CN113243280A - General horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, which mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-35% of wood fiber, 10-35% of crushed leaf, 1-30% of bagasse, 20-50% of sugarcane peel, 40-60% of perlite and 5-20% of garlicin; the substrate material is easy to obtain, the cost is low, the bagasse is rich in phosphorus and potassium mineral elements, which is beneficial to the growth of crops, the resource recycling is realized, and the waste is changed into valuable; the fallen leaf fragments are subjected to humification and mineralization processes, monosaccharide, polypeptide, amino acid and the like are generated in the mineralization process, and mineralized organic matters can be absorbed and utilized by plants; the allicin has obvious bacteriostasis, especially has good inhibiting effect on Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) and Fusarium flavum (Fusarium culmorum) which cause withering, withering and root rot of plants, and is used for replacing chemical agents, so that the pollution to the planting environment and the over-standard crop pesticide residue caused by directly using the chemical agents are avoided.

Description

General horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a crop growth substrate, and particularly relates to a general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, in particular to a substrate for inhibiting the growth of rhizoctonia solani and fusarium flavum.

Background

Rhizoctonia solani (rhizoctonia solani) belongs to fungi of deuteromycotina, is a kind of inhabitant which does not produce any asexual spores, widely exists in nature and is mainly distributed in soil; the host range of the rhizoctonia solani is extremely wide, and more than 200 horticultural crops and crops of 50 families such as Chinese roses, hydrangeas and the like can be infected; rhizoctonia solani can cause rhizoctonia solani, mainly occurs in seedling stage, and has the symptoms of seedling wilting and withering, the disease starts from the neck firstly, then develops to other parts by spots, necrosis marks appear at root systems and leaf stalks, and finally leads to plant withering and death along with the diffusion of the necrosis marks; fusarium flavum (Fusarium culmorum) belongs to one of Fusarium flavum (Fusarium), belongs to asexual fungi, is extremely widely distributed, is extremely easy to be distributed on soil and animal and plant organisms, and can cause root rot and stem rot of crops;

at present, chemical medicaments such as mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and the like are mainly adopted in the method for preventing and treating rhizoctonia solani and fusarium flavum; but the use of chemical agents can cause pollution to the natural environment, pesticide residues of agricultural products can exceed the standard, and in addition, rhizoctonia solani and fusarium flavum can continue to breed after generating drug resistance; the preparation cost and the preparation process requirement of the chemical agent are higher, and the chemical agent has toxic action on human or animals; if a cultivation substrate suitable for crops, which contains a natural organic component, can be directly prepared, the growth of rhizoctonia solani and fusarium flavum can be inhibited; the culture medium can avoid the pollution of chemical agents to the water and soil of the cultivation environment and can reduce the cultivation cost of crops; the inhibition direction of pathogenic bacteria in the crop cultivation process can be obviously improved.

Disclosure of Invention

A general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria comprises the following main raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-35% of wood fiber, 10-35% of crushed leaf, 1-30% of bagasse, 20-50% of sugarcane peel, 40-60% of perlite and 5-20% of garlicin;

further, the composite fertilizer comprises 20% of wood fiber, 20% of crushed leaf material, 15% of bagasse, 20% of sugarcane peel, 20% of perlite and 5% of allicin according to weight proportion;

further, the composite fertilizer comprises 15% of wood fiber, 15% of crushed leaf material, 20% of bagasse, 20% of sugarcane peel, 20% of perlite and 10% of allicin according to weight proportion;

further, the wood fiber is made of one or more of pine, willow and fir;

further, the crushed leaf is made of one or more of eucalyptus, ginkgo, elm, peach and cypress;

further, the bagasse is used after fermentation;

further, the bagasse fermentation steps are as follows:

1. juicing fresh sugarcane, and taking bagasse;

2. crushing bagasse and sieving;

3. adding a decomposing agent into bagasse, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out stack retting fermentation;

4. after fermenting for 14 days, air-drying to obtain fermented bagasse;

the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, which comprises the following steps:

(1) raw material detection: sorting and primary screening the raw materials; (2) desalting; (3) desugarizing; (4) deodorizing; (5) sterilizing; (6) screening; (7) carbonizing and forming holes; (8) controlling the water content ratio; (9) mixing; (10) detecting again; (11) and (7) briquetting.

The bagasse of the invention is residue after pressing sugarcane, which accounts for about 24% -27% of the sugarcane (wherein the water content is about 50%), contains rich cellulose, and also contains phosphorus and potassium elements which are necessary nutrient elements for plant growth;

the allicin is an organic sulfur compound extracted from the unicorn of garlic of the allium of the alliaceae family, also exists in onion and other alliaceae plants, the chemical name is diallyl thiosulfinate, the allicin mainly exists in garlic oil, the functional activity of the allicin mainly depends on the preparation and the characteristics of the garlic oil, the garlic essential oil with pungent smell is obtained by distilling garlic by a water vapor distillation method of the German chemist of the depositor Wertheim in 1844 years, the allicin is called garlic oil, the garlic oil is a kind of garlic oil which is incompatible with water, has volatile liquid organic sulfide, is light yellow to brownish red, has strong garlic smell, has the density of 1.050 to 1.095, the refractive index of 1.550 to 1.580 and has no optical activity; according to the measurement, about 16 sulfur-containing compounds are contained in the garlic oil, wherein the main components of the garlic oil comprise four compounds such as diallyl monosulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide and diallyl tetrasulfide, the relative content of the four compounds in the garlic oil accounts for 73.74%, and the garlic oil also comprises compounds such as methallyl monosulfide, methallyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide and methallyl trisulfide, and the relative content of the components accounts for more than 20%; thioether compounds in the allicin can penetrate cell membranes of certain pathogenic bacteria to enter cytoplasm, and competitively inhibit protein compounds containing sulfydryl to inactivate the protein compounds, so that bacteria and fungi cannot carry out biological oxidation, metabolism is damaged, and the effect of inhibiting growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria is achieved;

the perlite in the invention is a white granular material with a honeycomb structure inside, which is prepared by preheating, instantaneous high-temperature roasting and expanding perlite ore sand; the perlite has strong stability and good water absorption, can prevent the matrix from hardening, and has good fertilizer control effect;

the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, provided by the invention, has the advantages that wood fibers, crushed leaf products, bagasse and sugarcane peel in the components are all recycled by leftover materials, the materials are easy to obtain, the cost is lower, the phosphorus and potassium mineral elements rich in the bagasse are beneficial to the growth of crops, the resource recycling is realized, and the waste is changed into valuable; the fallen leaf fragments are subjected to humification and mineralization processes, monosaccharide, polypeptide, amino acid and the like are generated in the mineralization process, and mineralized organic matters can be absorbed and utilized by plants; the allicin has obvious bacteriostasis, especially has good inhibiting effect on rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) and fusarium flavum (Fusarium culmorum) which cause withering, withering and root rot of plants, and is used for replacing chemical agents, so that the pollution to planting environment and the over-standard crop pesticide residue caused by directly using the chemical agents are avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the result of the PDA culture of Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) with the matrix of the present invention and an extract of coconut coir matrix;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the result of the PDA culture of Fusarium flavum (Fusarium culmorum) with the extraction of the matrix and coconut coir substrate according to the present invention;

Detailed Description

The present invention and the effects thereof will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the descriptions.

Example 1

A general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of wood fiber, 20% of crushed leaf material, 15% of bagasse, 20% of sugarcane peel, 20% of perlite and 5% of allicin;

the wood fiber is pine wood fiber;

the broken blade is broken eucalyptus blade;

the bagasse is fermented by the following steps:

1. juicing fresh sugarcane, and taking bagasse;

2. crushing bagasse and sieving;

3. adding a decomposing agent into bagasse, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out stack retting fermentation;

4. after fermenting for 14 days, air-drying to obtain fermented bagasse;

a preparation method of a general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria comprises the following steps:

(1) raw material detection: sorting and primary screening the raw materials; (2) desalting; (3) desugarizing; (4) deodorizing; (5) sterilizing; (6) screening; (7) carbonizing and forming holes; (8) controlling the water content ratio; (9) mixing; (10) detecting again; (11) and (7) briquetting.

Example 2

To further demonstrate that the substrates provided in the present invention can have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of rhizoctonia solani and fusarium flavum, the following comparative experiments are provided:

experimental condition preparation:

taking the wood fiber, the crushed leaf material, the bagasse and the sugarcane peel according to the parts by weight in the embodiment 1, crushing and screening to obtain particles with uniform particle size, and mixing with the perlite and the garlicin according to the proportion to obtain 50g of the substrate in the invention; meanwhile, taking 50g of common coconut husk substrate; adding purified water into the two matrixes according to the ratio of water to the matrixes 2:1, and shaking the two matrixes on a shaking table at 180r/min for 30min to fully and uniformly mix the two matrixes with the water; then obtaining extracts of the two matrixes through filter paper with the diameter of 5 mu m;

comparative experiments on the effect of the two matrices on rhizoctonia solani (rhizoctonia solani):

taking four identical PDA (potato dextrose agar culture medium), adding 5ml of the matrix extracting solution of the invention on two PDA respectively, and adding 5ml of the coconut husk matrix extracting solution on the other two PDA respectively; the rhizoctonia solani (rhizoctonia solani) is inoculated to the centers of four PDA and observed after being cultured for 7 days, and as is obvious from the graph 1, the colony areas on two PDA substrates are obviously smaller than the colony areas on two PDA substrates, and the substrate has obvious inhibiting effect on the rhizoctonia solani (rhizoctonia solani);

comparative experiment on the effect of two substrates on Fusarium flavum (Fusarium culmorum):

taking four identical PDA (potato dextrose agar culture medium), adding 5ml of the matrix extracting solution of the invention on two PDA respectively, and adding 5ml of the coconut husk matrix extracting solution on the other two PDA respectively; the center of four PDA is inoculated with yellow Fusarium (Fusarium culmorum), and observed after 7 days of culture, and as can be clearly seen from figure 2, the colony area on two PDA substrates of the invention is obviously smaller than that on two PDA substrates of coconut husk, and the substrate of the invention has obvious inhibition effect on the yellow Fusarium (Fusarium culmorum).

Example 3

This example further illustrates the effect of the substrates of the invention on Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) and Fusarium flavum (Fusarium culmorum) by experimentation;

seedling variety: ramulus et folium Rosae chinensis

And (3) seedling group number: 10 groups, each group adopts 50 hole plug trays, and each group is inserted with 50-column seedling plants

The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: plug-seedling

Seedling culture conditions are as follows: in a plastic greenhouse, the seedling raising temperature is 18-25 ℃, and the operation is carried out according to DB41/T1180-2015 China rose cutting seedling raising technical specification;

TABLE 1

The basic formula in table 1 is wood fiber 15%, crushed leaf 15%, sugar cane bark 20%, perlite 20%; under the condition of the same basic formula, the weight of two components of bagasse and allicin in the matrix is changed, and the inhibition effect of the matrix on the root rot condition and the withering condition caused by rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium flavum is different; only when the bagasse and allicin components in the matrix are added according to a specific proportion, the optimal effect of inhibiting root rot and withering and death can be achieved; if only either bagasse or allicin is added, although the effect is better than that of the pure basic formula, the effect is not the best effect.

Claims (8)

1. A general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria comprises the following main raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-35% of wood fiber, 10-35% of crushed leaf, 1-30% of bagasse, 20-50% of sugarcane peel, 40-60% of perlite and 5-20% of garlicin;

the bagasse is subjected to fermentation treatment.

2. The universal horticultural crop growth medium capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria according to claim 1, comprising 20% by weight of wood fiber, 20% by weight of crushed leaf material, 15% by weight of bagasse, 20% by weight of sugar cane bark, 20% by weight of perlite and 5% by weight of allicin.

3. The universal horticultural crop growth medium capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria according to claim 1, characterized by comprising 15% by weight of wood fiber, 15% by weight of crushed leaf material, 20% by weight of bagasse, 20% by weight of sugar cane bark, 20% by weight of perlite and 10% by weight of allicin.

4. The universal horticultural crop growth medium capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria of claim 1, wherein the wood fibre is made of one or more of pine, willow and cedar.

5. The universal horticultural crop growth medium capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria of claim 1, wherein the crushed leaf material is one or more selected from eucalyptus, ginkgo, elm, peach and cypress.

6. A universal horticultural crop growth medium capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria according to claim 1, characterised in that the bagasse fermentation employs the following steps:

(1) juicing fresh sugarcane, and taking bagasse;

(2) crushing bagasse and sieving;

(3) adding a decomposing agent into bagasse, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out stack retting fermentation;

(4) after fermenting for 14 days, air drying to obtain the fermented bagasse.

7. A preparation method of a general horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) raw material detection: sorting and primary screening the raw materials; (2) desalting; (3) desugarizing; (4) deodorizing; (5) sterilizing; (6) screening; (7) carbonizing and forming holes; (8) controlling the water content ratio; (9) mixing; (10) detecting again; (11) and (7) briquetting.

8. The universal horticultural crop growth substrate capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which discloses application in the field of crop growth substrates.

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