CN114481121A - Laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement - Google Patents
Laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement Download PDFInfo
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- CN114481121A CN114481121A CN202210036457.2A CN202210036457A CN114481121A CN 114481121 A CN114481121 A CN 114481121A CN 202210036457 A CN202210036457 A CN 202210036457A CN 114481121 A CN114481121 A CN 114481121A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002545 FeCoNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the surface of a part to be repaired, and forming a high-entropy alloy cladding layer on the surface of the part by using a laser cladding method; (2) grinding the part surface cladding layer to reach the expected size of the part; (3) and carrying out heat treatment on the ground cladding layer to form a precipitation strengthening phase, so as to obtain the high-entropy alloy cladding layer with improved hardness. According to the invention, through integrating laser cladding repair, surface finish machining and subsequent heat treatment, machining is carried out when the coating hardness is lower, and then the coating hardness is greatly improved through the heat treatment, so that the surface coating with high hardness and high wear resistance is prepared; the method has important significance for realizing the remanufacturing of high-performance equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser cladding method, in particular to a laser cladding method of a high-entropy alloy for surface repair and strengthening.
Background
With the development of modern industry, the working environment of equipment and parts is increasingly complex, the requirements on the surface performance of the equipment and parts are higher and higher, and the rejection rate of parts is increased sharply. The parts scrapped due to surface failure mainly comprise rotor blades, shaft parts, gear parts, dies and the like. Only surface damage can be generally repaired under the condition that the overall performance of the part meets the working condition. If the parts which are scrapped due to processing or service damage are repaired, huge economic loss can be recovered, and the resource utilization rate can be improved.
The main part repairing methods at present comprise laser cladding, vacuum brazing, a vacuum coating method, tungsten inert gas welding, plasma cladding and the like. The laser cladding is that coating materials are placed on the surface of a coated substrate in different filling modes, a thin layer of the coating materials and the surface of the substrate are simultaneously melted through laser irradiation, and the coating materials are rapidly solidified to form a surface coating which is extremely low in dilution and forms metallurgical bonding with the substrate materials. The laser cladding repair process has the characteristics of small heat input amount to the repaired workpiece, small heat affected zone, small cladding layer structure, easy realization of automation and the like, thereby having more advantages than other methods. The laser cladding technology solves the technical problems of inevitable thermal deformation, thermal fatigue damage and the like in the traditional electric welding, argon arc welding and other hot processing processes, and also solves the problems of poor bonding strength of the coating and the substrate and the like in the traditional electroplating, spraying and other cold processing processes, thereby providing a good path for surface repair.
The mixing entropy of the high-entropy alloy is higher than the melting entropy of the whole alloy, a simple solid solution phase is generally formed, the microstructure is simplified, and complex phases such as intermetallic compounds and the like are generally not generated. Depending on the microstructure of nano-scale precipitates or amorphous structures and the like, the high-entropy alloy block material has the characteristics of high hardness, high strength, high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. Therefore, the cladding coating based on the high-entropy alloy can improve the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of the base material, and has extremely wide application prospect.
A process for preparing a (FeCoNi) -based high-entropy alloy coating by laser cladding generally adopts alloy element mixed powder or high-entropy alloy powder as a raw material and adopts a synchronous powder feeding method to prepare the coating. The (FeCoNi) based high-entropy alloy has the characteristic of aging precipitation strengthening, and the coating prepared by laser cladding is cooled quickly, and a precipitated phase cannot be formed in time, so that the hardness is low, which is beneficial to surface processing, but cannot meet the requirement of surface wear resistance of a repair part.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a laser cladding method of a high-hardness wear-resistant high-entropy alloy coating for surface repair and reinforcement.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the surface of a part to be repaired, and forming a high-entropy alloy cladding layer on the surface of the part by using a laser cladding method;
(2) grinding the part surface cladding layer to reach the expected size of the part;
(3) and carrying out heat treatment on the ground cladding layer to form a precipitation strengthening phase, so as to obtain the high-entropy alloy cladding layer with improved hardness.
Wherein, in the step (1), the power is 1000-.
Wherein in the step (1), the lapping rate in the laser cladding process condition is 20-75%.
Wherein, in the step (1), the diameter of the laser spot is 1-6mm under the laser cladding process condition.
In the step (1), the elements of the high-entropy alloy cladding layer are at least five of Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Ti, Cr, Mo or Nb, and the elements of the high-entropy alloy cladding layer comprise Fe, Co and Ni; the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.2-5 mm.
In the step (2), the hardness of the laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 15-40.
Wherein in the step (3), the heat treatment step is: and (3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, raising the temperature to 650 plus 850 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, preserving the temperature for 10-300min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Wherein in the step (3), the heating rate of the heat treatment is 5-50 ℃/min.
In the step (3), the hardness of the laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 50-65.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: 1. processing is carried out when the coating hardness is lower by integrating laser cladding repair, surface finish machining and subsequent heat treatment, and then the coating hardness is greatly improved by the heat treatment, so that the surface coating with high hardness and high wear resistance is prepared; 2. in the heat treatment process, the high-entropy alloy precipitates a strengthening phase, so that the hardness of the high-entropy alloy cladding layer is improved; 3. The method has important significance for realizing the remanufacturing of high-performance equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser cladding method of the high-entropy alloy for surface repair and strengthening of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement, which comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing the repaired surface, and performing other pretreatment, and then forming a high-entropy alloy cladding layer on the surface of the part by adopting a synchronous powder feeding method and controlling the laser cladding process conditions; wherein the power of the laser cladding process condition is 2000W, the cladding speed is 15mm/s, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the diameter of a laser spot is 4 mm; the main elements of the high-entropy alloy for repairing the surface of the part are Fe, Co, Ni, Al and Ti which are combined in equal proportion, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 2.0 mm;
(2) grinding the surface cladding layer by utilizing the characteristic that the hardness of the laser cladding layer is relatively low after the laser cladding layer is rapidly cooled to reach the expected size of the part; wherein the HRC hardness of the cooled laser cladding layer is 25;
(3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, heating to a preset temperature of 650 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min under a vacuum condition, preserving the temperature for 60min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is improved to 50.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is:
in the step (1), the power is 1500W, the cladding speed is 10mm/s, the lap joint rate is 60%, and the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm under the laser cladding process condition; the main elements of the high-entropy alloy for repairing the surface of the part are Fe, Co, Ni, Al and Cr which are combined in equal proportion, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 1.0 mm;
in the step (2), the HRC hardness of the laser cladding layer is 30;
and (3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, protecting with Ar gas, heating to a preset temperature of 750 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is improved to 55.
Example 3
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is:
in the step (1), the power is 2500W under the laser cladding process conditions, the cladding speed is 15mm/s, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the diameter of a laser spot is 4 mm. The main elements of the high-entropy alloy for repairing the surface of the part are Fe, Co, Ni, Al and Nb which are combined in equal proportion, and the thickness of a cladding layer is 2.0 mm.
In the step (2), the HRC hardness of the laser cladding layer is 35;
and (3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, protecting with Ar gas, heating to a preset temperature of 750 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is improved to 60.
Example 4
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is:
in the step (1), the power is 1000W, the cladding speed is 2mm/s, the lap joint rate is 20%, and the diameter of a laser spot is 1mm under the laser cladding process condition; the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.2 mm;
in the step (2), the HRC hardness of the laser cladding layer is 15;
and (3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, protecting with Ar gas, heating to the preset temperature of 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is improved to 50.
Example 5
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is:
in the step (1), the power is 3000W, the cladding speed is 20mm/s, the lap joint rate is 75%, and the diameter of a laser spot is 6mm under the laser cladding process condition; the thickness of the cladding layer is 5 mm;
in the step (2), the HRC hardness of the laser cladding layer is 40;
and (3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, carrying out Ar gas protection, heating to the preset temperature of 850 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation for 300min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is improved to 50.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is: step (3) is omitted.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 25.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is:
in the step (3), the temperature of the heat treatment is 500 ℃ and the time is 5 min.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 40.
Comparative example 3
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is:
in the step (3), the heating rate of the heat treatment is 60 ℃/min.
The hardness of the obtained laser cladding layer is Rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 45.
Comparative example 4
On the basis of example 1, the difference from example 1 is: the power in the laser cladding process condition in the step (1) is 800W.
The obtained laser cladding layer has a non-compact porous structure and the HRC hardness is 20. And subsequent heat treatment cannot repair surface holes.
Claims (10)
1. A laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating the surface of a part to be repaired, and forming a high-entropy alloy cladding layer on the surface of the part by using a laser cladding method;
(2) grinding the part surface cladding layer to reach the expected size of the part;
(3) and carrying out heat treatment on the ground cladding layer to form a precipitation strengthening phase, so as to obtain the high-entropy alloy cladding layer with improved hardness.
2. The laser cladding method of high entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the power is 1000- & 3000W, and the cladding speed is 2-20 mm/s.
3. The laser cladding method of the high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the lap ratio in the laser cladding process condition is 20-75%.
4. The laser cladding method of the high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a laser spot diameter is 1-6mm under laser cladding process conditions.
5. The laser cladding method of the high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the thickness of the high-entropy alloy cladding layer is 0.2-5 mm.
6. The laser cladding method of high-entropy alloy for surface repair and reinforcement as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the elements of the high-entropy alloy cladding layer are Fe, Co, Ni, and at least two selected from Al, Ti, Cr, Mo, or Nb.
7. The laser cladding method of high entropy alloy for surface repair and strengthening as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the hardness of the laser cladding layer is rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 15-40.
8. The laser cladding method of the high-entropy alloy for surface repair and strengthening as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the heat treatment step is: and (3) placing the laser cladding part in a tube furnace, raising the temperature to 500-800 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, preserving the temperature for 10-300min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
9. The laser cladding method of the high-entropy alloy for surface repair and strengthening as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step (3), a temperature rise rate of the heat treatment is 5 to 50 ℃/min.
10. The laser cladding method for high-entropy alloy for surface repair and strengthening as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the hardness of the laser cladding layer is rockwell hardness, and the HRC hardness is 50-65.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115505816A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-23 | 北京科技大学 | Cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder, cavitation-erosion-resistant coating and preparation method of cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder |
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| CN111996435A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-27 | 重庆理工大学 | High-entropy alloy composite powder and method for reinforcing magnesium alloy through ultrahigh-speed laser cladding |
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- 2022-01-13 CN CN202210036457.2A patent/CN114481121A/en active Pending
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115505816A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-23 | 北京科技大学 | Cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder, cavitation-erosion-resistant coating and preparation method of cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder |
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