CN109261963A - A kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method - Google Patents

A kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method Download PDF

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CN109261963A
CN109261963A CN201811276664.5A CN201811276664A CN109261963A CN 109261963 A CN109261963 A CN 109261963A CN 201811276664 A CN201811276664 A CN 201811276664A CN 109261963 A CN109261963 A CN 109261963A
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alloy
fine grain
material manufacturing
increasing material
powder
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杨鑫
王婉琳
马文君
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Xian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing methods, micro- truss structure TC4 alloy part is designed first, then TC4 part is prepared using Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique, until the manufacture of entire 3 d part is completed, by the energy density for controlling SEBM forming process, promote the formation and decomposition of block phase in micro- truss structure TC4 alloy structure, and then obtain a kind of more tiny alpha+beta tissue, finally improves the mechanical property of alloy.

Description

A kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to alloy microstructure refinement technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing side Method.
Background technique
For titanium or titanium alloy because of specific strength with higher and specific modulus, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility etc. are special Point is widely used in the fields such as aerospace, biologic medical and petrochemical industry, especially Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy. Simultaneously micro- truss structure material aperture design, not only meet specific strength, but can promote biological cell implant surface land, Growth reduces allergic reaction.Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique is the increases material manufacturing technology quickly grown in recent years, prepares precision Height, speed are fast, can manufacture the metal parts with labyrinth, therefore have extensively in fields such as medical treatment, aerospace, chemical industry General application.Simultaneously because its superiority on flexible extrusion molding technique, is being prepared using Selected area electron cladding (SEBM) technology Micro- truss/porous structure material also has a wide range of applications.Relative to traditional subtracting, the material fabrication technique period is long, energy consumption is big The disadvantages of, it shapes that micro- truss structure material technology is simple, the period is short using SEBM technology, can achieve the effect of near-net-shape.
The microscopic structure of material determines the performance of material, available different by the solid-state phase changes process for changing alloy Microstructure, to improve the performance of titanium alloy.The microscopic structure of different shape, size and shape angles sample shapes direction along it Show apparent three stage: sample bottom is contacted with forming board, and cooling velocity is larger, is occurred a large amount of tiny isometric Crystalline substance, the interior predominantly acicular martensite phase of equiax crystal.The characteristics of due to SEBM technology layer upon layer, martensitic structure again be heated and β phase region is reentered, wherein the growth of the Original β grain in preferred orientation is very fast, it is suppressed that the growth of other orientation crystal grain, edge It shapes direction to grow in epitaxy, forms coarse columnar crystal morphology.Alpha+beta composition can be then changed into through long-range diffusion transformation Classical mesh basket tissue, Widmannstatten structure or short-range diffusion phase transformation be changed into massive texture.It is shaped to sample top layer portion, surface It is contacted with the vacuum in forming storehouse, cooling rate is very fast, predominantly the needle-shaped crystalline substance of very tiny pilotaxitic texture.It is this along sample On the one hand the non-uniform phenomenon of forming direction microscopic structure results in the mechanical heterogeneity on same drip molding, another party Face, the block that short-range diffusion type phase transformation obtains mutually are and its unstable that be easy decomposition and inversion be equilibrium state tissue, decomposition in situ After can obtain ultra-fine alpha+beta tissue, promote the tensile mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour of material.
Therefore, it is necessary to study electron beam current, the technological parameters such as scanning speed shape micro- truss structure TC4 to SEBM technology The influence of alloy part microscopic structure obtains more tiny tissue, obtains the more excellent TC4 alloy part of mechanical property, Preferably it is applied to the fields such as medical treatment, space flight.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing methods, pass through control SEBM forming process Energy density, promotes the formation and decomposition of block phase in micro- truss structure TC4 alloy structure, and then obtains a kind of more tiny Alpha+beta tissue finally improves the mechanical property of alloy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method, using Selected area electron Shu Rong Coating technique prepares TC4 part: firstly, design TC4 alloy part three-dimensional structure, inputs meter for the TC4 alloy part structure of design Three-dimensional entity model is established in calculation machine, hierarchy slicing then is carried out to three-dimensional stereo model, is obtained in different height higher slice Information；Then Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique technological parameter is set, molding equipment brings into operation until entire 3 d part manufactures It completes.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that:
The wherein molding equipment course of work are as follows: TC4 metal powder is added in powder feed system, then powder-laying roller is equal Even powdering, after each layer of powder is completed, scanning system starts to beat by the hierarchical information that early period obtains under control of the computer Print, through laser scanning, fusing and forming process, continuous multiple scanning to forming process, until 3 d part manufacture is completed；
Wherein TC4 metal powder is aerosolization spherical shape Ti-6Al-4V ELI (low gap) powder, and diameter is 30 μm -50 μm；
The wherein technological parameter of the Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique are as follows: beam spot size is 100 μm -110 μm, electron beam electricity Stream is 30mA -38mA, and scanning speed is (1-1.3) × 104mm·s-1, prescan 10-12 times until powder bed is preheating to 730℃-750℃.Fusing sweep current is 18mA -20mA, scanning speed 500-4500mms-1, every layer of powdering is with a thickness of 50 μ m-70μm；
Wherein the molding equipment is Arcam A2 electron beam selective melting equipment.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method of the invention passes through the control micro- truss knot of Selected area electron beam cladding forming Solid-state phase changes in structure TC4 alloy part technical process realize structure refinement, can obtain with excellent comprehensive mechanical property Labyrinth TC4 alloy part has boundless application prospect in medical treatment, aerospace field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the micro- truss structure TC4 alloy obtained using a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method of the invention Pore structure unit；
Fig. 2 is the macroscopic view organized at the top of the sample obtained using a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method of the invention Pattern；
Fig. 3 is the macroscopic view of the sample bottom tissue obtained using a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method of the invention Pattern；
Fig. 4 is block phase after the decomposition in situ obtained using a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method of the invention Bright field image.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention discloses a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1, the structure design of micro- truss structure TC4 alloy part: the micro- truss structure TC4 alloy zero of CAD design is used The model of part, the refine of Magics software simultaneously add support, Build Assembler layering；
Step 2, TC4 part is prepared using Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique: first will be through the designed TC4 alloy of step 1 Three-dimensional entity model is established in design of part input computer, hierarchy slicing then is carried out to three-dimensional stereo model, is obtained not With the information of layer each in height；Subsequently set the technological parameter of Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique, Arcam A2 electron beam constituency It is melted and molded equipment to start to work, the molding equipment course of work are as follows: TC4 metal powder is added in powder feed system, the TC4 Metal powder is aerosolization spherical shape Ti-6Al-4V ELI (low gap) powder that Arcam company provides, and diameter is 30 μm -50 μm, Then the uniform powdering of powder-laying roller, after each layer of powder is completed, scanning system starts under control of the computer by through before step 2 The hierarchical information printing that phase obtains, through laser scanning, fusing and forming process are constantly repeated, until 3 d part has manufactured At.
The technological parameter of SLM in whole process are as follows: beam spot size is 100 μm -110 μm, electron beam current 30mA- 38mA, scanning speed are (1-1.3) × 104mm·s-1, prescan 10-12 times until be preheating to 730 DEG C -750 DEG C for powder bed； Fusing sweep current is 18mA-20mA, scanning speed 500mms-1-4500mm·s-1, every layer of powdering is with a thickness of 50 μm of -70 μ m。
The advantages of illustrating product of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing:
It is as shown in Figure 1 the pore structure unit of micro- truss structure TC4 alloy, the aperture design of this class formation and biggish hole Gap rate (hole rate), increases heat dissipation area, can obtain specific strength, the higher material of specific stiffness；
It is the tissue at the top of sample as shown in Figure 2, by the available forming process of characterization organized at the top of sample The solid-state phase changes information of TC4 alloy.As seen from the figure, Original β grain is grown along forming direction in epitaxy, apart from upper surface Closer, tissue intensity is darker, and heat affecting when this is melt deposition the last layer, which makes to organize to reenter the monophase field β herein, to be caused 's.The heat affecting when black layer on metallograph top makes to organize to reenter herein caused by β phase region, photo top edge it is black Color part is hole.Top tissue is mainly the acicular martensite α ' of nearly square crossing, the XRD spectrum result phase one of this and top It causes (diffraction maximum of martensite α ' being only existed, without the diffraction maximum of β phase).From from 100 μm of top down, there is the block of irregular pattern Body tissue occurs, and such as white square 1 in figure, region shown in 2 is about 10-50 μm of size wide, 20-100 μm long, block tissue and column Shape Original β grain connects, and the block in square 1 is mutually close to the presence of original block β crystal boundary, and the block in square 2 is mutually across original β crystal boundary In the presence of being a large amount of acicular martensitic structure around block tissue.When due to the forming of SEBM technology the characteristics of layer upon layer, sample Surrounding is coated by powder, and heat dissipation relies primarily on bottom plate and top surface, therefore the cooling velocity of sample top layer and bottom is higher than centre.Then Under the conditions of rapid cooling, there is a large amount of martensite at the top of sample, while the XRD spectrum at the top of sample is displayed without spreading out for β phase Peak is penetrated, can speculate that block phase constitution is transmutation product of β phase during rapid cooling, and not remaining β phase；
It is the microstructure photo at the nearly bottom plate of sample as shown in Figure 3, the following are tiny isometric crystalline regions for dotted line, thick about 200 μm, the above are along the original crystalline region β of column of forming direction growth for dotted line；
As shown in figure 4, block phase matrix is the massive texture of an entirety, there is the about 100nm wide of arrangement in a strip shape in inside Rich V precipitated phase, the darker and arranged in parallel decorative pattern of contrast is richness V precipitated phase in figure, and wherein the enrichment of V element can be by TEM- EDX is determined.It can using Selected area electron beam diffractive technology (selected area electron diffraction, SAED) The matrix for determining white is hcp α phase, and rich V precipitated phase is β phase.
Embodiment 1
Molding three-dimensional figure structure chart is designed using CAD mapping software first, the refine of Magics software simultaneously adds support, Build Assembler layering；Three-dimensional entity model is established in a computer, and hierarchy slicing is carried out to three-dimensional stereo model, is obtained On different height the information of each layer, then set Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique technological parameter: beam spot size as 100 μm, Electron beam current is 30mA, and scanning speed is 1 × 104Mm/s, prescan 11 times until be preheating to 730 DEG C for powder bed.Fusing Sweep current is 18mA, scanning speed 3500mm/s, and every layer of powdering is with a thickness of 50 μm, then Arcam A2 electron beam selective melting Molding equipment is started to work, multiple scanning to the process being melted and molded, until obtaining a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy；
Embodiment 2
Molding three-dimensional figure structure chart is designed using CAD mapping software first, the refine of Magics software simultaneously adds support, Build Assembler layering；Three-dimensional entity model is established in a computer, and hierarchy slicing is carried out to three-dimensional stereo model, is obtained On different height the information of each layer, then set Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique technological parameter: beam spot size as 100 μm, Electron beam current is 35mA, and scanning speed is 1.3 × 104Mm/s, prescan 11 times until be preheating to 750 DEG C for powder bed.It is molten Change sweep current is 20mA, and scanning speed 4500mm/s, every layer of powdering is with a thickness of 70 μm, and then Arcam A2 electron beam constituency is molten Change molding equipment to start to work, multiple scanning to the process being melted and molded, until obtaining a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy；
Arcam A2 electron beam selective melting equipment is used using a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method of the invention Micro- truss structure TC4 alloy part is prepared, preparation precision is high, speed is fast, has on preparing micro- truss/porous structure part bright Aobvious superiority, preparation process is simple, and cost is significantly lower than other preparation means.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method, which is characterized in that prepare TC4 zero using Selected area electron beam melting and coating technique Part: firstly, design TC4 alloy part three-dimensional structure, three-dimensional real by establishing in the TC4 alloy part structure input computer of design Then body Model carries out hierarchy slicing to three-dimensional stereo model, obtain the information in different height higher slice；Then constituency is set Electron beam cladding technical matters parameter, molding equipment brings into operation until the manufacture of entire 3 d part is completed.
2. a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the molding equipment The course of work are as follows: TC4 metal powder is added in powder feed system, then the uniform powdering of powder-laying roller, when each layer of powder completes it Afterwards, scanning system starts, through laser scanning, to be melted and formed by obtained hierarchical information printing under control of the computer Journey, continuous multiple scanning to forming process, until 3 d part manufacture is completed.
3. a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that TC4 metal powder is Aerosolization spherical shape Ti-6Al-4VELI low gap powder, diameter are 30 μm -50 μm.
4. a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Selected area electron The technological parameter of beam melting and coating technique are as follows: beam spot size is 100 μm -110 μm, electron beam current 30mA-38mA, and scanning speed is (1-1.3)×104mm·s-1, until powder bed is preheating to 730 DEG C -750 DEG C, fusing sweep current is for prescan 10-12 times 18mA-20mA, scanning speed 500mms-1-4500mm·s-1, every layer of powdering is with a thickness of 50 μm -70 μm.
5. a kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the molding equipment For Arcam A2 electron beam selective melting equipment.
CN201811276664.5A 2018-10-30 2018-10-30 A kind of fine grain TC4 alloy increasing material manufacturing method Pending CN109261963A (en)

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Cited By (7)

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CN110681863A (en) * 2019-10-23 2020-01-14 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Titanium alloy part with uniform transverse and longitudinal properties and preparation method thereof
CN110983106A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-10 华南理工大学 Method for inhibiting formation of needle-like martensite phase in 3D printing forming TC4 alloy structure
CN111054914A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-04-24 航天海鹰(哈尔滨)钛业有限公司 TC4 titanium alloy powder for selective electron beam melting forming and preparation method and application thereof
CN112427652A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-03-02 中国航空制造技术研究院 Titanium alloy structural part and preparation method thereof
CN113061779A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-02 东北大学 Additive manufacturing method of nanoparticle reinforced titanium-based composite material based on selective electron beam melting
CN113275597A (en) * 2021-07-25 2021-08-20 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component
CN113414405A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-21 西北工业大学 Method for adjusting morphology of laser additive manufacturing crystal grains

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110681863A (en) * 2019-10-23 2020-01-14 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Titanium alloy part with uniform transverse and longitudinal properties and preparation method thereof
CN110681863B (en) * 2019-10-23 2022-04-15 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Titanium alloy part with uniform transverse and longitudinal properties and preparation method thereof
CN111054914A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-04-24 航天海鹰(哈尔滨)钛业有限公司 TC4 titanium alloy powder for selective electron beam melting forming and preparation method and application thereof
CN110983106A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-10 华南理工大学 Method for inhibiting formation of needle-like martensite phase in 3D printing forming TC4 alloy structure
CN110983106B (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-11-05 华南理工大学 Method for inhibiting formation of needle-like martensite phase in 3D printing forming TC4 alloy structure
CN112427652A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-03-02 中国航空制造技术研究院 Titanium alloy structural part and preparation method thereof
CN113061779A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-02 东北大学 Additive manufacturing method of nanoparticle reinforced titanium-based composite material based on selective electron beam melting
CN113061779B (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-12-31 东北大学 Additive manufacturing method of nanoparticle reinforced titanium-based composite material based on selective electron beam melting
CN113414405A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-21 西北工业大学 Method for adjusting morphology of laser additive manufacturing crystal grains
CN113275597A (en) * 2021-07-25 2021-08-20 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component
CN113275597B (en) * 2021-07-25 2021-10-29 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component

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