CN113213887A - 一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 frit Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052644 β-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052643 α-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿及其制备方法，所述高抗热震性陶瓷器皿包含胚料和釉料；以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石40～50份、高岭土35～45份、石英8～12份、膨润土1～3份；以重量份计，所述釉料由以下原料制成：锂辉石35～45份、长石15～25份、石英10～20份、熔块20～30份、高岭土5～8份、氧化锌3～5份。本发明以锂辉石、高岭土和石英复配，锂辉石在坯体中经锻烧后转变为β型结构，其晶格结构可吸纳高岭土相变游离出来的SiO2和石英中的SiO2，形成β‑锂辉石固溶体，抑制了残余SiO2向热膨胀系数高的方石英转化，大大降低了陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，使陶瓷器皿耐高温急变性能大大提升，加热至800℃，投入常温冷水中不开裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷制备技术领域，具体涉及一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷材料是指用天然或合成化合物经过成形和高温烧结制成的一类无机非金属材料，具有高熔点、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化等优点，因而在高温工程方面得到越来越广泛的应用。在高温环境下使用的陶瓷材料，需要经受力及应力循环的作用，有时还会受到环境介质的侵蚀和冲刷以及温度骤变的热震冲击等。从设计角度不但要考虑材料的温度水平，还要考虑材料承受热震冲击的能力。
现有的陶瓷制品的原料大部分为硅酸盐无机非金矿，如长石、石英、滑石、白云石、高岭土等，上述原料均含有高含量的SiO2，若配比搭配不当时，残余的熔融SiO2为不稳定高能态物质，具有易晶化为方石英的趋势，且晶化后的方石英在高温使用条件下或经历高温差的温度急变时，因方石英的晶型发生转变，而伴随较大的体积变化，导致陶瓷材料产生裂纹，甚至因裂纹扩展导致材料开裂损毁。因此，采用上述原料制备的陶瓷器皿存在着抗热震性差的缺点，导致陶瓷材料的使用寿命降低，大大影响了其应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，并提供了该高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿。
所述高抗热震性陶瓷器皿包含胚料和釉料；以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石40～50份、高岭土35～45份、石英8～12份、膨润土1～3份。
传统陶瓷器皿常因石英和方石英的相转变所生产的体积变化，产生内应力而抗热震性差。本发明优选膨胀系数范围为-90×10-6至+0.9×10-6/℃(20-1200℃)的锂-铝-硅单元复合材质，锂辉石、高岭土和石英复配可形成超低膨胀锂铝硅微晶玻璃；其中，锂辉石在坯体中经锻烧后转变为β型结构，其晶格结构可吸纳高岭土相变游离出来的SiO2和石英中的SiO2并形成β-锂辉石固溶体，抑制了残余SiO2向热膨胀系数高的方石英转化，大大降低了陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数；而且锂辉石含有大量的硅酸钙，硅酸钙具有很强的助熔作用，可以降低坯体和釉料的烧成温度，促使陶瓷制品烧结。上述作用很大程度上提高了成型后陶瓷器皿的热稳定性，使其耐温急变性能强，合格率高。
膨润土作为增塑结合剂，可以促进β-锂辉石固溶体与陶瓷基体更好结合，进而提高陶瓷器皿的抗压等强度性能。
进一步地，所述锂辉石的锂的百分含量为6.0％。本发明选用澳大利亚6.0级别锂含量的锂辉石，其硅、铝含量高，铁、钾、钠含量较低，可以使得加入的锂辉石量低于50％，有利于降低生产成本。
更进一步地，所述锂辉石经过1200℃±50℃的温度煅烧处理。在使用前对原矿锂辉石进行煅烧，可以使之晶体结构从α-锂辉石转变成β-锂辉石，有利于大大降低其膨胀系数，提高抗热震性能。
进一步地，所述高岭土为白色高岭土，所述高岭土的铝的百分含量(以Al2O3计)为40～45％、硅的百分含量(以SiO2计)为35～40％。
进一步地，所述石英的硅含量(以SiO2计)为99％以上。
进一步地，所述膨润土的白度为70°以上。
进一步地，所述锂辉石、高岭土、石英和/或膨润土的粒径为200目。
进一步地，以重量份计，所述釉料由以下原料制成：锂辉石35～45份、长石15～25份、石英10～20份、熔块20～30份、高岭土5～8份、氧化锌3～5份。以锂辉石、长石为主体原材料，配合石英，使用熔块作为溶剂，使用高塑性的高岭土原料作为粘结剂，能够得到流动性好的釉料，从而增加陶瓷器皿釉面的光泽度与平整度。而且，通过调整釉料中原料配比，使得坯料和釉料的膨胀系数相适应，避免后续烧结过程中产品开裂。
本发明的另外一个目的在于提供上述所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法。
所述高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备坯料；
S2、制备釉料；
S3、制备坯体：将所述坯料成型得到坯体；
S4、素烧：将所述坯体置于1240～1260℃温度条件下煅烧12～16h，得到素胎；
S5、釉烧：向所述素胎施以釉料，之后置于1150～1200℃温度条件下煅烧，得到陶瓷器皿。
采用高温素烧低温釉烧的二次烧结工艺，在1240～1260℃温度条件下使锂輝石矿化反应完全，生成大量的低膨胀系数的β型-锂辉石，而且β型-锂辉石为高温熔体，可以熔化坯体内残余的石英，进一步降低膨胀系数，保证了成型后的陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数低，有利抗热震性能提高。
进一步地，步骤S1中，制备坯料具体包括以下步骤：
S11、将锂辉石、高岭土、石英和膨润土分别粉碎至200目细度，然后将原料配比之后混合，得到坯料混合物；
S12、按照坯料混合物：球：水等于1：(1.5～2)：0.6的比例在球磨粉碎机中湿磨，直至细度达到万孔筛余2～4％，得到泥料；
S13、对所述泥料脱水至含水量小于或等于25％，然后进行练泥操作，之后将所述泥料置于泥库困料，最后经二次练泥，切成泥蛋，即为坯料。经榨泥机压滤脱水，经真空练泥机两次挤压排气练泥，可以使泥料结构更致密，泥料组织更均匀，可塑性能也更好，既便于成型也提高了坯料的干燥强度和机械强度，避免烧结后使陶瓷器皿内产生气泡进而影响产品性能。
步骤S13中，所述困料的时间通常为一个月左右。
进一步地，步骤S2中，制备釉料具体包括以下步骤：
S21、将锂辉石、长石、石英、熔块、高岭土和氧化锌分别粉碎至200目细度，然后将原料配比之后混合，得到釉料混合物；
S22、按釉料混合物：球：水＝1：(1.5～2)：0.7比例在球磨粉碎机中湿磨，直至细度达到万孔筛余0.3～0.5％，得到釉浆；
S23、对所述釉浆进行除铁操作，然后过120～160目筛后放入料池或釉缸内均化，即得到釉料。经高梯度湿式除铁器除铁可增加陶瓷器皿的白度。
步骤S23中，所述均化的时间通常为一个月左右。
进一步地，步骤S3中，所述成型的方法为滚压旋制成型、拉坯成型、注浆成型中的任一种。
进一步地，步骤S4中，将所述坯体置于1240～1260℃温度条件下煅烧12～16h的期间，可以适当进行高火保温，有助于使坯体内锂辉石完全转化为β-锂辉石。
进一步地，步骤S5中，所述釉料的比重为1.5kg/cm3、厚度为1～2mm。
步骤S5的具体操作为：采用喷釉方法、浸釉方法或浇釉方法向所述素烧的坯体上施以比重为1.5kg/cm3的釉料，釉料厚度为1～2mm，适当干燥后，放置棚板上，之后置于电窑或隔焰隧道窑中于1150～1200℃温度下烧结，得到陶瓷器皿。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
1)本发明以锂辉石、高岭土和石英复配，锂辉石在坯体中经锻烧后转变为β型结构，其晶格结构可吸纳高岭土相变游离出来的SiO2和石英中的SiO2，形成β-锂辉石固溶体，抑制了残余SiO2向热膨胀系数高的方石英转化，大大降低了陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，使陶瓷器皿耐高温急变性能大大提升，加热至800℃，投入常温冷水中不开裂，本发明的陶瓷器皿有望运用于烤箱、微波炉、冰箱、明火烧制的餐具、沙煲等日用器皿，还可用于化学工业，燃烧器等工业。
2)采用高温素烧、低温釉烧的二次烧结工艺，使锂輝石矿化反应完全，有利于提高其熔解高岭土和石英的效率，进一步降低膨胀系数，保证了成型后的陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数低，有利于抗热震性能提高。
3)本发明严格的原料选择及控制、合理的配方，既满足了陶瓷器皿化学成分要求，又兼顾了陶瓷塑性成型的物理性能；而且原料简单、成本低，制得的产品性能优越、可靠。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例中，除非特别说明，锂辉石为澳大利亚6.0级别锂含量的锂辉石，锂的百分含量为6.0％(wt)，锂辉石在使用前经过1200℃±50℃的温度煅烧处理4h；高岭土为白色高岭土，高岭土的铝的百分含量(以Al2O3计)为40～45％、硅的百分含量(以SiO2计)为35～40％；石英的硅含量(以SiO2计)为99％以上；膨润土的白度为70°以上。
需要说明的是，本发明中所使用的试剂和设备，如无特殊说明，均为常规市售获得。
实施例1
一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，包含胚料和釉料；以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石40份、高岭土45份、石英12份、膨润土3份。
以重量份计，所述釉料由以下原料制成：锂辉石40份、长石16份、石英14份、熔块25份、高岭土6份、氧化锌4份。
所述高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备坯料；具体包括以下步骤：
S11、将锂辉石、高岭土、石英和膨润土分别粉碎至200目细度，然后按上述配比称量之后混合，得到坯料混合物；
S12、按照坯料混合物：球：水等于1：(1.5～2)：0.6的比例在球磨粉碎机中湿磨，直至细度达到万孔筛余2～4％，得到泥料；
S13、将泥料放入榨泥机压滤脱水至含水量小于或等于25％，然后将泥料放入真空练泥机进行练泥操作，之后将泥料置于泥库困料，困料的时间为一个月左右，最后经真空练泥机二次练泥，切成泥蛋，即为坯料；
S2、制备釉料；具体包括以下步骤：
S21、将锂辉石、长石、石英、熔块、高岭土和氧化锌分别粉碎至200目细度，然后按上述配比称量之后混合，得到釉料混合物；
S22、按釉料混合物：球：水＝1：(1.5～2)：0.7比例在球磨粉碎机中湿磨，直至细度达到万孔筛余0.3～0.5％，得到釉浆；
S23、采用高梯度湿式除铁器对釉浆进行除铁操作，然后过120～160目筛后放入料池或釉缸内均化一个月，即得到釉料；
S3、制备坯体：将泥蛋状的坯料切片放入石膏模内，在滚压机上旋制成圆形状的湿坯，然后置于带热空气烘干房或常温空间中干燥(石膏磨具有吸水性)，湿坯与石膏模脱离后取出毛坯干燥脱水，待水份至10～12％左右进行修坯并干燥，待含水量小于或等于1％进行干修，形成坯体；
S4、素烧：将干坯置于1240～1260℃温度条件下煅烧12～16h的，期间适当进行高火保温；
S5、釉烧：采用喷釉方法、浸釉方法或浇釉方法向所述素烧的坯体上施以比重为1.5kg/cm3的釉料，釉料厚度为1～2mm，适当干燥后，放置棚板上，之后置于电窑或隔焰隧道窑中于1150～1200℃温度下烧结，得到陶瓷器皿。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为1.7×10-6～1.9×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为5～10％。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石43份、高岭土43份、石英11份、膨润土3份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为1.3×10-6～1.6×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为5～10％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中不裂。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石45份、高岭土42份、石英10份、膨润土3份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为1.2×10-6～1.4×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为5～10％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中不裂。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石46份、高岭土42份、石英9份、膨润土3份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为1.4×10-6～1.7×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为5～10％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中不裂。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石50份、高岭土40份、石英8份、膨润土2份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为1.6×10-6～1.9×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为5～10％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中不裂。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石50份、高岭土35份、石英12份、膨润土3份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为1.8×10-6～2.0×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为5～10％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中不裂。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石60份、高岭土35份、石英3份、膨润土3份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为2.4×10-6～2.7×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为13～18％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中，试件表面有裂缝。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1基本相同，区别在于胚料的配比不同：以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石40份、高岭土40份、石英18份、膨润土2份。
采用高温热膨胀系数测量仪(产自湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司，PCY-1200型)测定陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，测试温度为20至800℃，陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数为3.5×10-6～3.9×10-6/℃，陶瓷的吸水率为15～20％。耐温急变性能为在800℃温度下投入常温(20℃)冷水中，试件开裂。
比较实施例1～6和对比例1～2的数据可知，本发明所述实施例得到的陶瓷器皿具有更低的膨胀系数，陶瓷器皿的吸水率为5～10％，膨胀系数为1.2×10-6～2.0×10-6/℃(20-800℃)，急冷急热性能为加热至800℃，投入常温冷水中不开裂。
进一步分析实施例1～6的数据可知，锂辉石、高岭土和石英含量显著影响陶瓷器皿的膨胀系数，主要是由于锂辉石、高岭土和石英配合形成β-锂辉石固溶体，其为高温熔体，能够充分地熔解高岭土和石英，避免二者向方石英转化，使陶瓷器皿的热膨胀系数更低，耐高温急变性能大大提升。而当锂辉石含量低、石英含量高(如实施例1、对比例1～2)，或者锂辉石含量高、石英含量低(如实施例5)，或者锂辉石和石英含量高、高岭土含量低(如实施例6)时，均会影响β-锂辉石固溶体的生成量，而β-锂辉石固溶体的生成量降低又会减少对高岭土和石英的溶解，进而恶化陶瓷器皿的性能。因此，锂辉石、高岭土和石英的含量必须与β-锂辉石固溶体的生成量相协调。以重量份计，优选所述坯料的原料及其配比为：锂辉石43～46份、高岭土42～43份、石英9～11份、膨润土3％；更优选为：锂辉石45份、高岭土42份、石英10份、膨润土3份。
以上实施例，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，其特征在于，包含胚料和釉料；以重量份计，所述胚料由以下原料制成：锂辉石40～50份、高岭土35～45份、石英8～12份、膨润土1～3份。
2.如权利要求1所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，其特征在于，所述锂辉石的锂的百分含量为6.0％；所述锂辉石经过1200℃±50℃的温度煅烧处理。
3.如权利要求1所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，其特征在于，所述高岭土为白色高岭土，所述高岭土的铝的百分含量为40～45％、硅的百分含量为35～40％。
4.如权利要求1所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，其特征在于，所述石英的硅的百分含量为99％以上。
5.如权利要求1所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，其特征在于，所述膨润土的白度为70°以上。
6.如权利要求1所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，其特征在于，以重量份计，所述釉料由以下原料制成：锂辉石35～45份、长石15～25份、石英10～20份、熔块20～30份、高岭土5～8份、氧化锌3～5份。
7.一种高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，其特征在于，用于制备如权利要求1～6任一项所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿，所述高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备坯料；
S2、制备釉料；
S3、制备坯体：将所述坯料成型得到坯体；
S4、素烧：将所述坯体置于1240～1260℃温度条件下煅烧12～16h，得到素胎；
S5、釉烧：向所述素胎施以釉料，之后置于1150～1200℃温度条件下煅烧，得到陶瓷器皿。
8.如权利要求7所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，制备坯料具体包括以下步骤：
S11、将锂辉石、高岭土、石英和膨润土分别粉碎至200目细度，然后将原料配比之后混合，得到坯料混合物；
S12、按照坯料混合物：球：水＝1：(1.5～2)：0.6的比例在球磨粉碎机中湿磨，直至细度达到万孔筛余2～4％，得到泥料；
S13、对所述泥料脱水至含水量小于或等于25％，然后进行练泥操作，之后将所述泥料置于泥库困料，最后经二次练泥，切成泥蛋，即为坯料。
9.如权利要求7所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，制备釉料具体包括以下步骤：
S21、将锂辉石、长石、石英、熔块、高岭土和氧化锌分别粉碎至200目细度，然后将原料配比之后混合，得到釉料混合物；
S22、按釉料混合物：球：水＝1：(1.5～2)：0.7比例在球磨粉碎机中湿磨，直至细度达到万孔筛余0.3～0.5％，得到釉浆；
S23、对所述釉浆进行除铁操作，然后过120～160目筛后放入料池或釉缸内均化，即得到釉料。
10.如权利要求7所述的高抗热震性陶瓷器皿的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中，所述釉料的比重为1.5kg/cm3、厚度为1～2mm。
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