CN113273456A - Sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting process machine integrated sowing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated sowing method of sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow sowing drought-resistant art machine, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of producing area environment, variety selection, seeding, intertillage management, watering, directional concentrated foliar fertilizer spraying, pest control, harvesting and production archives. The invention adopts no-tillage direct seeding, straw ridging and soil moisture detecting seeding technologies to save investment, simultaneously solves the problem of low emergence rate of the current sorghum single-grain precision seeding, makes great contribution to the sorghum planting in dry farming rain-fed areas, saves manpower generated by thinning, and can increase the lodging resistance of the sorghum, promote the nutrient absorption of root systems and increase the yield through intertillage ridging.

Description

Sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting process machine integrated sowing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of sorghum planting, and particularly relates to an integrated sowing method of sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow sowing drought-resistant process machine.

Background

Sorghum is one of the most important coarse cereal crops in Shanxi province, has multiple stress resistance such as drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance and the like, and is planted in all regions of the whole province. Compared with sorghum and wheat, the seeder and the harvester special for sorghum have low popularization degree, farmers almost use traditional farm tools or manual work, time and labor are wasted, and the enthusiasm of the farmers for planting sorghum is greatly contused. In recent years, people are influenced by economic concepts and planting efficiency is low, most of green and strong labor is spent outside, and the land cultivation is almost weak, so that the whole-course mechanization of the planting industry is urgently needed. The seeding machines on the market are mainly of the following types: a2 BT-KX type sorghum precision seeder developed by duckweed, the maintenance research institute of agricultural machinery in Heilongjiang province is combined multifunctional agricultural machinery matched with large and medium tractors. The machine has the functions of deep scarification, ridging, intertillage, quantitative deep fertilizing according to holes, tracking and quantitatively spraying water according to the holes, precisely sowing germination accelerating sorghum according to the holes, supporting soil and compacting for one-time completion, and can also realize double-row drilling of coarse cereal crops such as soybean, minced grain, sorghum and the like; 2BYQF series no-tillage air-suction fertilizing and seeding machine produced by Hebei agriculture Haha machinery Limited company is matched with a small four-wheel tractor, an air-suction seed metering mechanism and a three-point suspension device are adopted, the turning radius of a machine set is less than or equal to 3m, the machine set is suitable for no-tillage seeding of sorghum after wheat is harvested, the plate can be changed for planting crops such as sorghum, soybean and the like, and the purpose of one machine for multiple purposes is realized; the golden ear brand 2 BQM-2 type air-suction type precision film-laying seeder produced by a mechanical factory of inner Mongolia agriculture university is compact in structure, reliable in work, excellent in performance and convenient to operate and use, is an ideal machine for laying films to plant sorghum, sugar beet, oil sunflower, flower sunflower, cucurbits, beans, black-seed melons and other similar crops, is a vertical disc air-suction type precision grain planting machine matched with a tractor to use, and is suitable for planting operation of cultivated sorghum, soybeans, sorghum, oil sunflowers, sugar beet and the like. However, except that the large-scale precision seeder of the 2 BT-KX type has the water replenishing function to ensure the seedling emergence, other seeders can not ensure the seedling emergence under the condition of poor soil moisture content. Therefore, the development of the sorghum single-seed precision seeder and the cultivation technology matched with the sorghum single-seed precision seeder are particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses an integrated sowing method of sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow sowing drought-resistant process machine for solving the problems. The method adopts the technologies of no-tillage direct seeding, straw ridging and soil moisture detection seeding, belongs to the energy-saving and environment-friendly industry, saves investment, can increase the lodging resistance of the sorghum through intertillage ridging, promotes the absorption of nutrients in the root system, can increase the final yield by more than 11 percent, solves the problem of low emergence rate of the current single-grain precision seeding of the sorghum, makes great contribution to the planting of the sorghum in dry farming rain-raised areas, and saves labor generated by thinning.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting machine integrated sowing method comprises the following steps:

step 1: habitat of the origin

1.1 selecting the producing area: selecting an agricultural production area which has good ecological conditions, is far away from pollution sources, does not need to be covered with a mulching film and has sustainable production capacity;

1.2 environmental quality: the air condition is good, the PH value of the soil is 6-8, and the precipitation is above 400 mm;

step 2: variety selection

Selecting a variety which is approved by the state or provincial level and is suitable for being planted in the region, wherein the seed quality conforms to the regulation of GB 4404.1, and the coated seeds conform to the regulation of GB/T15671;

and step 3: seeding

3.1 preparation of soil: after autumn harvest, the straws are crushed by about 10cm and paved on the ground surface, or the straws can be crushed and shallowly rotated, and before seeding, no land preparation operation is needed, and no seedling water is needed to be irrigated on a water irrigation land;

3.2, sowing time: the temperature is controlled to be stabilized above 10 ℃ at 10cm underground in spring, and then the planting can be carried out;

3.3 selecting suitable varieties with different densities according to the soil fertility and the fertilization level, and determining the seeding quantity and the seedling density, wherein each 667m²7000 to 13000 seedlings are left;

3.4 soil moisture detection and seeding: the dry soil on the surface layer is placed on two sides of the sowing row according to the soil moisture content, and the wet soil is leaked out, so that the soil moisture content of the sowing area is more than or equal to 12 percent;

3.5, rotary tillage: the partial rotary tillage width of the seeding row is 10cm, and the depth is about 21 cm; the ridge width between sowing rows is 40cm, stubble cleaning blades carry out rotary tillage for 8-10cm, straws and soil are mixed, a seedbed is ensured to be clean without straws and grass seeds, and seedling emergence is not influenced;

3.6 ditching and ridging: the ditching depth of the boat-shaped seeding ditcher is 16cm, and the seedbed leveling and straw ridging are both considered;

3.7 fine seeding: the seeds and the microbial agent are precisely applied in a precise amount through the sowing tray, and the compacting is also considered; the quantity of the agricultural microbial agent is determined according to the content of the bacterial manure and the use standard;

3.8 precise quantity strip application of base fertilizer: the base fertilizer is intensively applied in a strip mode through a fertilizer groove, the using amount of the fertilizer is adjusted through a fertilizer application port, the base fertilizer is applied to the positions 5cm below the seeds respectively, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer meets the rule of the reasonable use rule of NY/T496 fertilizers;

and 4, step 4: intertill management

4.1 cultivation time: in the early stage of jointing, the height of the sorghum is up to 30-40 cm;

4.2 intertillage weeding, wherein the intertillage is 5cm deep and 28cm wide;

4.3 concentrated fertilizer strip application: 20kg of compound fertilizer and 25kg of urea per mu are concentrated at the root of the seedling and the sowing ditch is filled; the fertilizer meets the general rule of the reasonable use rule of NY/T496 fertilizers;

4.4 ridging: ridging is carried out through a cultivator, and on the basis of filling the sowing ditches, ridging is carried out for 15cm in height to form 15cm deep furrows;

and 5: watering

The water demand of sorghum is gradually increased from the stage of jointing, and the water quantity per mu is 50m³Left and right;

step 6: directional concentrated spraying foliage fertilizer

Directionally spraying trace elements on leaf surfaces: 0.5 to 2 percent of urea, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 to 9.3 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 percent of ammonium molybdate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of zinc sulfate and more than or equal to 100 g/L of amino acid;

and 7: pest control

The tebuconazole and the flufenoxuron which are 8 percent and account for 0.6 to 0.7 percent of the weight of the seeds are mixed to prevent and control the head smut; spraying 1000 times of 8 percent of thiamethoxam and 1000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil to prevent and control aphids; the pesticide application accords with the GB/T8321 reasonable pesticide application criterion;

and 8: harvesting

8.1 harvesting period: the harvesting period is suitable for the late stage of waxiness, and the harvested seeds are full, the yield is highest, and the quality is optimal; the harvesting can be carried out by using a combine harvester;

8.2 straw treatment: crushing the straws by about 10cm, and covering the ground surface;

and step 9: production file

Detailed recording of specific measures taken in each link of technical key points, field management, harvesting and deep scarification and deep ploughing, and establishing production files.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the expected economic benefit is as follows:

the method adopts no-tillage direct seeding, straw ridging and soil moisture detecting seeding technologies, and belongs to the energy-saving and environment-friendly industry. 1. The investment is saved. The cost of agricultural machinery can be saved by 50-70 yuan per mu of land, the cost of chemical fertilizer is saved by 25%, the cost of herbicide is saved by 50%, and the total investment can be saved by 70-90 yuan per mu of land.

2. Expected social benefits are as follows: the lodging resistance of the sorghum can be increased through intertillage ridging, the absorption of root system nutrients is promoted, and the final yield can be increased by more than 11%.

3. The expected ecological benefit is as follows:

the method adopts no-tillage direct seeding, straw ridging and soil moisture detecting seeding technologies, solves the problem of low emergence rate of the existing sorghum single-grain precision seeding, makes great contribution to sorghum planting in dry farming rain-culture areas, and saves labor generated by thinning. Plays an important role in large-area planting for the production of dry farming sorghum in our province.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows the rainfall in the year 2020 in the sun at 5-9 months;

FIG. 2 shows the average temperature in the year 2020, Dongyang at 5-9 months;

FIG. 3 shows the time of the sun in the east sun 5-9 months in 2020;

FIG. 4a shows the water content of soil in different cultivation modes of 5 months and 15 days in the seedling stage;

FIG. 4b shows the water content of soil in different cultivation modes in the jointing stage of 6 months and 15 days;

FIG. 4c shows the water content of soil in different cultivation modes in the pollen scattering period of 7 months and 20 days;

FIG. 4d soil moisture content of different farming modes in 8 months and 22 days of the grouting period;

FIG. 4e soil moisture content in different cultivation modes at maturity stage of 9 months and 17 days.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Example 1

The sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting machine integrated sowing method comprises the following steps:

step 1: habitat of the origin

1.1 selecting the producing area: selecting an agricultural production area which has good ecological conditions, is far away from pollution sources, does not need to be covered with a mulching film and has sustainable production capacity;

1.2 environmental quality: the air condition is good, the PH value of the soil is 6-8, and the precipitation is above 400 mm;

step 2: variety selection

Selecting a variety which is approved by the state or provincial level and is suitable for being planted in the region, wherein the seed quality conforms to the regulation of GB 4404.1, and the coated seeds conform to the regulation of GB/T15671;

and step 3: seeding

3.1 preparation of soil: after autumn harvest, the straws are crushed by about 10cm and paved on the ground surface, or the straws can be crushed and shallowly rotated, and before seeding, no land preparation operation is needed, and no seedling water is needed to be irrigated on a water irrigation land;

3.2, sowing time: the temperature is controlled to be stabilized above 10 ℃ at 10cm underground in spring, and then the planting can be carried out;

3.3 selecting suitable varieties with different densities according to the soil fertility and the fertilization level, and determining the seeding quantity and the seedling density, wherein each 667m²7000 to 13000 seedlings are left; 9000-13000 seedlings are remained in each 667m2 land plot with good water and fertilizer conditions. 7000 to 10000 seedlings are generally reserved in each 667m2 plot with common water and fertilizer conditions;

3.4 soil moisture detection and seeding: the dry soil on the surface layer is placed on two sides of the sowing row according to the soil moisture content, and the wet soil is leaked out, so that the soil moisture content of the sowing area is more than or equal to 12 percent;

3.5, rotary tillage: the partial rotary tillage width of the seeding row is 10cm, and the depth is about 21 cm; the ridge width between sowing rows is 40cm, stubble cleaning blades carry out rotary tillage for 8-10cm, straws and soil are mixed, a seedbed is ensured to be clean without straws and grass seeds, and seedling emergence is not influenced;

3.6 ditching and ridging: the ditching depth of the boat-shaped seeding ditcher is 16cm, and the seedbed leveling and straw ridging are both considered;

3.7 fine seeding: the seeds and the microbial agent are precisely applied in a precise amount through the sowing tray, and the compacting is also considered; the quantity of the agricultural microbial agent is determined according to the content of the bacterial manure and the use standard;

3.8 precise quantity strip application of base fertilizer: the base fertilizer is intensively applied in a strip mode through a fertilizer groove, the using amount of the fertilizer is adjusted through a fertilizer application port, the base fertilizer is applied to the positions 5cm below the seeds respectively, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer meets the rule of the reasonable use rule of NY/T496 fertilizers;

and 4, step 4: intertill management

4.1 cultivation time: in the early stage of jointing, the height of the sorghum is up to 30-40 cm;

4.2 intertillage weeding, wherein the intertillage is 5cm deep and 28cm wide;

4.3 concentrated fertilizer strip application: 20kg of compound fertilizer and 25kg of urea per mu are concentrated at the root of the seedling and the sowing ditch is filled; the fertilizer meets the general rule of the reasonable use rule of NY/T496 fertilizers;

4.4 ridging: ridging is carried out through a cultivator, and on the basis of filling the sowing ditches, ridging is carried out for 15cm in height to form 15cm deep furrows;

and 5: watering

The water demand of sorghum is gradually increased from the stage of jointing, and the water quantity per mu is 50m³Left and right;

step 6: directional concentrated spraying foliage fertilizer

Directionally spraying trace elements on leaf surfaces: 0.5 to 2 percent of urea, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 to 9.3 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 percent of ammonium molybdate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of zinc sulfate and more than or equal to 100 g/L of amino acid;

and 7: pest control

The tebuconazole and the flufenoxuron which are 8 percent and account for 0.6 to 0.7 percent of the weight of the seeds are mixed to prevent and control the head smut; spraying 1000 times of 8 percent of thiamethoxam and 1000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil to prevent and control aphids; the pesticide application accords with the GB/T8321 reasonable pesticide application criterion;

and 8: harvesting

8.1 harvesting period: the harvesting period is suitable for the late stage of waxiness, and the harvested seeds are full, the yield is highest, and the quality is optimal; the harvesting can be carried out by using a combine harvester;

8.2 straw treatment: crushing the straws by about 10cm, and covering the ground surface;

and step 9: production file

Detailed recording of specific measures taken in each link of technical key points, field management, harvesting and deep scarification and deep ploughing, and establishing production files.

Example 2

The sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting machine integrated sowing method comprises the following steps:

habitat of the origin

Selecting a producing area: selecting an agricultural production area which has good ecological conditions, is far away from pollution sources, does not need to be covered with a mulching film and has sustainable production capacity;

environmental quality: sorghum has drought resistance, barren resistance, saline-alkali resistance and strong adaptability. Optimum conditions are as follows: the air condition is good, the pH value of the soil is 6-8, and the yield of the area with more than 400 mm of precipitation is high;

variety selection

The test planting sorghum variety is Jinza 22;

sowing: the test adopts a single-factor random block design, and 3 farming treatments are respectively arranged. The area of each cell is 60m2(6m is multiplied by 10m), and the planting density is 8000 plants/mu.

The cultivation measures are respectively as follows: (1) rotary tillage planting (sorghum is harvested and is rotary-tilled for 10cm, and is directly sown by a sorghum fertilizing and sowing machine in spring, wherein the planting mode is a local main planting mode as a contrast); (2) planting furrows for shallow rotation detection (after harvesting sorghum in autumn in the previous year, crushing straws on the ground, directly sowing the sorghum in spring by using a 531-soil-detection and fertilization seeder, wherein the furrows are 5-8 cm deep, the straws and the redundant soil are discharged to two sides, and the planting is sown at the bottoms of the furrows)

2000kg of high-quality thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (26-10-14) and 30kg of urea are applied to each mu of treatment, the herbicide is sprayed before seedling after seeding, and intertillage weeding and topdressing are carried out by using a cultivator after sorghum is subjected to jointing.

The optimal sowing method is obtained through soil moisture content measurement, influence of different farming modes on soil moisture content change, sorghum single-seed sowing emergence rate measurement and sorghum yield measurement of different varieties and cultivation modes:

1. soil moisture content determination

And (3) measuring the soil water content of soil layers of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm in the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the pollination stage, the grouting stage and the harvesting stage of the sorghum growth stage by a drying method. Selecting 3 points randomly for each treatment, sampling by using an earth drill, scraping the upper floating soil in the earth drill, quickly filling about 20g of soil in the middle of the earth drill into an aluminum box with measured mass, tightly covering, bringing the box back to a room, wiping the outer surface of the aluminum box, weighing the box on an analytical balance until the weight is accurate to 0.01g, and then placing the box in an oven preheated to 105 ℃ to dry the box to constant mass. Taken out, covered, cooled to room temperature in a desiccator, weighed immediately, and subjected to 3 replicates. And calculating the water content of the soil.

2. Influence of different farming methods on soil moisture content variation

As can be seen from figure 1, the total rainfall in the Dongyang test field is 407.2mm in 5-9 months in 2020, the rainfall in spring is small, the rainfall in summer and autumn is high, and the rainfall in 5 days of 8 months reaches 73.7mm to the maximum in all years.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the average temperature of Dongyang test field is 20 ℃ in 5-9 months in 2020.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the time of year 11h is given for 5-9 months in 2020 in Dongyang test field.

As major drought conditions occur in spring of 2020, in order to ensure the emergence of seedlings, the experiment is watered in 25 days of 4 months, and the seeds are sown in 1 day of 5 months. The whole rainfall is concentrated in the last ten days of 7 months and August, and the rainfall in the jointing stage of sorghum is low, so that the plant height is obviously reduced compared with the previous year. In 2020, the temperature is relatively normal compared with the temperature in the past, and extreme high temperature does not appear, so that the sorghum pollination is not influenced. The sunshine time in Shanxi province is long, continuous rainy days for multiple days do not appear in 2020, and sorghum pollination is not affected.

The performance of the three different treatments at each growth stage can be seen by figures 4 a-4 e: in the seedling stage-powder scattering stage, the humidity of the shallow-rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting soil is obviously higher than that of the other two treatments; the humidity of the soil for the shallow rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting in the powder scattering period-mature period is between the other two treatments. It can be seen that the shallow rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting has an obvious effect of promoting sorghum growth in a seedling stage, the rainfall is collected by soil gradient caused by the furrow, so that a rain collecting effect is generated at the bottom of the furrow, the furrow is in an east-west trend, partial direct sunlight is shielded at the top of the furrow, the direct sunlight received at the bottom of the furrow is less, partial transpiration is reduced, and the effect of water retention is realized by the shallow rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting under the multi-aspect effect.

After the jointing stage, intertillage hilling is carried out once, the water content of the soil is basically the same as that of other two seeding modes, and the main reasons are that the leaf area of the sorghum is increased in the later growth stage, the sunlight received by the soil is less, and the main transpiration effect is caused by sorghum leaves.

In conclusion, the shallow rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting has the function of water retention in the seedling stage, and has obvious promotion effect on sorghum planting in dry farming rain-culture areas in western and Shanxi provinces and northwest China.

3. Sorghum single-seed sowing emergence rate determination

A place: measurement of sorghum emergence Rate in seedling stage in Dongyangzhen and Xinju-Beijing village in Shangzhong City

The test seeds are selected from No. 22 Jinza sorghum seeds, the seeds are provided by sorghum research institute of Shanxi agricultural university, the seed bud rate is 87% through laboratory determination, and the national standard is met. The Dongyang test research center performs sowing in 2 days in 5 months, performs emergence rate measurement in 15 days in 5 months, and adopts the measurement mode of whole cell, the area of the cell is 60m2(6m multiplied by 10m), and the planting density is 8000 plants/mu. Xinfu area North-Yi well is sown with sorghum 667m2, the planting density is 8000 strains/mu, 3 points are randomly selected for emergence rate measurement, each point is 60m2(6m is multiplied by 10m), and the average value is calculated.

TABLE 1 statistics table for sorghum emergence rates in different farming methods

Treatment method	Emergence rate (jin middle east Yanzhen)	Emergence rate (Xin Fu district Bei Yi Jing village)
			Rotary tillage planting	75％	76％
No-tillage planting	83％	82％
			Shallow rotary furrow planting for detecting soil moisture	81％	81％

As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rates of the zero tillage planting and the shallow rotary furrow planting are both more than 80%, and the emergence rates are obviously higher than those of the rotary tillage planting. Experiments show that the germination rate of shallow rotary soil moisture detection furrow sowing in a residential area and a field is obviously higher, the shallow rotary soil moisture detection furrow sowing has a great relation with soil moisture, the soil moisture detection sowing is carried out while a surface dry soil layer is poked, and the germination rate of sorghum is effectively improved.

4. Determination of sorghum yield in different varieties and cultivation modes

As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the yield of deep rotary furrow drilling is obviously increased compared with that of the other two cultivation modes, wherein the yield of the deep rotary furrow drilling of No. 22 Chinese sorghum varieties is increased by 11 percent compared with the rotary tillage planting and by 1 percent compared with the no-tillage planting; the yield of the Donggang No. 80 sorghum varieties in deep rotary furrow detection is increased by 11.9 percent compared with the yield of rotary tillage planting and is increased by 1.7 percent compared with the yield of no-tillage planting. The growth period in the no-tillage mode is obviously prolonged, the main reason is that the reduction of the ground temperature affects the maturity of sorghum, and the yield is affected if the high-altitude area or the area with relatively low accumulated temperature is used. The growth period of deep rotary furrow digging planting and common rotary tillage planting is not obviously changed, which shows that the deep rotary furrow digging planting has good effect on water saving and heat preservation.

TABLE 2 three cultivation modes of different sorghum varieties plant height and spike length

TABLE 3 yield factors of three cultivation modes for different sorghum varieties

Summary of the invention

According to the experiment, the deep rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting has an obvious effect of promoting the growth of sorghum in the seedling stage, the soil gradient caused by the furrow is collected for rainfall, so that the bottom of the furrow generates a rain collecting effect, the furrow is in the east-west trend, the top of the furrow shields part of direct sunlight, the bottom of the furrow receives less direct sunlight, the partial transpiration effect is reduced, and the effect of water retention of the deep rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting is realized under the multi-aspect effect. After the jointing stage, intertillage hilling is carried out once, the water content of the soil is basically the same as that of other two seeding modes, and the main reasons are that the leaf area of the sorghum is increased in the later growth stage, the sunlight received by the soil is less, and the main transpiration effect is caused by sorghum leaves.

The deep rotation soil moisture detection furrow planting seedling rate is obviously higher than other two cultivation modes, the main reason is that soil moisture around seeds is increased by soil moisture detection sowing, the seeds are tightly contacted with the soil through a press wheel, the absorption and expansion of the seeds are promoted, and the seedling rate is increased.

The yield of the deep rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting is obviously increased compared with the other two cultivation modes, wherein the yield of the deep rotary soil moisture detection furrow planting is increased by more than 11 percent compared with the rotary cultivation planting.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, component separation or combination and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The sorghum straw ridge-returning single-grain furrow-sowing drought-resisting process machine integrated sowing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: habitat of the origin

1.1 selecting the producing area: selecting an agricultural production area which has good ecological conditions, is far away from pollution sources, does not need to be covered with a mulching film and has sustainable production capacity;

1.2 environmental quality: the air condition is good, the PH value of the soil is 6-8, and the precipitation is above 400 mm;

step 2: variety selection

Selecting a variety which is approved by the state or provincial level and is suitable for being planted in the region, wherein the seed quality conforms to the regulation of GB 4404.1, and the coated seeds conform to the regulation of GB/T15671;

and step 3: seeding

3.1 preparation of soil: after autumn harvest, the straws are crushed by about 10cm and paved on the ground surface, or the straws can be crushed and shallowly rotated, and before seeding, no land preparation operation is needed, and no seedling water is needed to be irrigated on a water irrigation land;

3.2, sowing time: the temperature is controlled to be stabilized above 10 ℃ at 10cm underground in spring, and then the planting can be carried out;

3.3 selecting suitable varieties with different densities according to the soil fertility and the fertilization level, and determining the seeding quantity and the seedling density, wherein each 667m²7000 to 13000 seedlings are left;

3.4 soil moisture detection and seeding: the dry soil on the surface layer is placed on two sides of the sowing row according to the soil moisture content, and the wet soil is leaked out, so that the soil moisture content of the sowing area is more than or equal to 12 percent;

3.5, rotary tillage: the partial rotary tillage width of the seeding row is 10cm, and the depth is about 21 cm; the ridge width between sowing rows is 40cm, stubble cleaning blades carry out rotary tillage for 8-10cm, straws and soil are mixed, a seedbed is ensured to be clean without straws and grass seeds, and seedling emergence is not influenced;

3.6 ditching and ridging: the ditching depth of the boat-shaped seeding ditcher is 16cm, and the seedbed leveling and straw ridging are both considered;

3.7 fine seeding: the seeds and the microbial agent are precisely applied in a precise amount through the sowing tray, and the compacting is also considered; the quantity of the agricultural microbial agent is determined according to the content of the bacterial manure and the use standard;

3.8 precise quantity strip application of base fertilizer: the base fertilizer is intensively applied in a strip mode through a fertilizer groove, the using amount of the fertilizer is adjusted through a fertilizer application port, the base fertilizer is applied to the positions 5cm below the seeds respectively, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer meets the rule of the reasonable use rule of NY/T496 fertilizers;

and 4, step 4: intertill management

4.1 cultivation time: in the early stage of jointing, the height of the sorghum is up to 30-40 cm;

4.2 intertillage weeding, wherein the intertillage is 5cm deep and 28cm wide;

4.3 concentrated fertilizer strip application: 20kg of compound fertilizer and 25kg of urea per mu are concentrated at the root of the seedling and the sowing ditch is filled; the fertilizer meets the general rule of the reasonable use rule of NY/T496 fertilizers;

4.4 ridging: ridging is carried out through a cultivator, and on the basis of filling the sowing ditches, ridging is carried out for 15cm in height to form 15cm deep furrows;

and 5: watering

The water demand of sorghum is gradually increased from the stage of jointing, and the water quantity per mu is 50m³Left and right;

step 6: directional concentrated spraying foliage fertilizer

Directionally spraying trace elements on leaf surfaces: 0.5 to 2 percent of urea, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 to 9.3 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 percent of ammonium molybdate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of zinc sulfate and more than or equal to 100 g/L of amino acid;

and 7: pest control

The tebuconazole and the flufenoxuron which are 8 percent and account for 0.6 to 0.7 percent of the weight of the seeds are mixed to prevent and control the head smut; spraying 1000 times of 8 percent of thiamethoxam and 1000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil to prevent and control aphids; the pesticide application accords with the GB/T8321 reasonable pesticide application criterion;

and 8: harvesting

8.1 harvesting period: the harvesting period is suitable for the late stage of waxiness, and the harvested seeds are full, the yield is highest, and the quality is optimal; the harvesting can be carried out by using a combine harvester;

8.2 straw treatment: crushing the straws by about 10cm, and covering the ground surface;

and step 9: production file

Detailed recording of specific measures taken in each link of technical key points, field management, harvesting and deep scarification and deep ploughing, and establishing production files.

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