CN113213887A - Ceramic vessel with high thermal shock resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic vessel with high thermal shock resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113213887A CN113213887A CN202110494842.7A CN202110494842A CN113213887A CN 113213887 A CN113213887 A CN 113213887A CN 202110494842 A CN202110494842 A CN 202110494842A CN 113213887 A CN113213887 A CN 113213887A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 frit Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052644 β-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052643 α-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
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- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/19—Alkali metal aluminosilicates, e.g. spodumene
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic utensil with high thermal shock resistance and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramic utensil with high thermal shock resistance comprises a blank and a glaze; the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of spodumene, 35-45 parts of kaolin, 8-12 parts of quartz and 1-3 parts of bentonite; the glaze is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of spodumene,15-25 parts of feldspar, 10-20 parts of quartz, 20-30 parts of frit, 5-8 parts of kaolin and 3-5 parts of zinc oxide. The invention is compounded by spodumene, kaolin and quartz, the spodumene is converted into a beta-type structure after being calcined in a blank body, and the crystal lattice structure can absorb SiO liberated from the kaolin phase change2And SiO in Quartz2Form a solid solution of beta-spodumene, suppressing residual SiO2The cristobalite with high thermal expansion coefficient is converted, so that the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is greatly reduced, the high-temperature and rapid-change resistance of the ceramic ware is greatly improved, the ceramic ware is heated to 800 ℃, and the ceramic ware does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic preparation, and particularly relates to a ceramic vessel with high thermal shock resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ceramic material is an inorganic non-metallic material prepared by forming and high-temperature sintering natural or synthetic compounds, and has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, so that the ceramic material is more and more widely applied to the high-temperature engineering. Ceramic materials used in high temperature environments need to be subjected to stress and stress cycle, and sometimes are subjected to erosion and scouring of environmental media, thermal shock impact due to temperature shock and the like. From a design point of view, not only the temperature level of the material, but also the ability of the material to withstand thermal shock impact are considered.
The raw materials of the existing ceramic products are mostly silicate inorganic non-gold ores, such as feldspar, quartz, talc, dolomite, kaolin, and the like, and all contain high-content SiO2If the mixture ratio is not proper, residual molten SiO2The cristobalite is an unstable high-energy substance and has a tendency of being easily crystallized into cristobalite, and the crystallized cristobalite is subjected to crystal transformation under high-temperature use conditions or rapid temperature change of high temperature difference, so that the ceramic material cracks along with large volume change, and even the material cracks and is damaged due to crack expansion. Therefore, the ceramic ware prepared by adopting the raw materials has the defect of poor thermal shock resistance, so that the service life of the ceramic material is shortened, and the application range of the ceramic ware is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a ceramic utensil with high thermal shock resistance and a preparation method of the ceramic utensil with high thermal shock resistance.
An object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic vessel having high thermal shock resistance.
The ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance comprises a blank and glaze; the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of spodumene, 35-45 parts of kaolin, 8-12 parts of quartz and 1-3 parts of bentonite.
The traditional ceramic ware is often subjected to internal stress due to volume change caused by phase transformation of quartz and cristobalite, so that the traditional ceramic ware is poor in thermal shock resistance. The preferred expansion coefficient range of the present invention is-90X 10-6To + 0.9X 10-6The ultra-low expansion lithium aluminum silicon glass ceramic can be formed by compounding a lithium-aluminum-silicon unit composite material at the temperature of 20-1200 ℃, spodumene, kaolin and quartz; wherein, spodumene is converted into beta-type structure after being calcined in a blank body, and the crystal lattice structure can absorb SiO dissociated from kaolin phase change2And SiO in Quartz2And form a solid solution of beta-spodumene, suppressing residual SiO2The cristobalite with high thermal expansion coefficient is converted, so that the expansion coefficient of the ceramic vessel is greatly reduced; and spodumene contains a large amount of calcium silicate, and the calcium silicate has a strong fluxing action, so that the firing temperature of a blank and a glaze can be reduced, and the ceramic product can be promoted to be sintered. The thermal stability of the formed ceramic ware is improved to a great extent by the action, so that the ceramic ware has strong temperature and rapid change resistance and high qualification rate.
The bentonite is used as a plasticizing bonding agent, can promote the beta-spodumene solid solution to be better combined with a ceramic matrix, and further improves the compressive strength and other strength performances of the ceramic ware.
Further, the percentage of lithium in the spodumene is 6.0%. The invention selects the spodumene with Australian 6.0 grade lithium content, has high silicon and aluminum contents and lower iron, potassium and sodium contents, can ensure that the added spodumene content is lower than 50 percent, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost.
Further, the spodumene is subjected to calcination treatment at a temperature of 1200 ℃. + -. 50 ℃. The raw ore spodumene is calcined before use, so that the crystal structure of the raw ore spodumene can be converted from alpha-spodumene to beta-spodumene, the expansion coefficient of the raw ore spodumene is greatly reduced, and the thermal shock resistance is improved.
Further, the kaolin is white kaolin, and the aluminum content of the kaolin is calculated by the percentage of Al2O3Calculated by 40-45 percent) and the percentage content of silicon (calculated by SiO)2Calculated) is 35-40%.
Further, the silicon content of the quartz (in SiO)2Calculated) is more than 99 percent.
Further, the whiteness of the bentonite is 70 ° or more.
Further, the particle size of the spodumene, kaolin, quartz and/or bentonite is 200 meshes.
Further, the glaze is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of spodumene, 15-25 parts of feldspar, 10-20 parts of quartz, 20-30 parts of frit, 5-8 parts of kaolin and 3-5 parts of zinc oxide. Spodumene and feldspar are used as main raw materials, quartz is matched, frit is used as a solvent, high-plasticity kaolin raw materials are used as a binder, and a glaze material with good fluidity can be obtained, so that the glossiness and the flatness of the glaze surface of a ceramic vessel are improved. Moreover, by adjusting the raw material proportion in the glaze, the expansion coefficients of the blank and the glaze are adaptive, and the cracking of the product in the subsequent sintering process is avoided.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance.
The preparation method of the ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a blank;
s2, preparing glaze;
s3, preparing a blank: forming the blank to obtain a blank body;
s4, bisque firing: calcining the blank body at the temperature of 1240-1260 ℃ for 12-16 h to obtain a green body;
s5, glaze firing: and applying glaze to the biscuit, and then calcining at 1150-1200 ℃ to obtain the ceramic ware.
By adopting a secondary sintering process of high-temperature bisque firing and low-temperature glaze firing, the lithium stone is completely mineralized at the temperature of 1240-1260 ℃, a large amount of beta-spodumene with low expansion coefficient is generated, and the beta-spodumene is a high-temperature melt and can melt the residual quartz in the blank, so that the expansion coefficient is further reduced, the low expansion coefficient of the formed ceramic ware is ensured, and the thermal shock resistance is favorably improved.
Further, in step S1, the preparing the blank specifically includes the following steps:
s11, respectively crushing spodumene, kaolin, quartz and bentonite to 200-mesh fineness, and then mixing the raw materials in proportion to obtain a blank mixture;
s12, mixing the raw materials: ball: water equal to 1: (1.5-2): wet grinding in a ball mill crusher at a ratio of 0.6 until the fineness reaches 2-4% of ten thousand-hole screen residue to obtain pug;
s13, dehydrating the pug until the water content is less than or equal to 25%, then carrying out pugging operation, then placing the pug in a pug warehouse for pugging, and finally cutting the pug into mud eggs after secondary pugging, thus obtaining the blank. The pug is subjected to filter pressing and dehydration by a pug press, and is extruded and exhausted twice by a vacuum pug mill to perform pugging, so that the pug is more compact in structure, more uniform in organization and better in plasticity, the blank is convenient to form, the drying strength and the mechanical strength of the blank are also improved, and the phenomenon that bubbles are generated in a ceramic utensil after sintering to influence the performance of the product is avoided.
In step S13, the ageing time is usually about one month.
Further, in step S2, the preparation of the glaze specifically includes the following steps:
s21, respectively crushing spodumene, feldspar, quartz, frit, kaolin and zinc oxide to 200-mesh fineness, and then mixing the raw materials in proportion to obtain a glaze mixture;
s22, mixing the glaze mixture: ball: water 1: (1.5-2): wet grinding in a ball mill grinder according to the proportion of 0.7 until the fineness reaches 0.3-0.5% of ten thousand-hole screen residue to obtain glaze slurry;
s23, carrying out iron removal operation on the glaze slurry, then sieving the glaze slurry by a sieve of 120-160 meshes, and then putting the glaze slurry into a material pool or a glaze jar for homogenization to obtain the glaze material. The whiteness of the ceramic ware can be increased by removing iron through a high-gradient wet iron remover.
In step S23, the time for the homogenization is generally about one month.
Further, in step S3, the forming method is any one of roll spinning, stretch forming, and slip casting.
Further, in step S4, the green body is calcined at 1240-1260 ℃ for 12-16 hours, and the green body is subjected to a high-fire heat preservation, which is helpful for completely converting spodumene in the green body into β -spodumene.
Further, in step S5, the glaze has a specific gravity of 1.5kg/cm3The thickness is 1-2 mm.
The specific operation of step S5 is: applying a specific gravity of 1.5kg/cm on the biscuit by adopting a glaze spraying method, a glaze dipping method or a glaze pouring method3The glaze material is 1-2 mm in thickness, is properly dried, is placed on a shed board, and is then placed in an electric kiln or a flame-proof tunnel kiln to be sintered at the temperature of 1150-1200 ℃ to obtain the ceramic ware.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention is compounded by spodumene, kaolin and quartz, the spodumene is converted into a beta-type structure after being calcined in a blank body, and the crystal lattice structure can absorb SiO liberated from the kaolin phase change2And SiO in Quartz2Form a solid solution of beta-spodumene, suppressing residual SiO2The cristobalite with high thermal expansion coefficient is converted, so that the expansion coefficient of the ceramic utensil is greatly reduced, the high-temperature and rapid-change resistance of the ceramic utensil is greatly improved, the ceramic utensil is heated to 800 ℃ and does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature, and the ceramic utensil is expected to be applied to daily utensils such as ovens, microwave ovens, refrigerators, tableware fired by open fire, sand pots and the like, and can also be applied to the industries such as chemical industry, burners and the like.
2) By adopting a secondary sintering process of high-temperature biscuiting and low-temperature glaze firing, the lithium stone is completely mineralized, the efficiency of melting kaolin and quartz is favorably improved, the expansion coefficient is further reduced, the low expansion coefficient of the formed ceramic ware is ensured, and the thermal shock resistance is favorably improved.
3) The invention has strict raw material selection and control and reasonable formula, not only meets the requirements of chemical components of ceramic utensils, but also considers the physical properties of plastic forming of ceramics; and the raw materials are simple, the cost is low, and the prepared product has excellent and reliable performance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, spodumene is of Australian 6.0 grade lithium content, with a percentage of lithium of 6.0% (wt), and is calcined at 1200 ℃. + -. 50 ℃ for 4 hours prior to use, unless otherwise specified; the kaolin is white kaolin, and the aluminum content of the kaolin (in terms of Al)2O3Calculated by 40-45 percent) and the percentage content of silicon (calculated by SiO)2Calculated) is 35-40%; silicon content of quartz (in SiO)2Calculated) is more than 99 percent; the whiteness of the bentonite is more than 70 degrees.
It should be noted that the reagents and equipment used in the present invention are generally commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance comprises a blank and a glaze; the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of spodumene, 45 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
The glaze is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of spodumene, 16 parts of feldspar, 14 parts of quartz, 25 parts of frit, 6 parts of kaolin and 4 parts of zinc oxide.
The preparation method of the ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a blank; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, respectively crushing spodumene, kaolin, quartz and bentonite to 200-mesh fineness, weighing according to the proportion, and mixing to obtain a blank mixture;
s12, mixing the raw materials: ball: water equal to 1: (1.5-2): wet grinding in a ball mill crusher at a ratio of 0.6 until the fineness reaches 2-4% of ten thousand-hole screen residue to obtain pug;
s13, putting the pug into a mud press, performing filter pressing and dehydration until the water content is less than or equal to 25%, putting the pug into a vacuum pug mill, performing pugging operation, putting the pug into a mud bin for pugging for about one month, performing secondary pugging by the vacuum pug mill, and cutting the pug into mud eggs to obtain blanks;
s2, preparing glaze; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, respectively crushing spodumene, feldspar, quartz, frit, kaolin and zinc oxide to 200-mesh fineness, weighing according to the proportion, and mixing to obtain a glaze mixture;
s22, mixing the glaze mixture: ball: water 1: (1.5-2): wet grinding in a ball mill grinder according to the proportion of 0.7 until the fineness reaches 0.3-0.5% of ten thousand-hole screen residue to obtain glaze slurry;
s23, carrying out iron removal operation on the glaze slurry by using a high-gradient wet iron remover, then sieving the glaze slurry by using a 120-160-mesh sieve, and then putting the sieved glaze slurry into a material pool or a glaze jar for homogenization for one month to obtain a glaze material;
s3, preparing a blank: slicing the mud-egg-shaped blank, putting the sliced mud-egg-shaped blank into a gypsum mold, spinning the sliced mud-egg-shaped blank into a round wet blank in a roller press, then drying the round wet blank in a drying room with hot air or a room temperature space (the gypsum grinding tool has water absorption), taking out the blank after the wet blank is separated from the gypsum mold, drying and dehydrating the blank, trimming the blank when the water content is about 10 to 12 percent, drying the blank, and performing dry trimming when the water content is less than or equal to 1 percent to form a blank body;
s4, bisque firing: calcining the dry blank at the temperature of 1240-1260 ℃ for 12-16 h, and carrying out high-fire heat preservation in the process;
s5, glaze firing: applying a specific gravity of 1.5kg/cm on the biscuit by adopting a glaze spraying method, a glaze dipping method or a glaze pouring method3The glaze material is 1-2 mm in thickness, is properly dried, is placed on a shed board, and is then placed in an electric kiln or a flame-proof tunnel kiln to be sintered at the temperature of 1150-1200 ℃ to obtain the ceramic ware.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 1.7 × 10-6～1.9×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 5-10%.
Example 2
Example 2 is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43 parts of spodumene, 43 parts of kaolin, 11 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 1.3 × 10-6～1.6×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 5-10%. The temperature shock resistance is that the steel pipe does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃.
Example 3
Example 3 is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of spodumene, 42 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 1.2 × 10-6～1.4×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 5-10%. The temperature shock resistance is that the steel pipe does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃.
Example 4
Example 4 is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 46 parts of spodumene, 42 parts of kaolin, 9 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 1.4 × 10-6～1.7×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 5-10%. The temperature shock resistance is that the steel pipe does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃.
Example 5
Example 5 is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of spodumene, 40 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of quartz and 2 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 1.6 × 10-6～1.9×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 5-10%. The temperature shock resistance is that the steel pipe does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃.
Example 6
Example 6 is substantially the same as example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of spodumene, 35 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 1.8 × 10-6～2.0×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 5-10%. The temperature shock resistance is that the steel pipe does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of spodumene, 35 parts of kaolin, 3 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 2.4 × 10-6～2.7×10-6and/DEG C, the water absorption of the ceramic is 13-18%. The temperature quick change resistance is that the sample is put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃, and the surface of the sample has cracks.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the mixture ratio of the blank is different: the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of spodumene, 40 parts of kaolin, 18 parts of quartz and 2 parts of bentonite.
Measuring the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware by a high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient measuring instrument (PCY-1200 from Hunan Tan Xiang instruments Co., Ltd.), wherein the measurement temperature is 20-800 deg.C, and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is 3.5 × 10-6～3.9×10-6The water absorption rate of the ceramic is 15-20 percent at/DEG C. The temperature and shock resistance performance is that the test piece is cracked when the test piece is put into cold water at normal temperature (20 ℃) at the temperature of 800 ℃.
Comparing the data of examples 1 to 6 with those of comparative examples 1 to 2, it can be seen that the ceramic ware obtained in the examples of the present invention has a lower expansion coefficient, the water absorption of the ceramic ware is 5 to 10%, and the expansion coefficient is 1.2 × 10-6～2.0×10-6The quenching and quick heating performance is that the steel is heated to 800 ℃ and does not crack when being put into cold water at normal temperature (20-800 ℃).
Further analyzing the data of examples 1 to 6, it can be seen that the expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is significantly affected by the content of spodumene, kaolin and quartz, and mainly because the spodumene, kaolin and quartz are matched to form a beta-spodumene solid solution, which is a high-temperature melt, the kaolin and quartz can be fully dissolved, and the conversion of the two to cristobalite is avoided, so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic ware is lower, and the high-temperature shock resistance is greatly improved. When the spodumene content is low and the quartz content is high (as in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2), or the spodumene content is high and the quartz content is low (as in example 5), or the spodumene content, the quartz content and the kaolin content are high and the kaolin content is low (as in example 6), the generation amount of the beta-spodumene solid solution is influenced, and the reduction of the generation amount of the beta-spodumene solid solution can reduce the dissolution of the kaolin and the quartz, so that the performance of the ceramic ware is deteriorated. Therefore, the contents of spodumene, kaolin and quartz must be compatible with the amount of the β -spodumene solid solution produced. The blank comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43-46 parts of spodumene, 42-43 parts of kaolin, 9-11 parts of quartz and 3% of bentonite; more preferably: 45 parts of spodumene, 42 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of quartz and 3 parts of bentonite.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A ceramic utensil with high thermal shock resistance is characterized by comprising a blank and glaze; the blank is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of spodumene, 35-45 parts of kaolin, 8-12 parts of quartz and 1-3 parts of bentonite.
2. The ceramic ware of claim 1, wherein said spodumene has a percentage of lithium of 6.0%; the spodumene is calcined at 1200 +/-50 ℃.
3. The ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kaolin is white kaolin, and the kaolin has an aluminum content of 40-45% and a silicon content of 35-40%.
4. The ceramic ware of claim 1 wherein said quartz has a silicon content of 99% or more.
5. The ceramic ware having high thermal shock resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the whiteness of said bentonite is 70 ° or more.
6. The ceramic ware with high thermal shock resistance according to claim 1, wherein the glaze is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of spodumene, 15-25 parts of feldspar, 10-20 parts of quartz, 20-30 parts of frit, 5-8 parts of kaolin and 3-5 parts of zinc oxide.
7. A preparation method of a ceramic vessel with high thermal shock resistance is characterized by being used for preparing the ceramic vessel with high thermal shock resistance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the preparation method of the ceramic vessel with high thermal shock resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a blank;
s2, preparing glaze;
s3, preparing a blank: forming the blank to obtain a blank body;
s4, bisque firing: calcining the blank body at the temperature of 1240-1260 ℃ for 12-16 h to obtain a green body;
s5, glaze firing: and applying glaze to the biscuit, and then calcining at 1150-1200 ℃ to obtain the ceramic ware.
8. The method for preparing a ceramic ware having a high thermal shock resistance as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S1, the step of preparing the billet comprises the steps of:
s11, respectively crushing spodumene, kaolin, quartz and bentonite to 200-mesh fineness, and then mixing the raw materials in proportion to obtain a blank mixture;
s12, mixing the raw materials: ball: water 1: (1.5-2): wet grinding in a ball mill crusher at a ratio of 0.6 until the fineness reaches 2-4% of ten thousand-hole screen residue to obtain pug;
s13, dehydrating the pug until the water content is less than or equal to 25%, then carrying out pugging operation, then placing the pug in a pug warehouse for pugging, and finally cutting the pug into mud eggs after secondary pugging, thus obtaining the blank.
9. The method for preparing a ceramic ware having a high thermal shock resistance as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of preparing glaze in step S2 specifically comprises the steps of:
s21, respectively crushing spodumene, feldspar, quartz, frit, kaolin and zinc oxide to 200-mesh fineness, and then mixing the raw materials in proportion to obtain a glaze mixture;
s22, mixing the glaze mixture: ball: water 1: (1.5-2): wet grinding in a ball mill grinder according to the proportion of 0.7 until the fineness reaches 0.3-0.5% of ten thousand-hole screen residue to obtain glaze slurry;
s23, carrying out iron removal operation on the glaze slurry, then sieving the glaze slurry by a sieve of 120-160 meshes, and then putting the glaze slurry into a material pool or a glaze jar for homogenization to obtain the glaze material.
10. The method for producing a ceramic ware having a high thermal shock resistance as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S5, the specific gravity of said glaze is 1.5kg/cm3The thickness is 1-2 mm.
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| CN114230310A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-25 | 程华 | Special ceramic crucible preparation method |
| CN114773029A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 云南浪鬼建水陶文化有限公司 | Jianshui purple pottery with high thermal shock resistance |
| CN115557782A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-01-03 | 江苏卡续曼新材料科技有限公司 | Inorganic mineral composition capable of being vitrified at low temperature |
| CN116425520A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-07-14 | 四川美术学院 | High-lithium thermal shock resistant functional ceramic product and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1800086A (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-07-12 | 杭州民生陶瓷有限公司 | Highly heatproof and shockproof ceramic and its production method |
| CN102515730A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-27 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | Ultra-low-expansion ceramic pot and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN1800086A (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-07-12 | 杭州民生陶瓷有限公司 | Highly heatproof and shockproof ceramic and its production method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114773029A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 云南浪鬼建水陶文化有限公司 | Jianshui purple pottery with high thermal shock resistance |
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