the surface, then, a polisher is used for surface smoothing and fine grinding, and then, alcohol is used for cleaning to obtain the connection area.
Subsequently, titanium alloy powder is filled, and laser cladding treatment is carried out on the pretreated connecting area, wherein the laser cladding treatment process parameters are as follows: laser power is 2kW, spot diameter is 5mm, and feeding rate is 100 cm3H is used as the reference value. The preparation obtains a fine crystalline zone with a thickness of 1.5 mm.
And then, according to the target large-scale component, performing laser additive forming on the fine grain region of the connecting region according to a preset program, wherein the laser additive forming process parameters are specifically laser power of 7.9kW, the spot diameter of 7mm, and the feeding rate of 300cm3And/h, wherein the energy density of the cladding process is 50% of the energy density of the additive forming, and the feed rate of the cladding process is 30% of the feed rate of the additive forming.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and embodiment 1 is mainly that the process parameters of laser cladding treatment and laser additive forming are adjusted, and the process parameters of the laser cladding treatment specifically include: the laser power is 2.4kW, the spot diameter is 5mm, and the feeding rate is 160 cm3H; the laser additive forming process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 9kW, the spot diameter is 7.5mm, and the feeding rate is 400cm3H is used as the reference value. The energy density of the cladding treatment is 60% of the energy density of the additive forming, the feeding rate of the cladding treatment is 40% of the feeding rate of the additive forming, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and embodiment 1 is mainly that the process parameters of laser cladding treatment and laser additive forming are adjusted, and the process parameters of the laser cladding treatment specifically include: the laser power is 3kW, the spot diameter is 5.5mm, and the feeding rate is 180cm3H; the laser additive forming process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 8kW, the spot diameter is 7.5mm, and the feeding rate is 360 cm3H is used as the reference value. Wherein the energy density of the cladding process is 70% of the energy density of the additive forming, the feeding rate of the cladding process is 50% of the feeding rate of the additive forming, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the embodiment 1 is mainly that the process parameters of laser cladding treatment and laser additive forming are adjusted, and the process parameters of the laser cladding treatment specifically comprise: the laser power is 1.75kW, the spot diameter is 6mm, and the feeding rate is 100 cm3H; the laser additive forming process parameters are as follows: 7.9kW, 7mm spot diameter and 300cm feeding rate3H is used as the reference value. The energy density of the cladding treatment is 30% of the energy density of the additive forming, the feeding rate of the cladding treatment is 30% of the feeding rate of the additive forming, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the embodiment 1 is mainly that the process parameters of laser cladding treatment and laser additive forming are adjusted, and the process parameters of the laser cladding treatment specifically comprise: the laser power is 3.9kW, the spot diameter is 5.5mm, and the feeding rate is 210 cm3H; the laser additive forming process parameters are as follows: 7.9kW, 7mm spot diameter and 300cm feeding rate3H is used as the reference value. Wherein the energy density of the cladding process is 80% of the energy density of the additive forming, the feeding rate of the cladding process is 70% of the feeding rate of the additive forming, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 was the same as example 1 except that the laser cladding treatment was not performed and the laser-added material formed portion was formed as it is.
The observation of the microstructure and the testing of the mechanical properties were carried out on the above examples and comparative examples, and it can be seen from the morphology of the microstructure of example 1 in fig. 1 that a layer of fine crystalline region is clearly formed between the base portion 1 and the additive-formed portion 2, and from table 1 that the tensile strength and yield strength are clearly superior to those of comparative examples 1 and 2 in examples 1-3 of the present invention, while the parameters of comparative example 1 are not preferred in the present invention, but the test results are superior to those of comparative example 2, indicating that a certain fine crystalline region is still formed in the laser cladding process. The reason is that the energy density determines the energy input amount in unit area of the molten pool, the overheating of the molten pool is dominant, the higher the energy density is, the deeper the molten pool is, the larger the range of the heat affected zone on the matrix structure is, the more obvious the tendency of the crystal grain growth of the structure in the bonding zone is, and the low energy density is adopted during cladding, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the heat affected zone. However, too low an energy density may result in insufficient melting of the substrate, poor wetting of the bath resulting in unfused defects or in pores not escaping in time resulting in microporosity, thereby affecting the mechanical properties. Also, the energy input per unit time determines the efficiency of additive manufacturing, the higher the energy, the higher the efficiency of additive manufacturing from the standpoint of additive manufacturing efficiency and cost. Therefore, the cladding energy density and the additive energy density are controlled within a reasonable range, the effect of refining grains can be achieved, and the additive manufacturing efficiency is considered at the same time. The laser power is larger, more raw materials can be melted, higher additive manufacturing efficiency is obtained, and the energy density and power used for cladding are smaller than those used for additive manufacturing, so that the powder feeding rate used for cladding is smaller than that used for additive manufacturing, and the laser power and the feeding rate keep a certain proportional relation.
TABLE 1 tensile property test results at room temperature for TC11 titanium alloy large-sized members in examples and comparative examples
In conclusion, the surface of the area to be connected of the matrix part in the split part is clad with one or more layers of metallurgically bonded metal materials with fine grain structures by high energy beams, and then additive forming connection is carried out to obtain the fine grain structures in the additive forming connection area, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the large-scale component of the split part are obviously improved, the technological parameters of cladding treatment and additive forming are particularly optimized, the tissue control of the fine grain regions can be effectively ensured, and the heat affected zone and the mechanical property of the large-scale component of the split part are further improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A fine grain structure control method for a metal additive fusion manufacturing component comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a base part of the split piece and pretreating a connection area of the base part;
2) cladding the pretreated connecting area to form a fine grain area in the connecting area;
3) performing additive forming at the connection region to form a unitary member.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the cladding process and the additive forming use any one of a laser, an electron beam, a plasma or an electric arc, or two different high energy beams.
3. The control method of claim 2, wherein the energy density of the cladding process is 50-70% of the energy density of additive forming, and the feed rate of the cladding process is 30-50% of the feed rate of additive forming.
4. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the metal material for cladding treatment is the same metal as or a different metal material from the base portion and/or the additive forming.
5. The control method according to claim 4, wherein the metal material for cladding is a titanium alloy or a high-strength steel.
6. The control method of claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the cladding treatment include 1.5-3 kW of laser power, 3-5 mm of spot diameter and 60-200 cm of feeding rate3/h。
7. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the additive forming process parameters comprise 3-10 kW of laser power, 5-10 mm of spot diameter and 100-400 cm of feeding speed3/h。
8. A large-scale metal component comprising a base part and an additive-formed part, wherein the additive-formed part is joined to the base part by a control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The large metal component according to claim 8, wherein the large metal component is a titanium alloy part or a high strength steel part.
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| CN117638333A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 | Single battery and preparation method thereof |
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